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A portable oxidant generator for generating a chlorine or chlor-oxygen solution suitable for sterilizing contaminated drinking water, thereby providing a water disinfection system and potable water. The oxidant generator includes an electrolytic chamber and a power supply or source. The chamber hold

A portable oxidant generator for generating a chlorine or chlor-oxygen solution suitable for sterilizing contaminated drinking water, thereby providing a water disinfection system and potable water. The oxidant generator includes an electrolytic chamber and a power supply or source. The chamber holds a salt brine solution such that the solution is in contact with an anode and cathode included in the chamber. The power supply provides electrical charge that is passed between the anode and cathode through the salt brine solution. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a combination manual pump/switch is activated and injects electrolyte into the cell chamber and electrolyzes the solution. In one embodiment, as electrolysis proceeds, hydrogen gas is liberated and causes a gas pressure within the cell chamber thereby forcing the freshly generated oxidant solution from the cell. In another embodiment, as electrolysis proceeds, hydrogen gas is liberated and causes gas pressure within the sealed cell chamber which acts against a spring loaded piston thereby increasing the chamber volume to minimize pressure buildup, and to maintain the electrolyte in contact with the anode and cathode throughout the electrolysis process irrespective of the orientation of the device. When electrolysis is complete, an electric valve is actuated that allows the freshly produced oxidant to be discharged in to the drinking container to provide disinfection and render the water potable.

대표청구항 ▼

A portable oxidant generator for generating a chlorine or chlor-oxygen solution suitable for sterilizing contaminated drinking water, thereby providing a water disinfection system and potable water. The oxidant generator includes an electrolytic chamber and a power supply or source. The chamber hold

A portable oxidant generator for generating a chlorine or chlor-oxygen solution suitable for sterilizing contaminated drinking water, thereby providing a water disinfection system and potable water. The oxidant generator includes an electrolytic chamber and a power supply or source. The chamber holds a salt brine solution such that the solution is in contact with an anode and cathode included in the chamber. The power supply provides electrical charge that is passed between the anode and cathode through the salt brine solution. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a combination manual pump/switch is activated and injects electrolyte into the cell chamber and electrolyzes the solution. In one embodiment, as electrolysis proceeds, hydrogen gas is liberated and causes a gas pressure within the cell chamber thereby forcing the freshly generated oxidant solution from the cell. In another embodiment, as electrolysis proceeds, hydrogen gas is liberated and causes gas pressure within the sealed cell chamber which acts against a spring loaded piston thereby increasing the chamber volume to minimize pressure buildup, and to maintain the electrolyte in contact with the anode and cathode throughout the electrolysis process irrespective of the orientation of the device. When electrolysis is complete, an electric valve is actuated that allows the freshly produced oxidant to be discharged in to the drinking container to provide disinfection and render the water potable. her comprises: said hollow interior being filled with a neutral liquid ballast to adjust the buoyancy of the float member and with the upper end of the float member being separable therefrom to provide access to the hollow interior.3. The apparatus as disclosed in claim 1, further comprising a float housing located within the interior of the vessel, connecting the upper outlet with the lower outlet with the float member contained within the float housing, wherein the float member has full and free movement within the float housing without contact with the float housing, said float housing having grooved channels allowing for the free flow of fluid in and out of the housing, from the interior of the vessel to the float member without restriction.4. The apparatus as disclosed in claim 1, the surge tank further comprising: an inlet line connection, an internal chamber and an outlet connection, attaching to the inlet of the vessel with the inlet line applied lower on the surge tank than the outlet connection. 5. The apparatus as disclosed in claim 1, the apparatus having an externally controlled buoyancy adjustment mechanism allowing for the float member to have its buoyancy adjusted without the need to disassemble the apparatus or to manually fill the interior of the float member with a neutral liquid ballast, said externally controlled buoyancy adjustment mechanism comprising: a fluid pump having a fluid injection and extraction means operated by a control lever; a fluid inlet line connecting the fluid injection and extraction means to the hollow interior of the float member; a fluid outlet line connecting the lower end of the float into the hollow interior to the fluid injection and extraction means; and an air relief line attached near the upper end of the float member, the air relief line further connecting to an air valve located on the exterior of the vessel. 6. The apparatus as disclosed in claim 1, wherein: the ball seal on the upper end of the float member is conformed to sealably engage the tapered interior seat of the upper housing, while the ball seal on the lower end of the float member is conformed to sealably engage the tapered interior seat of the lower housing the float member is contained between the upper housing and the lower taper valve housing when said housings are attached to the vessel, with the ball seals on the upper and lower ends of the float member not engaging the tapered interior seats of the upper and lower housings at the same time, allowing for either flow of a lighter fluid from the upper outlet, a heavier fluid flow from the lower outlet or flow of both the lighter fluid and the heavier fluid from the respective upper outlet and lower outlet, but never restricting the fluid flow from the upper outlet and lower outlet simultaneously. 7. The apparatus as disclosed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is portable allowing for the apparatus to be moved from one fluid source to another without requiring disassembly of the apparatus.8. An apparatus for separating and measuring mixed fluids of differing constituent specific gravity, attaching between a fluid source and a remote storage container, the apparatus comprising: a vertically oriented vessel having an interior, an exterior surface, an upper outlet located in a top portion, a lower outlet through the exterior surface into the interior, located in a bottom portion and an inlet located between the top portion and bottom portion; an adjustably buoyant float member positioned within the interior of the vessel, said float member having a hollow interior which may be filled with a neutral liquid ballast and means to inject liquid into or extract liquid from said hollow interior in order to adjust the buoyancy of said float member;an upper end separable from the float member allowing access to the hollow interior; and a lower end, each upper end and lower end having ball seals; an upper housing having a tapered interior seat adapt ed to sealably engage the ball seal on the upper end of the float member, the upper housing attached to the upper outlet of the vessel; a lower housing having a tapered interior seat adapted to sealably engage the ball seal on the lower end of the float member, the lower housing attached to the lower outlet of the vessel; the ball seal on the upper end of the float member conformed to sealably engage the tapered interior seat of the upper housing, and the ball seal on the lower end of the float member conformed to sealably engage the tapered interior seat of the lower housing; the float member is contained between the tapered interior seats of the upper and lower housings when said housings are attached to the vessel, with the ball seals on the upper and lower ends of the float member not engaging the tapered interior seats of the upper and lower housings at the same time, allowing for either flow of a lighter fluid from the upper outlet, a heavier fluid flow from the lower outlet or flow of both the lighter fluid and the heavier fluid from the respective upper outlet and lower outlet, but never restricting the fluid flow from the upper outlet and lower outlet simultaneously; an external surge tank connecting to the inlet by an inlet line connection further connected to the fluid source, said surge tank also having an internal chamber and an outlet connection, attaching to the inlet of the vessel with the inlet line applied lower on the surge tank than the outlet connection; a first pipeline connecting to the upper housing having a first fluid flow measuring meter measuring the quantity of fluid flowing from the upper outlet of the vessel; a second pipeline connecting to the lower housing having a second fluid flow measuring meter measuring the quantity of fluid flowing from the lower outlet of the vessel; and, a third pipeline joining together after the two meters to carry the fluids to the remote storage container. 