최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
DataON 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Edison 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0841445 (2001-04-24) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 227 인용 특허 : 276 |
A coal formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2,and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A high hydrogen part
A coal formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2,and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A high hydrogen partial pressure within the formation may allow for hydrogenation of formation fluid within the formation. In addition, hydrogen, from produced formation fluid or from another source, may be used to hydrogenate produced fluid in a surface hydrogenation unit. The mixture produced from the formation may have a relatively high hydrogen partial pressure, and a large portion of the pressure within the formation may be attributable to hydrogen partial pressure.
A coal formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2,and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A high hydrogen part
A coal formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2,and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A high hydrogen partial pressure within the formation may allow for hydrogenation of formation fluid within the formation. In addition, hydrogen, from produced formation fluid or from another source, may be used to hydrogenate produced fluid in a surface hydrogenation unit. The mixture produced from the formation may have a relatively high hydrogen partial pressure, and a large portion of the pressure within the formation may be attributable to hydrogen partial pressure. rt device according to claim 2, wherein said annular engaging portion is formed by an annular protruding portion. 7. A support device according to claim 3, wherein said annular engaging portion is formed by an annular protruding portion. 8. A support device according to claim 1, wherein said washer is attached to the supported portion of the rocker arm, and wherein at least part of said engaging piece is orthogonal to an axis of the rocker arm, and at the same time arranged at a location closer to a center of the supported portion than a plane passing on an outer end of an abutment portion of the rocker arm where the rocker arm is in abutment with the engine valve. 9. A support device according to claim 2, wherein said washer is attached to the supported portion of the rocker arm, and wherein at least part of said engaging piece is orthogonal to an axis of the rocker arm, and at the same time arranged at a location closer to a center of the supported portion than a plane passing on an outer end of an abutment portion of the rocker arm where the rocker arm is in abutment with the engine valve. 10. A support device according to claim 3, wherein said washer is attached to the supported portion of the rocker arm, and wherein at least part of said engaging piece is orthogonal to an axis of the rocker arm, and at the same time arranged at a location closer to a center of the supported portion than a plane passing on an outer end of an abutment portion of the rocker arm where the rocker arm is in abutment with the engine valve. 11. A support device according to claim 5, wherein said washer is attached to the supported portion of the rocker arm, and wherein at least part of said engaging piece is orthogonal to an axis of the rocker arm, and at the same time arranged at a location closer to a center of the supported portion than a plane passing on an outer end of an abutment portion of the rocker arm where the rocker arm is in abutment with the engine valve. 12. A support device according to claim 1, wherein said washer is attached to an end of the one of said shaft holders opposed to the rocker arm out of the respective opposed ends of the supported portion of the rocker arm and one of said shaft holders, and wherein said annular protruding portion is formed at said end of the one of said shaft holders. 13. A support device according to claim 1, wherein the supported portion is formed with a projection corresponding to an overflow port used during casting of said rocker arm. 14. A support device according to claim 13, wherein said projection is formed on a flat surface of the supported portion radially inwardly offset from other peripheral portions of the supported portion. 15. A support device according to claim 1, wherein said washer comprises an annular portion having a central portion formed with a shaft hole through which said rocker shaft extends, and a plurality of said engaging pieces which extend from an outer periphery of said annular portion, and wherein each of said engaging pieces comprises a perpendicular portion shortly extending perpendicularly from said annular portion and a curved portion having a semi-circular shape and extending inwardly from said perpendicular portion. 16. A support device according to claim 15, wherein said washer is attached to the supported portion of the rocker arm, and wherein the supported portion has an outer peripheral surface formed with an annular concave portion which is adjacent to said annular protruding portion and with which said curved portion of said engaging piece is engaged. 3/295; US-5755207, 19980500, Kushibe, 123/478; US-5762040, 19980600, Taipale et al., 123/299; US-5791304, 19980800, Taipale, 123/073.C; US-5881694, 19990300, Nakada, 123/305; US-5884611, 19990300, Tarr et al., 123/531; US-5924404, 19990700, Ruman et al., 123/406.18; US-5941207, 19990800, Anderson et al., 123/295; US-5983853, 19991100, Roessler et al., 123/295; US-6009851, 20000100, Iida et al., 123/339.12; US-6024064, 20000200, Kato et al., 123/179.17; US-6032562, 20000300, Brunson et al., 083/471.3; US-6035830, 20000300, Saito, 123/457; US-6050232, 20000400, Grob et al., 123/179.16; US-6062201, 20000500, Nozawa et al., 123/478; US-6138637, 20001000, Bubeck, 123/295; US-6148792, 20001100, Hei Ma, 123/298; US-6227164, 20010500, Miller, 123/298; US-6227174, 20010500, Hedrick et al., 123/495; US-6230688, 20010500, Faix et al., 123/495; US-6273056, 20010800, Shirakawa et al., 123/305; US-6334427, 20020100, Nakayama et al., 123/305; US-6386175, 20020500, Yang, 123/298; US-6439190, 20020800, Bochum, 123/295; US-6450417, 20020900, Gipson et al., 239/005; US-6478007, 20021100, Miyashita et al., 123/295; US-6497217, 20021200, Kojima, 123/456; US-20010011537, 20010800, Joos et al., 123/497; US-20020000209, 20020100, Ando et al., 123/021; US-20020043240, 20020400, Samenfink et al., 123/298 ming a sessile marine organism intended for extraction of a marine pharmaceutical, which method comprises positioning a plurality of like substrates in sea water, transplanting the organism onto the substrates, growing the organism on the plurality of substrates, and harvesting the grown organism. