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A process and apparatus for indirectly exchanging heat with narrow channel in a heat exchange type reaction zone uses manifold space to interconnect the common ends of channels and to provide controlled distribution of additional reactants. The invention simplifies the operation and construction of

A process and apparatus for indirectly exchanging heat with narrow channel in a heat exchange type reaction zone uses manifold space to interconnect the common ends of channels and to provide controlled distribution of additional reactants. The invention simplifies the operation and construction of the heat exchanging type reaction zone by directly communicating reaction channels and/or heating channels with a manifold located at the end of the channels. The manifold can provides the extra function of mixing additional reactants. The invention promotes simplified intermediate injection of reactants over tube and shell heat transfer arrangements that have been used for similar purposes. Improved process control has particular benefits for exothermic reactions. The narrow channels are preferably defined by corrugated plates. The reaction channels will contain a catalyst for the promotion of the primary reaction.

대표청구항 ▼

A process and apparatus for indirectly exchanging heat with narrow channel in a heat exchange type reaction zone uses manifold space to interconnect the common ends of channels and to provide controlled distribution of additional reactants. The invention simplifies the operation and construction of

A process and apparatus for indirectly exchanging heat with narrow channel in a heat exchange type reaction zone uses manifold space to interconnect the common ends of channels and to provide controlled distribution of additional reactants. The invention simplifies the operation and construction of the heat exchanging type reaction zone by directly communicating reaction channels and/or heating channels with a manifold located at the end of the channels. The manifold can provides the extra function of mixing additional reactants. The invention promotes simplified intermediate injection of reactants over tube and shell heat transfer arrangements that have been used for similar purposes. Improved process control has particular benefits for exothermic reactions. The narrow channels are preferably defined by corrugated plates. The reaction channels will contain a catalyst for the promotion of the primary reaction. n an inert support. 11. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said catalyst comprises 5-15% weight nickel deposited on an inert support. 12. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one line for supplying hydrogen to said at least one selective hydrogenation reactor is in fluid communication with said at least one line for introducing a feed. 13. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one selective hydrogenation reactor contains two catalytic zones and a second line for supplying hydrogen to said at least one selective hydrogenation reactor, wherein said second line for supplying hydrogen is connected to said at least one selective hydrogenation reactor at a point between said two catalytic zones. 14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one sweetening reactor is in fluid communication with a source of an aqueous solution of an alkaline base containing a metal chelate catalyst via said at least one oxidizing agent supply line. 15. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one sweetening reactor contains a supported catalyst comprising a metal chelate. 16. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said metal chelate is a metal phthalocianine. 17. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one sweetening reactor contains a porous catalyst comprising 10-98 wt % of at least one solid mineral phase constituted by an alkaline aluminosilicate having an Si/Al atomic ratio of 5 or less, 1-6 wt % of activated charcoal, 0.02-2 wt % of at least one metal chelate, and 0-20 wt % of at least one mineral or organic binder. 18. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said metal chelate is a metal phthalocianine. -molding die; wherein filling of the cavity of the injection-molding die with plastic melt according to step a) is effected so that the injection-molding die cavity is filled completely volumetrically with plastic melt, and liquid is used as fluid, which according to step b) is injected into the still molten plastic material; and wherein during or after step b) and before step c), compressed gas is introduced into the at least one cavity formed by the liquid in the molded part, and during process step b), some of the still molten plastic material is displaced from the cavity into a spillover cavity. 2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the flow of plastic material from the cavity into the side cavity is controlled by valve means, which are opened or closed according to a temporal model. 3. Process according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is injected into the cavity along the melt flow path through a sprue region. 4. Process according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is injected into the cavity directly by means of at least one injection nozzle. 5. Process according to claim 4, wherein some of the plastic material situated in the cavity is driven back out from the cavity during step b) by the injected liquid in the direction of the injection unit. 6. Process according to claim 1, wherein a pressure which is increased with respect to the ambient pressure is built up in the cavity by introducing a gas before injection of the thermoplastic plastic melt according to step a). 7. Process according to claim 6, wherein the gas pressure during step a) is controlled and/or regulated according to a pressure or time profile. 8. Process according to claim 7, wherein the gas pressure is controlled or regulated as a function of how the injection pressure of the melt increases during step a). 9. Process according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is tempered before injection into the still molten plastic material according to step a). 10. Process according to claim 9, wherein the liquid is cooled to a preset temperature range. 11. Process according to claim 10, wherein the preset temperature range lies between about -20° C. and +20° C. 12. Process according to claim 10, wherein the preset temperature range lies between about 4° C. and 15° C. 13. Process according to claim 10, wherein the preset temperature range lies between about -150° C. and -20° C., and wherein a liquefied gas is added as the liquid. 14. Process according to claim 10, the preset temperature range lies between about -60° C. to -40° C. 15. Process according to claim 10, the preset temperature range lies between about 20° C. and 150° C. 16. Process according to claim 10, the preset temperature range lies between about 45° C. and 100° C. 17. Process according to claim 1, wherein after step c) and before step d), the following process step is executed: c') injection of compressed gas, along the path, through which the liquid was injected into the plastic material, and blowing-off of the liquid from the cavity of the molded part a least one blow-off point, which is situated at a point, which is remote from the addition point of the liquid. 18. Process according to claim 17, wherein the compressed gas includes compressed air. 19. Process according to claim 17, wherein the blow-off point is arranged in the region of the flow path end of the plastic material. 20. Process according to claim 1, wherein after step c) and before step d), the following process step is executed: c") injection of compressed gas, at a gas addition point which is remote from the point at which the liquid was injected into the plastic material, and blowing-off of the liquid from the cavity of the molded part via the point at which the liquid was injected into the plastic material. 21. Process according to claim 20, wherein the compressed gas in step c" includes compressed air. 22. Process according to claim 1, wherein after step c) and before step d), the following process step is exec