9. The apparatus as disclosed in claim 8, further comprising a float housing located within the interior of the vessel, connecting the upper outlet with the lower outlet with the float member contained within the float housing, wherein the float member has full and free movement within the float housing without contact with the float housing, said float housing having grooved channels allowing for the free flow of fluid in and out of the housing, from the interior of the vessel to the float member without restriction.10. The apparatus as disclosed in claim 8, the apparatus having an externally controlled buoyancy adjustment mechanism allowing for the float member to have its buoyancy adjusted without the need to disassemble the apparatus or to manually fill the interior of the float member with the neutral liquid ballast, said externally controlled buoyancy adjustment mechanism comprising: a fluid pump having a fluid injection and extraction means operated by a control lever; a fluid inlet line connecting the fluid injection and extraction means to the hollow interior of the float member; a fluid outlet line connecting the lower end of the float into the hollow interior to the fluid injection and extraction means, and an air relief line attached near the upper end of the float member, the air relief line further connecting to an air valve located on the exterior of the vessel. 11. The apparatus as disclosed in claim 8, wherein the apparatus is portable allowing for the apparatus to be moved from one fluid source to another without requiring disassembly of the apparatus. aid anode and said cathode thereby generating said oxidant from said electrolyte; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid container. 2. The cap of claim 1 further comprising a timer activated by said switch for providing a predetermined current between said anode and said cathode.3. The cap of claim 1 comprising a fixed electrolyte conductivity.4. The cap of claim 1 wherein said reservoir further comprises a prolongation disposed between said anode and said cathode.5. The cap of claim 1 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.6. The cap of claim 5 wherein said salt reservoir comprises a brine reservoir.7. The cap of claim 1 wherein said electrolyte reservoir is refillable.8. The cap of claim 1 wherein said cap is disposable.9. The cap of claim 1 further comprising a piston activated by said switch for drawing electrolyte from said reservoir into said electrolytic cell, and wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated within said cell and discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid container.10. The cap of claim 1 further comprising a stop button.11. The cap of claim 1 further comprising a printed circuit board.12. The cap of claim 1 further comprising a valve for sealing said cell during electrolysis.13. The cap of claim 1 wherein said electrolyte reservoir further comprises an access and fill port for adding additional electrolyte to said apparatus.14. The cap of claim 13 further comprising a filter screen.15. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; an activator comprising a pump-like device for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.17. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.18. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.19. The apparatus of claim 15 herein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.20. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.21. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said apparatus is disposable.22. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.23. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.24. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.26. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.27. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.28. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.29. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.30. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said reservoir further comprises a prolongation.31. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.32. The apparatus of claim 31 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.33. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.34. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a piston.35. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.36. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.37. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.38. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising an electrically activated valve.39. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a filter screen.40. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; said electrolytic cell comprising an anode and a cathode; said anode comprising a titanium substrate and an oxide coating; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid. 41. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.42. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.43. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.44. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.45. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.46. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.47. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said apparatus is disposable.48. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.49. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.50. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.51. The apparatus of claim 50 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.52. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.53. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.54. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.55. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.56. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.57. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.58. The apparatus of claim 57 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.59. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.60. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising a piston.61. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.62. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.63. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.64. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising an electrically activated valve.65. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising a filter screen.66. An apparatus far decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein and a storage compartment; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid. 67. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.68. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.69. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.70. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said power sources comprises a fuel cell.71. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.72. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.73. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said apparatus is disposable.74. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said storage compartment further comprises a self-sealing check valve.75. The apparatus of claim 66 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.76. The apparatus of claim 66 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.77. The apparatus of claim 76 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.78. