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An alignment structure useful in a liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate having disposed thereon an oriented layer of a chromonic liquid crystalline material, wherein the chromonic liquid crystalline material comprises a chromonic material, a pre-tilt additive, and/or a cross-linking

An alignment structure useful in a liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate having disposed thereon an oriented layer of a chromonic liquid crystalline material, wherein the chromonic liquid crystalline material comprises a chromonic material, a pre-tilt additive, and/or a cross-linking agent. The structure can be made by coating the chromonic liquid crystalline material onto the substrate and then drying or curing the coated substrate. The alignment structure can also include one or more polarizing dyes or other additives and can thus be made to perform polarizing, retarding and/or color filtering functions in addition to alignment and orientation functions. Liquid crystal displays containing such alignment structures and methods of making such displays are also described.

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An alignment structure useful in a liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate having disposed thereon an oriented layer of a chromonic liquid crystalline material, wherein the chromonic liquid crystalline material comprises a chromonic material, a pre-tilt additive, and/or a cross-linking

An alignment structure useful in a liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate having disposed thereon an oriented layer of a chromonic liquid crystalline material, wherein the chromonic liquid crystalline material comprises a chromonic material, a pre-tilt additive, and/or a cross-linking agent. The structure can be made by coating the chromonic liquid crystalline material onto the substrate and then drying or curing the coated substrate. The alignment structure can also include one or more polarizing dyes or other additives and can thus be made to perform polarizing, retarding and/or color filtering functions in addition to alignment and orientation functions. Liquid crystal displays containing such alignment structures and methods of making such displays are also described. d diisocyanate is toluene diisocyanate. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein said diamine comprises diethyltoluene diamine. 7. The process of claim 1, wherein said A-side and said B-side have viscosities of 500 cp or less at 160° F. 8. The process of claim 1, wherein said substrate comprises brass, bronze, bright metal, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, non-stainless steel, or stainless steel. 9. The process of claim 1, wherein said substrate comprises non-stainless steel, magnesium, or aluminum. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein said substrate comprises a fiber-reinforced polymer. 11. The process of claim 1, wherein said substrate comprises both a metal and a fiber-reinforced polymer. 12. The process of claim 1, wherein said substrate is first coated with a primer coating prior to coating with said polyurethaneurea. oride. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal is palladium, the compound of the metal is selected from the group consisting of PdCl2,(NH4)2PdCl4,and K2PdCl4,and the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid/tannic acid, sodium citrate/tannic acid, sodium borohydride and hydrogen. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal is platinum, the metal compound is H2PtCl4,and the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, sodium citrate/tannic acid and sodium borohydride. 9. A method of making nonspherical colloidal particles of rhodium which comprises reducing a solution of RhCl3with ascorbic acid. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the nonspherical colloidal particles have a shape which is cuboidal. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the nonspherical colloidal particles have a shape which is lobate. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the nonspherical colloidal particles have a shape which is geodesic. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the nonspherical colloidal particles are of a size from 3 nm to 12 nm. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, and molybdenum. ndex of 70% or more, which comprises: (1) a drug, wherein the amount of said drug is not more than 85% by weight based on the total preparation, (2) a polyethylene glycol which has a solubility such that the volume of water required for dissolving 1 gram of said polyethylene glycol is not more than 5 ml, and wherein the amount of said polyethylene glycol is from 5 to 80% by weight based on the total preparation, and (3) a polyethylene oxide having a viscosity of not less than 1000 cps as measured at 1% concentration in water at 25° C., wherein the amount of said polyethylene oxide is from 10 to 95% by weight based on the total preparation and not less than 70 mg per one preparation.