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Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0841498 (2001-04-24) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 229 인용 특허 : 274 |
A coal formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A heating rate to a
A coal formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A heating rate to a selected volume of the formation may be controlled by altering an amount of heating energy per day that is provided to the selected volume.
1. A method or treating a coal formation in situ, comprising: healing a selected volume (V) of the coal formation, wherein the formation has an average heat capacity (C v), and wherein the heating pyrolyzes at least some hydrocarbons in the selected volume of the formation; wherein heating energ
1. A method or treating a coal formation in situ, comprising: healing a selected volume (V) of the coal formation, wherein the formation has an average heat capacity (C v), and wherein the heating pyrolyzes at least some hydrocarbons in the selected volume of the formation; wherein heating energy/day (Pwr) provided to the selected volume is equal to or less than h*V*C v*ρB, wherein ρBis formation bulk density, and wherein an average heating rate (h) of the selected volume is about 10° C./day; and producing a mixture from the formation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the selected volume comprises heating with at least one electrical heater.3. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the selected volume comprises heating with at least one surface burner.4. The method or claim 1, wherein heating the selected volume comprises heating with at least one flameless distributed combustor.5. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the selected volume comprises heating with at least one natural distributed combustor.6. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling a pressure and a temperature in at least a majority of the selected volume of the formation, wherein the pressure is controlled as a function of temperature, or the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure.7. The method of claim 1, wherein a value for Cvis determined as an average heat capacity of two or more samples taken from the coal formation.8. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the selected volume comprises transferring heat substantially by conduction.9. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the selected volume increases a thermal conductivity of at least a portion of the selected volume to greater than about 0.5 W/(m ° C.).10. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons having an API gravity of at least about 25°.11. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein about 0.1% by weight to about 15% by weight of the condensable hydrocarbons are olefins.12. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises non-condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein about 0.1% by weight to about 15% by weight of the non-condensable hydrocarbons are olefins.13. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises non-condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein a molar ratio of ethene to ethane in the non-condensable hydrocarbons ranges from about 0.001 to about 0.15.14. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein less than about 1% by weight, when calculated on an atomic basis, of the condensable hydrocarbons is nitrogen.15. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein less than about 1% by weight, when calculated on an atomic basis, of the condensable hydrocarbons is oxygen.16. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, wherein about 5% by weight to about 30% by weight of the condensable hydrocarbons comprise oxygen containing compounds, and wherein the oxygen containing compounds comprise phenols.17. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein greater than about 20% by weight of the condensable hydrocarbons are aromatic compounds.18. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein less than about 5% by weight of the condensable hydrocarbons comprises multi-ring aromatics with more than two rings.19. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein less than about 0.3% by weight of the condensable hydrocarbons are asphaltenes.20. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, and wherein about 5% by weight to about 30% by weight of the condensable hydrocarbons are cycloalkanes.21. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises a non-condensable component, wherein the non-condensable component comprises molecular hydrogen, wherein the molecular hydrogen is greater than about 10% by volume of the non-condensable component at 25° C. and one atmosphere absolute pressure, and wherein the molecular hydrogen is less than about 80% by volume of the non-condensable component at 25 ° C. and one atmosphere absolute pressure.22. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises ammonia, and wherein greater than about 0.05 To by weight of the produced mixture is ammonia.23. The method of claim 1, wherein the produced mixture comprises ammonia, and wherein the ammonia is used to produce fertilizer.24. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling a pressure in at least a majority of the selected volume of the formation, wherein the controlled pressure is at least about 2.0 bars absolute.25. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling formation conditions to produce the mixture, wherein a partial pressure of H2in the mixture is greater than about 0.5 bar.26. The method of claim 25, wherein the partial pressure of H2in the mixture is determined based on production well conditions.27. The method of claim 1, further comprising recirculating a portion of hydrogen from the mixture into the formation.28. The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing hydrogen (H 2) to the selected volume of the formation to hydrogenate hydrocarbons in the selected volume; and heating a portion of the selected volume with heat from hydrogenation. 29. The method of claim 1, further comprising: producing hydrogen and condensable hydrocarbons from the formation; and hydrogenating a portion of the produced condensable hydrocarbons with at least a portion of the produced hydrogen. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the selected volume of the formation increases a permeability of a majority of tine selected volume to greater than about 100 millidarcy.31. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the selected volume of the formation increases a permeability of a majority of the selected volume such that the permeability of the majority of the selected volume is substantially uniform.32. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling the heat to yield greater than about 60% by weight of condensable hydrocarbons, as measured by Fischer Assay.33. The method of claim 1, wherein producing the mixture comprises producing the mixture in a production well, and wherein at least about 7 heaters are disposed in the formation for catch production well.34. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing bear from three or more heaters to at least a portion of the formation, wherein three or more of the hearers are located in the formation in a unit of heaters, and wherein the unit of heaters comprises a triangular pattern.35. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing heat from three or more heaters to at least a portion of the formation, wherein three or more of the heaters are located in the formation in a unit of heaters, wherein the unit of heaters comprises a triangular pattern, and wherein a plurality of the units tire repeated over an area of the formation to form a repetitive patient of units.36. A method of treating a coal formation in situ, comprising: calculating a heating energy/day (Pwr) to heat a selected volume (V) of the coal formation, wherein the coal formation has an average heat capacity (C v) and a bulk density (ρB), wherein the heating energy/day (Pwr) is calculated to be equal to or less than h*V*Cv*ρB, wherein an average heating rate (h) is about 10° C./day; and heating the selected volume by providing the calculated heating energy/day (Pwr) or less than the calculated heating energy/day (Pwr) to the selected volume to pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons in the selected volume. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein heating the selected volume comprises hea ting the selected volume with at least one natural distributed combustor.38. The method of claim 36, wherein a value for Cvis determined as an average heat capacity of two or more samples taken from the coal formation.39. The method of claim 36, wherein heating the selected volume raises the thermal conductivity of at least a portion of the selected volume to a value greater than about 0.5 W/(m ° C.).40. A method of treating a coal formation in situ, comprising: calculating a heating energy/day (Pwr) to heat a selected volume (V) of the coal formation, wherein the coal formation has an average heat capacity (C v) and a bulk density (ρB), wherein the heating energy/day (Pwr) is calculated to be equal to or less than h*V*Cv*ρB, wherein an average heating rate (h) is about 10° C./day; and providing heat from one or more heaters to the selected volume by providing the calculated heating energy/day (Pwr) or less than the calculated heating energy/day (Pwr) to the selected volume to pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons in the selected volume. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein at least one of the heaters comprises a natural distributed combustor.42. The method of claim 40, wherein a value for Cvis determined as an average heat capacity of two or more samples taken from the coal formation.43. The method of claim 40, wherein heating the selected volume raises the thermal conductivity of at least a portion of the selected volume to a value greater than about 0.5 W/(m ° C).
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