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.79. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.80. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.81. The apparatus of claim 66 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.82. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.83. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.84. The apparatus of claim 83 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.85. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.86. The apparatus of claim 66 further comprising a piston.87. The apparatus of claim 86 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.88. The apparatus of claim 86 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.89. The apparatus of claim 86 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.90. The apparatus of claim 66 further comprising an electrically activated valve.91. The apparatus of claim 66 further comprising a filter screen.92. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid; and an attachment for the fluid container. 93. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.94. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.95. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said powe r source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.96. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.97. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.98. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.99. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said apparatus is disposable.100. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.101. The apparatus of claim 92 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.102. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.103. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.104. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.105. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.106. The apparatus of claim 92 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.107. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.108. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.109. The apparatus of claim 108 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.110. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.111. The apparatus of claim 92 further comprising a piston.112. The apparatus of claim 111 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.113. The apparatus of claim 111 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.114. The apparatus of claim 111 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.115. The apparatus of claim 92 further comprising a valve for sealing said cell during electrolysis.116. The apparatus of claim 115 further comprising an electrically activated valve.117. The apparatus of claim 92 further comprising a filter screen.118. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid, said opening comprising a check valve. 119. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.120. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.121. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.122. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.123. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.124. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.125. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said apparatus is disposable.126. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said reservoir further comprising a self-sealing check valve.127. The apparatus of claim 118 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicat or, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.128. The apparatus of claim 118 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.129. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.130. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.131. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.132. The apparatus of claim 118 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.133. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.134. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.135. The apparatus of claim 134 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.136. The apparatus of claim 118 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.137. The apparatus of claim 118 further comprising a piston.138. The apparatus of claim 137 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.139. The apparatus of claim 137 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.140. The apparatus of claim 137 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.141. The apparatus of claim 137 wherein said valve comprises an electrically activated valve.142. The apparatus of claim 118 further comprising a filter screen.143. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid, wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid. 144. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.145. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.146. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.147. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.148. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.149. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.150. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said apparatus is disposable.151. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.152. The apparatus of claim 143 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a Visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.153. The apparatus of claim 143 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.154. The apparatus of claim 153 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.155. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.156. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.157. The apparatus of claim 143 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.158. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.159. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.160. The apparatus of claim 159 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.161. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.162. The apparatus of claim 143 further comprising a piston.163. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.164. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.165. The apparatus of claim 143 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.166. The apparatus of claim 143 further comprising an electrically activated valve.167. The apparatus of claim 143 further comprising a filter screen.168. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; a contact to activate a switch for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid. 169. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.170. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.171. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.172. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.173. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.174. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.175. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said apparatus is disposable.176. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.177. The apparatus of claim 168 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.178. The apparatus of claim 168 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.179. The apparatus of claim 178 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.180. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.181. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.182. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.183. The apparatus of claim 168 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to arrow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.184. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.185. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.186. The apparatus of claim 185 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.187. The apparatus of claim 168 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.188. The apparatus of claim 168 further comprising a piston.189. The apparatus of claim 188 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.190. The apparatus of claim 188 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.191. The apparatus of claim 188 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.192. The apparatus of claim 168 further comprising an electrically activated valve.193. The apparatus of claim 168 further comprising a filt er screen.194. