초록 ▼

A method and apparatus for installing backing in walls which include a first, second and third upright U-shaped stud. A first backing member has a first end, a second end, a top, a bottom, a first side and a second side. The first backing member is disposed between the first and second studs. A seco

A method and apparatus for installing backing in walls which include a first, second and third upright U-shaped stud. A first backing member has a first end, a second end, a top, a bottom, a first side and a second side. The first backing member is disposed between the first and second studs. A second backing member has a first end, a second end, a top, a bottom, a first side and a second side. The second backing member is disposed between said second and third studs. A hinge is operatively attached to the first side of the first and second backing members for permitting the second backing member to pivot with respect the first backing member between a first position wherein the first side of each of the first and second backing members are substantially in the same plane and a second position whereby the first and second backing members are not in the same plane. This permits the first backing member to be placed between a first and second adjacent vertical stud. Then the second backing member is pivoted with respect to the first backing member. After that, the second backing member is pivoted to a position to be disposed between the second vertical stud and the third stud which is adjacent to said second stud, whereby the second end of the first backing member is adjacent to and on one side of the first stud and the first end of the second backing member is adjacent to and on the other side of the first stud. More than two backing members can be tied together with a hinge if desired.

대표청구항 ▼

A method and apparatus for installing backing in walls which include a first, second and third upright U-shaped stud. A first backing member has a first end, a second end, a top, a bottom, a first side and a second side. The first backing member is disposed between the first and second studs. A seco

A method and apparatus for installing backing in walls which include a first, second and third upright U-shaped stud. A first backing member has a first end, a second end, a top, a bottom, a first side and a second side. The first backing member is disposed between the first and second studs. A second backing member has a first end, a second end, a top, a bottom, a first side and a second side. The second backing member is disposed between said second and third studs. A hinge is operatively attached to the first side of the first and second backing members for permitting the second backing member to pivot with respect the first backing member between a first position wherein the first side of each of the first and second backing members are substantially in the same plane and a second position whereby the first and second backing members are not in the same plane. This permits the first backing member to be placed between a first and second adjacent vertical stud. Then the second backing member is pivoted with respect to the first backing member. After that, the second backing member is pivoted to a position to be disposed between the second vertical stud and the third stud which is adjacent to said second stud, whereby the second end of the first backing member is adjacent to and on one side of the first stud and the first end of the second backing member is adjacent to and on the other side of the first stud. More than two backing members can be tied together with a hinge if desired. oftware", Feb. 2000, Busines Wire.* "Thomson Aligns with PhotoAccess.com to Provide New RCA Digital Camera Owners with Internet Photo Processing", Jan. 2000, Business Wire.* "PhotoAccess.com Launches New Web Site That Offers Digital Camera Users Photographic Prints With Just a Few Click", Dec. 1999, Business Wire. recording a rewriting rule compliant with at least one kind of natural language, which is referred to for mutually converting between representation in the natural language and representation in universal language, which can be handled by a computer, wherein the rewriting rule has: a universal language dictionary for defining natural language elements constructing natural language by universal language elements constructing universal language, which correspond to information that each of natural language elements has; and rewriting rules for stipulating a joint relation between the universal language elements arranged in accordance with a sentence construction in natural language and for representing the join relation in a binary relation including two universal elements and a relation indicating that they have a certain relation, and wherein the universal language dictionary includes a collection of universal language elements represented by symbols used in universal language compliant with components in natural language, and a sentence element symbol indicating which of corresponding sentence elements in natural language corresponds to each of the universal language element is added to each universal language element. 7. A recording medium according to claim 6, wherein the universal language dictionary records universal language corresponding to components in natural language in form of: X("Y"),Z where a component in natural language is written for X, at least one of information defining a meaning indicated by the component written for the above-mentioned X and information defining an evaluation for the component written for the above-mentioned X is written for Y, and a sentence element symbol, which indicates which of sentence elements corresponds to the component written for the above-mentioned X, is written for Z. 8. A recording medium according to either claim 6 or 7, wherein each of universal words constructing the universal language elements is defined by: a character string representing itself: a constraint list listing one or more constraints defined by universal words, respectively, when there are one or more constraints for the universal word; a universal word ID for identifying the universal word when one or more of the other universal words are used for defining the universal word; and an attribute list listing one or more attributers defined by universal words, respectively when one or more attributers are specified for the universal word, and the universal words are recorded in form of: ::=[] /220; US-5706402, 19980100, Bell, 706/022; US-5717824, 19980200, Chhatwal, 704/220; US-6014618, 20000100, Patel et al., 704/220; US-6073092, 20000600, Kwon, 704/219; US-6243674, 20010600, Yu, 704/221 The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a normalizer which normalizes said spectrum and replaces the previous spectrum with the normalized spectrum. 8. A recording medium readable by a computer, storing a program therein for causing a computer to act as an apparatus for detecting an integrated circuit in failure among integrated circuits, based on spectrum which is a result of analyzing a frequency of a current running through an integrated circuit when a test signal is applied to said integrated circuit, without preparing data of an integrated circuit in no failure, as a reference, said apparatus comprising: (a) a tester which tests an integrated circuit to judge whether said integrated circuit is in failure or not; (b) a spectrum measurement unit which measures spectrum of said integrated circuit; (c) a first memory storing said spectrum therein; (d) a calculator calculating both a mean value and standard deviation of spectrum of all integrated circuits under test, based on said spectrum stored in said first memory; and (e) a controller which judges whether an integrated circuit among said integrated circuits in failure or not based on both said mean value and said standard deviation of said spectrum. 9. The recording medium as set forth in claim 8, wherein said controller judges whether an integrated circuit is in failure or in no failure, based on comparison between a value defined as G/SD and a threshold value, wherein G indicates a gap between said spectrum and said mean value, and SD indicates said standard deviation. 10. The recording medium as set forth in claim 9, wherein said controller judges that an integrated circuit having a maximum G/SD is in failure, when said standard deviation is greater than said threshold value. 11. The recording medium as set forth in claim 10, wherein said apparatus further includes a normalizer which normalizes said spectrum and replaces the previous spectrum with the normalized spectrum. 12. The recording medium as set forth in claim 9, wherein said controller judges an integrated circuit to be in failure, if said value is greater than said threshold value, and judges an integrated circuit to be in no failure, if said value is equal to or smaller than said threshold value. 13. The recording medium as set forth in claim 9, wherein said apparatus further includes a second memory in which said threshold value is to be stored. 14. The recording medium as set forth in claim 8, wherein said apparatus further includes a normalizer which normalizes said spectrum and replaces the previous spectrum with the normalized spectrum. 15. A recording medium readable by a computer, storing a program therein for causing a computer to carry out a method of detecting an integrated circuit in failure among integrated circuits, based on spectrum which is a result of analyzing a frequency of a current running through an integrated circuit when a test signal is applied to said integrated circuit, without preparing data of an integrated circuit in no failure, as a reference, said method comprising the steps of: (a) assuming that all integrated circuits under test define a under-test integrated circuit set, and testing each one of said integrated circuits in said under-test integrated circuit set to judge if any of one of said integrated circuits is in failure; (b) modifying said under-test integrated circuit set by removing integrated circuits having been judged to be in failure in said step (a), from said under-test integrated circuit set; (c) measuring spectrum of a current associated with each one of said integrated circuits in said under-test integrated circuit set modified in step (b); (d) calculating both a mean value and standard deviation of said spectrum for said under-test integrated circuit set modified in step (b); (e) judging whether an integrated circuit in said under-test integrated circuit set modified in step (b) is in failure or not failure, based on both sai