IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0151537
(2002-05-21)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Minovitch, Michael Andrew
|
대리인 / 주소 |
Christie, Parker & Hale, LLP
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
9 인용 특허 :
5 |
초록
▼
A method and apparatus is provided for generating an artificial heat sink below ambient temperature for a cryogenic condenser by isothermally magnetizing a paramagnetic fluid and removing the magnetic field thereby creating a temperature drop in the fluid by the magentocaloric effect. The heat of ma
A method and apparatus is provided for generating an artificial heat sink below ambient temperature for a cryogenic condenser by isothermally magnetizing a paramagnetic fluid and removing the magnetic field thereby creating a temperature drop in the fluid by the magentocaloric effect. The heat of magnetization is converted into mechanical work by initially placing the fluid inside a sealed chamber with a door that opens to a conduit leading into the bore of a superconducting solenoid. When the solenoid is energized with current, it creates a strong axial magnetic field that exerts magnetic attractive forces on the fluid inside the chamber. When the fluid is released by opening the door, it is accelerated through the conduit toward the superconducting solenoid where it becomes magnetized by the increasing strength of the magnetic field. By mounting a non-magnetic turbine inside the conduit between the solenoid and the chamber, the kinetic energy of the accelerating flow stream, which is equal to the heat of magnetization, is converted into mechanical work thereby achieving isothermal magnetization. By removing the magnetic field after the fluid enters the bore of the solenoid, a temperature reduction is achieved thereby enabling the fluid to absorb heat in a cryogenic condenser.
대표청구항
▼
A method and apparatus is provided for generating an artificial heat sink below ambient temperature for a cryogenic condenser by isothermally magnetizing a paramagnetic fluid and removing the magnetic field thereby creating a temperature drop in the fluid by the magentocaloric effect. The heat of ma
A method and apparatus is provided for generating an artificial heat sink below ambient temperature for a cryogenic condenser by isothermally magnetizing a paramagnetic fluid and removing the magnetic field thereby creating a temperature drop in the fluid by the magentocaloric effect. The heat of magnetization is converted into mechanical work by initially placing the fluid inside a sealed chamber with a door that opens to a conduit leading into the bore of a superconducting solenoid. When the solenoid is energized with current, it creates a strong axial magnetic field that exerts magnetic attractive forces on the fluid inside the chamber. When the fluid is released by opening the door, it is accelerated through the conduit toward the superconducting solenoid where it becomes magnetized by the increasing strength of the magnetic field. By mounting a non-magnetic turbine inside the conduit between the solenoid and the chamber, the kinetic energy of the accelerating flow stream, which is equal to the heat of magnetization, is converted into mechanical work thereby achieving isothermal magnetization. By removing the magnetic field after the fluid enters the bore of the solenoid, a temperature reduction is achieved thereby enabling the fluid to absorb heat in a cryogenic condenser. ydroelectric power generation means to generate power. 2. The process according to claim 1, including the further step of: conducting a portion of the liquid used to operate said hydroelectric power generation means to said liquid replacement means for supplying liquid to said fluid transfer means. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is water. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the gas contained in the pressurized vessel is an inert gas. 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the inert gas contained in the pressurized vessel is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, and air. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein said combustible fuel mixture is a mixture selected from the group consisting of a mixture of natural gas and air, and a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and air. 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the hydroelectric power generation apparatus comprises a Pelton wheel for generating electricity. 