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Provided is a cooling apparatus for feeding liquid coolant to electronic elements as heat generating elements in an electronic system through a cooling pipe. The cooling pipe is in part flattened so as to form flattened portion which is made into contact with the electronic parts for cooling the lat

Provided is a cooling apparatus for feeding liquid coolant to electronic elements as heat generating elements in an electronic system through a cooling pipe. The cooling pipe is in part flattened so as to form flattened portion which is made into contact with the electronic parts for cooling the latter. With this arrangement, the pipe line working is simplified while the number of joint parts in the pipe line is decreased so as to prevent leakage of the liquid coolant. Further, the heat-exchange capacity of a heat-exchanger unit is controlled in accordance with an atmospheric temperature, a temperature in the electronic system and a temperature of the liquid coolant in order to aim at preventing occurrence of freezing or dewing while enhancing the operating efficiency. Further, in an electronic apparatus having two electronic systems, a liquid coolant tank is commonly used for two electronic systems in order to prevent occurrence of dewing or freezing in a cooling system for the electronic system on resting.

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Provided is a cooling apparatus for feeding liquid coolant to electronic elements as heat generating elements in an electronic system through a cooling pipe. The cooling pipe is in part flattened so as to form flattened portion which is made into contact with the electronic parts for cooling the lat

Provided is a cooling apparatus for feeding liquid coolant to electronic elements as heat generating elements in an electronic system through a cooling pipe. The cooling pipe is in part flattened so as to form flattened portion which is made into contact with the electronic parts for cooling the latter. With this arrangement, the pipe line working is simplified while the number of joint parts in the pipe line is decreased so as to prevent leakage of the liquid coolant. Further, the heat-exchange capacity of a heat-exchanger unit is controlled in accordance with an atmospheric temperature, a temperature in the electronic system and a temperature of the liquid coolant in order to aim at preventing occurrence of freezing or dewing while enhancing the operating efficiency. Further, in an electronic apparatus having two electronic systems, a liquid coolant tank is commonly used for two electronic systems in order to prevent occurrence of dewing or freezing in a cooling system for the electronic system on resting. 0, Stunkel et al., 248/231.31; US-6591001, 20030700, Oda et al., 382/117 pacitors depend on the thicknesses of the dielectric layers in the unit capacitors. 16. The multi-layer capacitor of claim 4, wherein the differences in electrostatic capacitances of the unit capacitors depend on the dielectric constants and the thicknesses of the dielectric layers in the unit capacitors. 17. A method for manufacturing a multi-layer capacitor comprising the steps of: preparing green sheets; forming internal electrode layers on the green sheets; laminating and pressing the green sheets with the internal electrode layers formed thereon to thereby provide an unsintered stack of vertically stacked unit capacitors, the stack having two opposite end surfaces; sintering the unsintered stack; and forming external electrodes on the two opposite end surfaces, wherein the pressure employed in pressing the green sheets forming the unit capacitor located at a center of the stack is higher than those employed in pressing the green sheets forming the unit capacitors located at a top end and a bottom end of the stack. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the pressing pressures monotonously increase from the bottom end to the center of the stack, and then monotonously decrease from the center to the top end of the stack during the laminating and pressing step. 19. A method for manufacturing a multi-layer capacitor comprising the steps of: preparing green sheets; forming internal electrode layers on the green sheets; laminating and compressing the green sheets with the internal electrode layers formed thereon to thereby provide an unsintered stack of vertically stacked unit capacitors, the stack having two opposite end surfaces; sintering the unsintered stack; and forming external electrodes on the two opposite end surfaces, wherein the dielectric constant of the green sheet forming the unit capacitor located at a center of the stack is higher than those of the green sheets forming the unit capacitors located at a top end and a bottom end of the stacks. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the dielectric constants of the green sheets forming the unit capacitors monotonously increase from the ends to the center of the stack.