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein individual organisms are transplanted onto the substrates. 7. A method according to claim 5, wherein fragments of organisms are transplanted onto the substrates. 8. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the substrates are provided by cables, ropes, meshes, nets, rods, planks, cages, and baskets for direct fixing of the organism. 9. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein submerged structures comprising the substrates are maintained between bottom anchorage devices and flotation devices. 10. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein submerged structures comprising the substrates are maintained between sides of a natural or artificial basin. 11. A device for culturing of sessile marine organisms which comprises a support frame and flotation structure, attachment guides, substrates for securing to the attachment guides, a fixation and anchorage system, and optionally a shade. 12. A device for growing sessile marine organisms on substrates, comprising arrays of vertically extending substrates each attached to a respective one of an array of horizontal attachment guides secured to and supported by a support flotation frame provided with an anchoring system or a mooring system, and optionally having a shade to reduce light incident on the substrates. 13. A device for growing sessile marine organisms on substrates, comprising arrays of substrates forming an attachment and growth structure secured to a support flotation system provided with an anchoring system or a mooring system. 14. A method of growing Ecteinascidia turbinata by transplanting fragments of colonies of the organism to a substrate using as substrate and support a device comprising of lengths of an approximately 0.5 to 4 m wide plastic mesh with holes between 2 and 8 cm kept entirely submerged by anchorage to the bottom of a shallow coastal lagoon and held approximately vertically by flotation devices. 15. A method of capturing Ecteinascidia turbinata larvae onto 0.2-2 m lengths of ropes or wooden rods using a device comprising of a flotation frame, approximately 1-2 m by 3-6 m with a shade onto which the ropes or wooden rods are affixed and maintained horizontally or vertically submerged in the water in proximity to colonies of the organism until larvae attach to them so that adult colonies can later be grown from these ropes or rods so seeded. 16. A method of growing Ecteinascidia turbinata by implanting fragments of colonies onto 0.2-2 m lengths of ropes or wooden rods using a device comprising of a floating frame approximately 1-2 m by 3-6 m with a shade from which the ropes or wooden rods with attached colonies can hang vertically submerged in water for growth of the organism. 17. A method of farming a marine sessile organism that is Ecteinascidia turbinata intended for extraction of a marine pharmaceutical, which method comprises positioning a plurality of like substrates in sea water, seeding the substrates with Ecteinascidia turbinata organism, growing the organism on the plurality of substrates and harvesting the grown organism. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said seeding of substrates is carried out by contacting larvae of said organism Ecteinascidia turbinata with said substrates. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein said seeding of substrates is carried out by transplanting said Ecteinascidia turbinata organism on to said substrates. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said seeding of substrates is carried out by transplanting fragments of colonies of said Ecteinascidia turbinata organism on to said substrates. he engine having at least one cylinder, the engine also having an intake manifold and an outlet control device for controlling flow from the intake manifold into the cylinder and an inlet control device for controlling flow into the intake manifold, comprising: generating a desired cylinder air amount; and adjusting both the inlet control device and the outlet control device to provide said desired cylinder air amount. 2. A system for controlling airflow into an engine having at least one cylinder, the engine coupled to an intake manifold having at least an inlet and an outlet, the system comprising: an outlet control device coupled to the manifold outlet that affects flow from the intake manifold into the cylinder of the engine; an inlet control device coupled to the manifold inlet that affects flow into the intake manifold; and a controller for generating a desired flow into the cylinder; and adjusting at least said outlet control device to provide said desired flow into the cylinder; and wherein said controller further adjusts said inlet control device. 3. A system for controlling airflow into an engine having at least one cylinder, the engine coupled to an intake manifold, the system comprising: an outlet control device that affects flow from the intake manifold into the cylinder of the engine, said device being at least one of an intake valve or an exhaust valve of the cylinder; an electronically controlled throttle valve that affects flow into the intake manifold; and a controller for generating a desired flow into the cylinder; adjusting said outlet control device to provide said desired flow into the cylinder; and adjusting said inlet control device based at least on an operating condition. 