8. Apparatus for generating hydroelectric power, comprising: first and second combustion cylinders for containing a volume of liquid each having a liquid inlet for receiving a liquid, a fuel mixture inlet for receiving a combustible fuel mixture, fuel ignition means, an exhaust outlet for exhausting pressure and products of combustion, and a liquid discharge outlet for discharging liquid therefrom; a pressurized vessel for containing a volume of gas under pressure having a gas inlet for receiving a volume of gas, a liquid inlet connected with said first and second combustion cylinders liquid discharge outlet through valve means to receive liquid discharged therefrom in alternating cycles, and a liquid outlet; hydroelectric power generation means operatively connected with said pressurized vessel liquid outlet for receiving liquid discharged from said pressurized vessel and generating power responsive thereto; liquid replacement means for receiving a portion of the liquid from said hydroelectric power generation means; a fluid transfer cylinder having a liquid chamber and a gas chamber, said liquid chamber connected with said liquid replacement means through valve means for receiving and containing a volume replacement liquid therefrom, and having first and second liquid outlets connected with a respective said liquid inlet of said first and second combustion cylinders through valve means for alternately supplying liquid thereto, and said gas chamber having first and second gas inlets connected with a respective said exhaust outlet of said first and second combustion cylinders through valve means for alternately receiving exhaust pressure therefrom; wherein a volume of gas is introduced into said pressurized vessel, a combustible fuel mixture is alternately introduced into said first and second combustion cylinders above the volume of liquid contained therein, said ignition means is activated to combust the fuel mixture to forcefully transfer a portion of the volume of liquid from said first and second combustion cylinders into said pressurized vessel at a first rate, the liquid transferred to said pressurized vessel being pressurized by the volume of gas therein;exhaust pressure from said first and second combustion cylinders is alternately introduced into said gas chamber of said fluid transfer means during exhaust cycles to pressurize the liquid contained therein and the liquid is discharged under pressure into said first and second combustion cylinders to alternately refill said first and second combustion cylinders with liquid between combustion cycles at a rate greater than said first rate at which the portion of the volume of liquid is discharged from said first and second combustion cylinders into said pressurized vessel; anda portion of the pressurized liquid from said pressurized vessel is conducted to the hydroelectric power generation means for operating the hydroelectric power generation means to generate power.9. The apparatu s according to claim 8, wherein a portion of the liquid used to operate said hydroelectric power generation means is conducted to said liquid replacement means for supplying liquid to said fluid transfer means. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said liquid is water. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said gas contained in said pressurized vessel is an inert gas. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said inert gas is comprised of the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, and air. 13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said combustible fuel mixture is a mixture selected from the group consisting of a mixture of natural gas and air, and a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and air. 14. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising: controlled valve means connected with said gas chamber of said transfer cylinder to be normally open to atmosphere when no liquid transfer is taking place to facilitate refilling of said transfer cylinder from said liquid replacement means, and to be closed when receiving exhausted products of combustion to facilitate pressurizing the liquid in said transfer cylinder by exhaust pressure during exhaust cycles of said first and second combustion cylinders. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising: a liquid level sensor in said liquid chamber of said transfer cylinder associated with said controlled valve to close the normally open valve upon the liquid in said liquid chamber reaching a predetermined level. 16. The apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising: a second controlled valve means connected with said gas chamber of said transfer cylinder operative to allow entry of high pressure air into to said gas chamber to facilitate initial cycle starting and refilling adjustments. 17. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said fluid transfer cylinder comprises a hollow generally U-shaped cylindrical tube having a first leg and a second leg extending upwardly from a U-shaped lower end; said liquid chamber occupying said first leg, said U-shaped lower end, and a portion of said second leg; and said gas chamber occupying a portion of said second leg above the level of liquid therein. 18. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said fluid transfer cylinder comprises a hollow cylinder having a movable piston separating said liquid chamber and said gas chamber. 19. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising: a plurality of baffles in each of said first and second combustion cylinders to modulate the liquid transfer and avoid sloshing during refill cycles. 20. A system for producing a head of liquid under pressure at different rates to be used for performing useful work, comprising: first and second combustion cylinders for containing a volume of liquid each having a liquid inlet for receiving a liquid, a fuel mixture inlet for receiving a combustible fuel mixture, fuel ignition means, an exhaust outlet for exhausting pressure and products of combustion, and a liquid discharge outlet for discharging liquid therefrom; a pressurized vessel for containing a volume of gas under pressure having a gas inlet for receiving a volume of gas, a liquid inlet connected with said first and second combustion cylinders liquid discharge outlet through valve means to receive liquid discharged therefrom in alternating cycles, and a liquid outlet; and a fluid transfer cylinder having a liquid chamber and a gas chamber, said liquid chamber connected with a source of replacement liquid through valve means for receiving and containing a volume replacement liquid therefrom, and having first and second liquid outlets connected with a respective said liquid inlet of said first and second combustion cylinders through valve means for alternately supplying liquid thereto, and said gas chamber having first and second gas inlets connected with a respective said exhaust outlet of said first and second combustion cylinders through valve means for alternately receiving exhaust pressure therefrom; wherein a volume of gas is introduced into said pressurized vessel, a combustible fuel mixture is alternately introduced into said first and second combustion cylinders above the volume of liquid contained therein, said ignition means is activated to combust the fuel mixture to forcefully transfer a portion of the volume of liquid from said first and second combustion cylinders into said pressurized vessel at a first rate, the liquid transferred to said pressurized vessel being pressurized by the volume of gas therein;exhaust pressure from said first and second combustion cylinders is alternately introduced into said gas chamber of said fluid transfer means during exhaust cycles to pressurize the liquid contained therein and the liquid is discharged under pressure into said first and second combustion cylinders to alternately refill said first and second combustion cylinders with liquid between combustion cycles at a rate greater than said first rate at which the portion of the volume of liquid is discharged from said first and second combustion cylinders into said pressurized vessel; anda portion of the pressurized liquid from said pressurized vessel is conducted from said pressurized vessel to perform useful work.21. The system according to claim 20, wherein a portion of the liquid used to perform useful work is conducted to said liquid replacement means for supplying liquid to said fluid transfer means. 1999-237851, JP; 1999-264812, JP; 1999-352526, JP; 00029403, JP; 00066247, JP; 00066248, JP; 00066249, JP; 00089260, JP; 00127478, JP; 00137250, JP; 00140582, JP; 00162650, JP; 00171839, JP; 00194021, JP; 00206574, JP; 00221546, JP; 00227612, JP; 00231307, JP; 00258805, JP; 00259102, JP; 00285219, JP; 00315253, JP; 00322001, JP; WO00/49593, JP; WO00/54101, JP; 2001-005040, JP; 2001-020093, JP; 06239896, JP; WO82/002961, WO; WO91/014763, WO; WO92/012453, WO; WO92/017873, WO; WO92/020060, WO; WO92/021733, WO; WO93/002443, WO; WO93/004458, WO; WO93/004459, WO; WO93/005425, WO; WO93/007000, WO; WO93/007608, WO; WO93/017414, WO; WO93/018428, WO; WO94/019789, WO; WO94/024236, WO; WO95/002636, WO; WO95/005622, WO; WO95/006307, WO; WO95/007527, WO; WO95/010107, WO; WO95/015363, WO; WO95/019227, WO; WO95/022085, WO; WO95/027924, WO; WO95/033085, WO; WO96/017102, WO; WO96/041372, WO; WO97/001165, WO; WO97/001166, WO; WO97/001171, WO; WO97/004398, WO; WO97/004448, WO; WO97/020274, WO; WO97/024715, WO; WO97/024907, WO; WO97/033275, WO; WO97/035298, WO; WO97/048009, WO; WO97/049125, WO; WO98/003896, WO; WO98/012585, WO; WO98/019208, WO; WO98/041898, WO; WO98/041899, WO; WO98/055897, WO; WO98/058383, WO; WO99/003087, WO; W099/03626, WO; WO99/010767, WO; WO99/012170, WO; WO99/014762, WO; WO99/010768, WO; WO99/010769, WO; WO99/010939, WO; WO99/020682, WO; WO99/026419, WO; WO99/040631, WO; WO99/041728, WO; WO99/041732, WO; WO99/041787, WO; WO99/041788, WO; WO99/042983, WO; WO99/044229, WO; WO99/045416, WO; WO99/045582,
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.