초록 ▼

The present invention relates to a method of enhancing the flame retardancy of nitrogenous phosphorus and/or sulfonate flame retardants, the enhanced (or activated) nitrogenous phosphorus and/or sulfonate flame retardants and their applications. The activated flame retardants are activated with eith

The present invention relates to a method of enhancing the flame retardancy of nitrogenous phosphorus and/or sulfonate flame retardants, the enhanced (or activated) nitrogenous phosphorus and/or sulfonate flame retardants and their applications. The activated flame retardants are activated with either a char forming catalyst, a phase transfer catalyst or both.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention relates to a method of enhancing the flame retardancy of nitrogenous phosphorus and/or sulfonate flame retardants, the enhanced (or activated) nitrogenous phosphorus and/or sulfonate flame retardants and their applications. The activated flame retardants are activated with eith

The present invention relates to a method of enhancing the flame retardancy of nitrogenous phosphorus and/or sulfonate flame retardants, the enhanced (or activated) nitrogenous phosphorus and/or sulfonate flame retardants and their applications. The activated flame retardants are activated with either a char forming catalyst, a phase transfer catalyst or both. hollow pipe and allowing back wash reverse filtration with a back pressure higher than 0.05 MPa and not more than 0.3 MPa, comprising a step of introducing a washing liquid containing a chemical having a contaminant separating function or a sterilizing function from at least one end of said perforated hollow pipe and discharging the washing liquid derived from the outer peripheral surface of said perforated hollow pipe from at least one end of said spiral wound membrane element thereby performing back wash reverse filtration on said separation membrane with a back pressure higher than 0.05 MPa and not more than 0.3 MPa. 10. The method of washing a spiral wound membrane element according to claim 9, further comprising a step of regularly or periodically feeding a washing liquid containing a chemical from at least one end of said spiral wound membrane element in parallel with back wash reverse filtration performed by introducing the washing liquid containing a chemical from at least one opening end of said perforated hollow pipe.11. The method of washing a spiral wound membrane element according to claim 9, further comprising a step of soaking said spiral wound membrane element in said washing liquid containing a chemical.12. The method of washing a spiral wound membrane element according to claim 9, wherein said chemical is sodium hypochlorite, chloramine, hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, peracetic acid, isopropyl alcohol, oxalic acid or citric acid. 13. A method of washing a spiral wound membrane element, comprising an envelope separation membrane wound on the outer peripheral surface of a perforated hollow pipe and allowing back wash reverse filtration with a back pressure higher than 0.05 MPa and not more than 0.3 MPa, comprising a step of feeding a washing liquid containing a chemical having a contaminant separatiang function or a sterilizing function from at least one end of said spiral wound membrane element and axially feeding the washing liquid containing a chemical through said spiral wound membrane element. 14. The method of washing a spiral wound membrane element according to claim 13, further comprising a step of regularly or periodically feeding a washing liquid containing a chemical from at least one end of said spiral wound membrane element in parallel with back wash reverse filtration performed by introducing the washing liquid containing a chemical from at least one opening end of said perforated hollow pipe.15. A method running a spiral wound membrane module, comprising a pressure vessel having a raw liquid inlet and one or a plurality of spiral wound membrane elements stored in said pressure vessel, each spiral wound membrane element comprising an envelope separation membrane wound on the outer peripheral surface of a perforated hollow pipe and allowing back wash reverse filtration with a back pressure higher than 0.05 MPa and not more than 0.3 MPa, comprising a step of feeding a raw liquid containing a chemical having a contaminant separating function or a sterilizing function from at least one end of said spiral wound membrane element through said raw liquid inlet of said pressure vessel and taking out a permeated liquid from at least one opening end of said perforated hollow pipe in running. 16. A method of washing a spiral wound membrane module, comprising a pressure vessel and one or a plurality of spiral wound membrane elements stored in said pressure vessel, each spiral wound membrane element comprising an envelope separation membrane wound on the outer peripheral surface of a perforated hollow pipe and allowing back wash reverse filtration with a back pressure higher than 0.05 MPa and not more than 0.3 MPa, comprising a step of introducing a washing liquid containing a chemical having a contaminant separating function or a sterilizing function from at least one opening end of said perforated hollow pipe and discharging the washing liquid