4. A system for controlling airflow into an engine having at least one cylinder, the engine coupled to an intake manifold, the system comprising: an outlet control device that affects flow from the intake manifold into the cylinder of the engine, said device being an intake valve of the cylinder; an electronically controlled throttle valve that affects flow into the intake manifold; a controller for generating a desired flow into the cylinder, adjusting both said electronically controlled throttle valve and said outlet control device to provide said desired flow into the cylinder, and adjusting fuel injection into the engine based at least on an operating condition, said engine combusting a mixture of said airflow and fuel; and an emission control device coupled to the engine for treating said combusted mixture. claim 1, wherein the needle is a hollow needle. 3. The sewing cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the hollow needle has a hole that a thread is fed therein and drawn to the outside of the hollow needle from a lower end of the hollow needle. 4. The sewing cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the sewing cartridge is structured from a first portion provided away from the workpiece and a second portion provided adjacent to the workpiece with a plane including a boundary dividing the sewing cartridge into the first and second portions transversing a direction that the needle passes through the workpiece, and each of the first and second portions can take an open position and a closed position in relation to each other, the sewing cartridge further comprising a movable member that can move between a first position where the first portion and the second portion are retained in the closed position and a second position where the first portion and the second portion are allowed to move to the open position. 5. The sewing cartridge according to claim 4, further comprising an urging member that urges the movable member to be placed in the first position. 6. The sewing cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the first portion guides the thread in a path for supplying the thread and includes a thread take-up that changes a length of the thread path to the needle, and the thread take-up operates in associated with the opening and closing of the first portion and the second portion. 7. The sewing cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the sewing cartridge is detachably attached to a driving member of the sewing apparatus and performs the sewing on the workpiece by passing the needle through the workpiece associated with a movement of the driving member, the sewing cartridge further comprising a switching member that switches the movable member from the first position and the second position, wherein the switching member is operated by an operating member provided on a driving member side and switches the movable member to the second position when the sewing cartridge is attached to the driving member. 8. The sewing cartridge according to claim 7, wherein the movable member retains the first portion and the second portion in the closed position while retaining the guard member in the guard position when the movable member is in the first position, and the movable member allows the first portion and the second portion to move to the open position while allowing the guard member to move to the retracted position where the needle is allowed to pass through the workpiece when the movable member is in the second position. 9. The sewing cartridge according to claim 4, further comprising a guard movable member that can move between a non-operation position where the guard member is retained in the guard position in which the guard member guards the tip of the needle and an operation position where the guard member is retained in the retracted position in which the tip of the needle is exposed from the sewing cartridge. 10. The sewing cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the movable guard member moves in up and down directions. 11. The sewing cartridge according to claim 10 , wherein the needle is a hollow needle which has a hole extending substantially throughout the hollow needle and in the up and down directions. 12. The sewing cartridge according to claim 1, further comprising a thread supply portion that supplies a thread for sewing. 13. The sewing cartridge according to claim 12, further comprising: a thread take-up that guides the thread between the needle and the thread supply portion; and a thread take-up actuating mechanism that changes a length of a thread path between the thread supply portion and the needle, in association with a sewing position, during sewing. 14. The sewing cartridge according to claim 12, further comprising a restricting device that restricts drawing of the thread from the thread supply portion while the sewing cartridge is separated from the sewing apparatus. 15. The sewing cartridge according to claim 14, further comprising a releasing device that releases a restriction affected by the restricting device when the sewing cartridge is attached to the sewing apparatus. 16. The sewing cartridge according to claim 12, further comprising: a remaining amount visually recognizing portion through which a remaining amount of the thread housed in the thread supply portion can be visually recognized from outside of the sewing cartridge; and a thread color indicating portion that indicates a color that is substantially the same as the thread housed in the thread supply portion. 17. The sewing cartridge according to claim 12, wherein the thread supply portion includes a spool housing portion that houses a spool around which the thread is wound, the sewing cartridge further comprising: a rotational resistance applying device that applies resistance against a rotation of a supply direction of the thread wound around the spool housed in the thread housing portion; and a backflow preventive device that prevents the thread from being wound in reverse to a thread supply portion side from a needle side by which resistance to restrict the feeding of the thread is applied to the thread extending from the spool to the needle. 