IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0090500
(2002-03-04)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Duncan, David A.
- Langer, Deborah A.
- Shah, Mayur P.
- Zalar, Frank V.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
8 인용 특허 :
13 |
초록
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This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel compositi
This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; and (iii) at least one surfactant.
대표청구항
▼
1. A process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining:
1. A process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel;(ii) water; and(iii) at least one surfactant comprising:(iii)(a) at least one product made from the reaction of an acylating agent with ammonia, an amine, a hydroxyamine, an alcohol, or a mixture of two or more thereof;(iii)(b) at least one product derived from: a polycarboxylic acylating agent; a copolymer derived from at least one olefin monomer and at least one alpha, beta unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof; and a linking compound having two or more primary amino groups, two or more secondary amino groups, at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, at least two hydroxyl groups, or at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group;(iii)(c) at least one Mannich reaction product derived from a hydroxy aromatic compound, an aldehyde or a ketone, and an amine containing at least one primary or secondary amino group;(iii)(d) at least one ionic or a nonionic compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 40; or(iii)(e) mixture of two or more of (iii)(a) through (iii)(d).2. The process of claim 1 wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine and the normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel is a diesel fuel.3. The process of claim 1 wherein the water blended fuel composition further comprises a water-soluble nitrogen containing emulsion stabilizer.4. The process of claim 1 wherein the water blended fuel composition further comprises an antifreeze agent.5. The process of claim 1 wherein the water blended fuel composition further comprises a cetane improver.6. The process of claim 1 wherein the water blended fuel composition further comprises a combustion improver.7. The process of claim 1 wherein the water blended fuel composition further comprises an organic solvent.8. The process of claim 1 wherein the surfactant (iii)(a) is the product made by the reaction of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine or an alkylene polyamine.9. The process of claim 1 wherein surfactant (iii)(a) comprises a mixture of: the product made from the reaction of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine wherein the polyisobutene group has a number average molecular weight of about 1500 to about 3000; the product made from the reaction of a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine wherein the hydrocarbon substituent has about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms; and the product made from the reaction of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic acid or anhydride with at least one alkylene polyamine wherein the polyisobutene group has a number average molecular weight of about 750 to about 1500.10. The process of claim 1 wherein the surfactant (iii)(b) is comprised of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride and a copolymer derived from an alpha-olefin and maleic anhydride, the anhydride and the copolymer being linked together by an ethylene polyamine.11. The process of claim 1 wherein the surfactant (iii)(c) is a Mannich reaction product derived from: (iii)(c)(i) a hydroxy aromatic compound having the formula wherein in Formula (iii)(c)-1: Ar is an aromatic group; m is 1, 2 or 3; n is a number from 1 to about 4; with the proviso that the sum of m and n is less than the number of available positions on Ar that can be substituted; each R 1independently is a hydrocarbon group of up to about 400 carbon atoms; and R2is H, amino or carboxyl; (iii)(c)(ii) an aldehyde or ketone having the formula or a precursor thereof; wherein in Formula (iii)(c)-2: R 1and R2independently are H or hydrocarbon groups hav ing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; and R2can also be a carbonyl-containing hydrocarbon group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; and (iii)(c)(iii) an amine containing at least one primary or secondary amino group. 12. The process of claim 1 wherein the surfactant (iii)(d) comprises an alkylaryl sulfonate, amine oxide, carboxylated alcohol ethoxylate, ethoxylated amine, ethoxylated amide, glycerol ester, glycol ester, imidazoline derivative, lecithin, lecithin derivative, lignin, lignin derivative, monoglyceride, monoglyceride derivative, olefin sulfonate, phosphate ester, phosphate ester derivative, propoxylated fatty acid, ethoxylated fatty acid, propoxylated alcohol or alkyl phenol, sucrose ester, sulfonate of dodecyl or tridecyl benzene, naphthalene sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, tridecyl or dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, sulfosuccinate, sulfosuccinate derivative, or mixture of two or more thereof, each of these compounds having a hydrocarbon group of at least about 8 carbon atoms.13. The process of claim 1 wherein the surfactant (iii)(d) comprises a copolymer represented by the formulawherein x and x′ are independently numbers in the range of zero to about 20, provided that x or x′ is at least 1, and y is a number in the range of about 4 to about 60. 14. The process of claim 3 wherein the water-soluble nitrogen containing emulsion stabilizer is ammonium nitrate.15. The process of claim 1 wherein the engine wear reduction is comprised of piston ring wear reduction or cylinder liner wear reduction.
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