최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
DataON 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Edison 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0841293 (2001-04-24) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 233 인용 특허 : 275 |
A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. H
A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. Heating may be controlled such that at least a selected amount of a total organic carbon content of the hydrocarbon material in the formation may be converted into formation fluids.
A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. H
A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. Heating may be controlled such that at least a selected amount of a total organic carbon content of the hydrocarbon material in the formation may be converted into formation fluids. oor in the open position and having a stem attached thereto, the stem extending downwardly through said opening in the floor and into said bore and extending outwardly from said bottom end opening, whereby the stem engages the bottom well stop means when the plunger descends to the bottom of the well tubulars thereby pushing the stopper stem and the head upward, the first end of the head being seated against the roof to close the opening between the chamber and the inner passage, thereby obstructing a flow of well fluids and/or gases into the inner passage, said stopper being held against the roof by a build up of pressure below the stopper.3. The plunger of claim 2, wherein the end cap has a plurality of ports for the entry of well fluids and/or gases into the chamber, the ports having an inlet opening in the outside walls of the plunger body and an outlet opening in the walls of the chamber, with a passage between the inlet and the outlet ports, the ports being located below the chamber roof and connecting to the chamber.4. The plunger of claim 3, wherein the outlet openings of said ports in said end cap and are located above the first end of the stopper head when the stopper is in the open position and below the second end of the stopper head when the stopper is in the closed position.5. The plunger of claim 3, wherein the inner surface of the segments have at least one finger protruding radially inward toward said core, with at least one finger of each said segment cooperating to encircle the core and being separated from the core unless said at least one finger is pushed to its most inward position.6. The plunger of claim 5, wherein at least one finger has a flat bottom side and a flat top side, a curved concave inner surface, and first and second edges which are flat and angularly aligned with the first and second sides of the segment.7. The plunger of claim 5, having at least one circumferential groove on a surface of the core, wherein at least one finger is adjacent to said groove and fits into said at least one groove.8. The plunger of claim 7, wherein at least one said finger has a blind hole which accommodates a biasing means and has at least one groove with a blind hole which accommodates the same biasing means, said biasing means biasing the segment outwardly from the core.9. The plunger of claim 8, further comprising an upper and lower retaining ring, the upper retaining ring being adjacent to the top ends of the segments, and the lower retaining ring being adjacent to the bottom ends of the segments, said retaining rings limiting the outward radial movement of said segments.10. The plunger of claim 9, wherein the interface between at least one said finger and at least one said groove prevents detachment and loss of the segments and/or biasing means if a retaining ring fails.11. The plunger of claim 9, wherein the segments have a notch in the outer surface of the top end and a notch in the outer surface of the bottom end, and wherein the upper and lower retaining rings have a hollow inner circular surface and first and second ends, with the first end being placed opposite to the end of said segments and the second end of each retaining ring being positioned next to the notch of said segments, said second end having at least one downwardly projecting lug which fits into each said notch.12. The plunger of claim 7, wherein the segments have first and second sides with a tab or slot, the tab or slot being mutually engageable with the corresponding tab or slot in the sides of the adjacent segments to minimize leakage between the segments.13. The plunger of claim 7, wherein at least one outer edge of at least one of said grooves is angularly reduced to allow installation of the segments with a plurality of fingers underneath said retaining rings.14. The plunger of claim 3, having at least one circumferential groove on a surface of the core.15. The plunger of claim 2, wherein the top of the stopper head has a stem attac hed thereto, and wherein the stem is pushed up into the inner passage above said roof when the stopper is in the closed position.16. The plunger of claim 2, wherein a fishing part is attached to the top end of said body, the fishing part having an inner passage for the flow of fluids and/or gases.17. The plunger of claim 16, wherein the fishing part has an opening at the top end which connects to the inner passage and allows well fluids and/or gases to exit the inner passage when the stopper is in the open position.18. The plunger of claim 16, wherein a plurality of ports are disposed in the side walls of the fishing part, the ports having an inlet opening in the walls of the inner passage and an outlet opening in the sides of said fishing part and a passage between the inlet and outlet ports, said ports allowing well fluids and/or gases to exit the inner passage when the stopper is in the open position.19. The plunger of claim 2, wherein the well stop means is a lower well stop.20. The plunger of claim 1, having both fingers and grooves wherein said plurality of fingers and grooves creates a turbulent flow and a labyrinth type seal.21. The plunger of claim 20, wherein at least one outer edge of at least one of said grooves is angularly reduced to allow installation of the segments with a plurality of fingers underneath said retaining rings.22. A plunger for use in a gas/fluid lift system in down hole tubulars in a well having a bottom well stop means and producing fluids and/or gases under variable well pressures, comprising: a body slidingly engageable within the tubulars and capable of movement up and down said tubulars;said body having a top end, a bottom end, and an inner passage in said body for receiving well fluids and/or gases and enabling more rapid descent to said bottom well stop means;an inner core within the body for internal sealing;a chamber near the bottom end, said chamber having a roof at the upper end with an opening which communicates with said inner passage above said roof and a floor at the lower end with an opening which communicates with the bore below said floor, the bore extending downward through the bottom end and having an external opening at said bottom end;a closure means disposed inside said chamber, said closure means being moveable between an open and a closed position, said closure means resting on the floor in the open position and abutting the opening in said roof in the closed position, thereby obstructing a flow of well fluids and/or gases into inner passage, said closure means being held against the roof by a build up of pressure below said closure means;an external sealing means mounted