18. The sewing cartridge according to claim 17, wherein the sewing apparatus performs sewing by which the needle is passed through the workpiece to leave the thread in the workpiece by a holding force produced by elasticity of the workpiece, and wherein the thread is left in the workpiece by which resistance to draw the thread in the thread supply direction by the rotational resistance applying device and the backflow preventive device is smaller than the holding force. 19. The sewing cartridge according to claim 17, wherein the backflow preventive device has two backflow preventive members constituting a thread passing portion that is an extremely small clearance through which the thread extending from the spool is passed and that applies a frictional resistance to the thread, and wherein the thread passing portion is structured by forming a recess to at least one of the backflow preventive members. 20. The sewing cartridge according to claim 19, wherein the two backflow preventive members comprise a shaft-like member and a leaf spring member. 21. The sewing cartridge according to claim 10, wherein the shaft-like member is formed with an annular recess along its periphery. 22. The sewing cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the needle is provided so that the tip side of the needle protrudes from the sewing cartridge and the guard member is structured to be movable between a guard position where the guard member guards the needle and a retracted position where the guard member retracts from the guard position and allows the needle to pass through the workpiece. 23. The sewing cartridge according to claim 22, further comprising an urging device that urges the guard member toward the guard position. 24. The sewing cartridge according to claim 22, further comprising a movement prohibiting device that prohibits the guard member when placed in the guard position from moving therefrom. 25. The sewing cartridge according to claim 24, wherein the movement prohibiting device prohibits the guard member placed in the guard position from moving therefrom while the sewing cartridge is removed from the sewing apparatus and allows the guard member to move from the guard position when the sewing cartridge is attached to the sewing apparatus. 26. The sewing cartridge according to claim 23, wherein the guard member includes a presser foot portion that holds the workpiece, and wherein the urging member urges the guard member toward a direction of pressing the workpiece when the sewing cartridge is attached to the sewing apparatus. 27. The sewing cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the guard member includes a presser foot portion that holds the workpiece when the sewing cartridge is attached to the sewing apparatus, the sewing cartridge further comprising a presser foot urging mechanism that elastically urges the presser foot portion in a direction of pressing the workpiece. 28. A sewing cartridge detachably attached to a sewing apparatus that performs sewing on a workpiece, comprising: a needle for sewing, the tip of the needle exposed from the sewing cartridge; and a presser foot member that holds the workpiece when the sewing cartridge is attached to the sewing apparatus and sewing operation of the sewing apparatus is performed. passage across said cylinder wall and said said wall passage being divided into a plurality of wall passages, each of said plurality of wall passages laterally located with respect to said air-fuel inlet pipe; and an air-fuel inlet pipe directed at least partially obliquely downwards and through said cylinder wall. 13. The cylinder arrangement as recited in claim 12, wherein said plurality of wall passages is established by a partition located between at least two of said plurality of wall passages. 14. A cylinder arrangement for a two-stroke, crankcase scavenged internal combustion engine, said cylinder arrangement comprising: a cylinder defined by a peripheral cylinder wall and adapted for accommodating a reciprocating piston therein; a wall passage extending from an air inlet port, said air inlet port being located exteriorly to said cylinder wall, at least partially obliquely upwards and through said cylinder wall to an air connecting port located interiorly to said cylinder wall, said wall passage providing a fluid flow passage across said cylinder wall, and wherein said wall passage is partitioned into a plurality of wall passages, each of said wall passages extending at least partially obliquely upwards and through said cylinder wall. 15. A cylinder arrangement for a two-stroke, crankcase scavenged internal combustion engine, said cylinder arrangement comprising: a cylinder defined by a peripheral cylinder wall and adapted for accommodating a reciprocating piston therein; a wall passage extending from an air inlet port, said air inlet port being located exteriorly to said cylinder wall, at least partially obliquely upwards and through said cylinder wall to an air connecting port located interiorly to said cylinder wall, said wall passage providing a fluid flow passage across said cylinder wall; and a transfer port fluidly connectable to said air connecting port via a piston-ported air passage. 16. The cylinder arrangement as recited in claim 15, further comprising: said piston-ported air passage being formed in a piston located within said cylinder for reciprocating motion therein. 17. A cylinder arrangement for a two-stroke, crankcase scavenged internal combustion engine, said cylinder arrangement comprising: a cylinder defined by a peripheral cylinder wall and adapted for accommodating a reciprocating piston therein; and a pair of air inlet wall passages extending at least partially obliquely upwards and through said cylinder wall, one each of said pair of air inlet wall passages being located on either side of an air-fuel inlet pipe. 1200, Tsuzuku et al., 123/308; US-6055958, 20000500, Aoyama et al., 123/308; US-6155229, 20001200, Cantrell et al., 123/336; US-6170461, 20010100, Pursifull, 123/337; US-6176467, 20010100, Yamashita et al., 251/305; US-6394066, 20020500, Chou et al., 123/308; US-6543220, 20030400, Yoshida et al., 060/285
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