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; a timer; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid. 195. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.196. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.197. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.198. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.199. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.200. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.201. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said apparatus is disposable.202. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.203. The apparatus of claim 194 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.204. The apparatus of claim 194 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.205. The apparatus of claim 204 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.206. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.207. The apparatus at claim 194 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.208. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.209. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.210. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.211. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.212. The apparatus of claim 211 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.213. The apparatus of claim 194 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.214. The apparatus of claim 194 further comprising a piston.215. The apparatus of claim 214 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.216. The apparatus of claim 214 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.217. The apparatus of claim 214 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.218. The apparatus of claim 194 further comprising an electrically activated valve.219. The apparatus of claim 194 further comprising a filter screen.220. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid. 221. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.222. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and w herein said cathode and said anode are concentric.223. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.224. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said power source comprise a fuel cell.225. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.226. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.227. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said apparatus is disposable.228. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.229. The apparatus of claim 220 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.230. The apparatus of claim 220 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.231. The apparatus of claim 230 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.232. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.233. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.234. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.235. The apparatus of claim 220 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.236. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.237. The apparatus of claim 220 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.238. The apparatus of claim 220 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.239. The apparatus of claim 220 further comprising a piston.240. The apparatus of claim 239 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.241. The apparatus of claim 239 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.242. The apparatus of claim 239 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.243. The apparatus of claim 220 further comprising an electrically activated valve.244. The apparatus of claim 220 further comprising a filter screen.245. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; a piston; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid. 246. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.247. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.248. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.249. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.250. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.251. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.252. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said apparatus is disposable.253. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.254. The apparatus of claim 245 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory i ndicator.255. The apparatus of claim 245 further comprising an attachment for the fluid container.256. The apparatus of claim 255 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.257. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.258. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.259. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.260. The apparatus of claim 245 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.261. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.262. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein an oxidant generating reaction produces a gas pressure within said reservoir.263. The apparatus of claim 262 further comprising at least one opening for release of said gas pressure.264. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said oxidant comprises a chlorine containing substance.265. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said piston draws said electrolyte into said electrolytic cell.266. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said piston moves in response to gas pressure generated with said cell.267. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said piston discharges said generated oxidant into the fluid.268. The apparatus of claim 245 wherein said valve comprises an electrically activated valve.269. The apparatus of claim 245 further comprising a filter screen.270. An apparatus for decontamination of a fluid in a fluid container, said apparatus comprising: an electrolytic cell for generating at least one oxidant, said oxidant to be subsequently added to the fluid; an electrolyte reservoir comprising an electrolyte disposed therein; a power source; an activator for activating said power source to generate a current and thereby generate an oxidant from said electrolyte; a stop button; and an opening for release of at least a portion of said generated oxidant into the fluid. 271. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said activator comprises a pump-like device.272. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a cathode and an anode and wherein said cathode and said anode are concentric.273. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said power source comprises at least one source selected from the group consisting of a battery, external power source, solar panel, and manually driven electric generator.274. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said power source comprises a fuel cell.275. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a salt reservoir.276. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a refillable reservoir.277. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said apparatus is disposable.278. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said reservoir further comprises a self-sealing check valve.279. The apparatus of claim 270 further comprising at least one indicator selected from the group consisting of a visually readable indicator, audible indicator and vibratory indicator.280. The apparatus of claim 270 further comprising an attachment tar the fluid container.281. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said attachment comprises threads for attaching the apparatus to the fluid container.282. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein the fluid container is a portable water container.283. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said opening for release of said oxidant comprises a check valve.284. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said opening releases a predetermined amount of said oxidant into the fluid.285. The apparatus of claim 270 further comprising a timer wherein said timer is set at a predetermined time to allow a predetermined current in said electrolytic cell.286. The apparatus of claim 270 wherein said electrolyte reservoir comprises a prolongation.287. The appar