about said core radially expandable to seal against the interior of said tubulars;a flow path for well fluids and/or gases between said core and the underside of said external sealing means;an internal sealing means disposed between or on the core and/or the underside of said external sealing means;said internal and external sealing means retarding a flow of well fluids and/or gases which thereby increases well pressure below the plunger to thereby move the plunger and well fluids to a well surface when the well pressure inside the tubulars above the plunger is reduced.23. The plunger of claim 22, wherein the means for closing the inner passage of the chamber is a plunger stopper, the stopper having a head, the head having a first end and a second end, the first end of the head resting against the roof in the closed position, the second end resting against the chamber floor in the open position and having a stem attached thereto, the stem extending downwardly through the opening in the floor and into the bore and extending outwardly from the bottom opening of the plunger, wherein the stopper stem is capable of being pushed upward so that the fi rst end of the head becomes seated against the roof to close the opening between the chamber and the inner passage, thereby obstructing flow of well fluids and/or gases into the inner passage.24. The plunger of claim 23, wherein the top of the stopper head has a stem attached thereto, and wherein the stem is pushed into the inner passage above said chamber when the stopper is in the closed position.25. The plunger of claim 23, having a plurality of ports in the bottom end for the entry of well fluids and/or gases into the chamber, the ports having an inlet opening in the outside walls of said bottom end and an outlet opening in the walls of said chamber and a passage between the inlet and the outlet ports, said ports being located below the chamber roof.26. The plunger of claim 25, wherein the placement of the outlet openings of said ports are above the first end of the stopper head when the stopper is in the open position and below the second end of the stopper head when the stopper is in the closed position.27. The plunger of claim 25, wherein the outlet openings of said ports in said chamber and are located above the first end of the stopper head when the stopper is in the open position and below the second end of the chamber when the stopper is in the closed position.28. The plunger of claim 27, further comprising a fishing part at or near the top of said plunger and a plurality of ports disposed in the side walls of the fishing part, the ports having an inlet opening in the walls of the inner passage and an outlet opening in the sides of said fishing part, said ports allowing well fluids and/or gases to exit the inner passage when the stopper is in the open position.29. The plunger of claim 23, wherein a fishing part is attached to the top end, the fishing part having an inner passage for the flow of fluids and/or gases.30. The plunger of claim 23, wherein the external sealing means comprises a plurality of segments mounted about said core, the segments having a convex outer surface and an inner surface, first and second sides, and top and bottom ends, the segments being slidingly and sealingly engageable with the tubulars based upon the pressure effected between the segments and the core.31. The plunger of claim 30, wherein the segments have first and second sides with a tab or slot, the tab or slot being mutually engageable with the corresponding tab or slot in the sides of the adjacent segments to minimize leakage between the segments.32. The plunger of claim 30, wherein the internal sealing means comprises at least one finger on the inner surface of each said segment protruding radially inward toward the core, with at least one finger of each said segment cooperating to encircle the core and being separated from the core unless said at least one finger is pushed to its most inward position.33. The plunger of claim 32, wherein at least one finger has a flat bottom side and a flat top side, a curved concave inner surface, and first and second edges which are flat and angularly aligned with the first and second sides of said segment.34. The plunger of claim 32, wherein the internal sealing means further comprises at least one circumferential groove on a surface of the core, and wherein at least one finger is adjacent to the groove and fits into at least one groove.35. The plunger of claim 34, further comprising at least one biasing means disposed between the external sealing means and the core and biasing the segment outwardly from the core.36. The plunger of claim 35, wherein the external sealing means further comprises retaining means which limits the outward radial movement of the external sealing means.37. The plunger of claim 36, wherein the retaining means is upper and lower retaining rings having a hollow inner surface, the upper retaining ring being adjacent to the top end of the segments, and the lower retaining ring being adjacent to the bottom ends of the segments.38. The plunger of claim 37, wherein at least one outer edge of at least one of said grooves is angularly reduced to allow installation of the segments with at least one finger underneath said retaining rings.39. The plunger of claim 35, further comprising an upper and lower retaining ring wherein the interface between at least one finger and at least one groove prevents detachment and loss of the segments and/or biasing means if a retaining ring fails.40. The plunger of claim 34, wherein at least one groove has at least one blind hole which accommodates a biasing means, and wherein at least one finger has a blind hole which accommodates the same biasing means, with the biasing means disposed between the groove and at least one finger, and biasing the segment outwardly from the core.41. The plunger of claim 40, wherein the biasing means comprises a spring.42. The plunger of claim 34, wherein the elevation of at least one finger is at least as great as the depth of at least one groove and/or the elevation of at least one finger is less than the depth of at least one groove.43. The plunger of claim 30, wherein the internal sealing means comprises at least one circumferential groove on a surface of the core. l resistance parameter for the underlayer is greater than about 0.5.21. The method of claim 13 in which the second polymeric material comprises, in polymerized form, about 35 to about 60 mol % of N-phenylmaleimide, about 15 to about 40 mol % of methacryamide, and about 10 to about 30 mol % of methacrylic acid.22. The method of claim 21 in which the first polymeric material is a novolac resin and the top layer additionally comprises a dissolution inhibitor.23. The method of claim 22 in which the third polymeric material is polyvinyl alcohol.24. The method of claim 13 in which the first polymeric material is a novolac resin, the top layer additionally comprises a dissolution inhibitor; and the developer is an aqueous alkaline developer.25. A method for forming an imageable element useful as a printing plate precursor, the method comprising the steps of: (a) forming an underlayer on the hydrophilic surface of a hydrophilic substrate; and(b) forming a top layer on the underlayer;in which:the top layer is formed by coating a first coating solution comprising a first coating solvent and a first polymeric material on the underl
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