A pressurizer for pressurizing a fluid includes: a pressurant entrance configured for the introduction of a pressurant; a fluid entrance configured for the introduction of the fluid; a fluid exit configured for the expulsion of the fluid; and at least one transfer chamber movable in a cycle with res
A pressurizer for pressurizing a fluid includes: a pressurant entrance configured for the introduction of a pressurant; a fluid entrance configured for the introduction of the fluid; a fluid exit configured for the expulsion of the fluid; and at least one transfer chamber movable in a cycle with respect to at least one of the pressurant entrance, the fluid entrance, and the fluid exit, where the pressurizer is configured so that for a portion of a cycle the pressurant exerts a force on the fluid inside the transfer chamber, and where the transfer chamber is configured to receive the pressurant via the pressurant entrance, receive the fluid via the fluid entrance, and expel the fluid via the fluid exit by the force exerted by the pressurant upon the fluid inside the transfer chamber.
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1. A pressurizer for pressurizing a fluid, comprising:a pressurant entrance configured for the introduction of a pressurant;a fluid entrance configured for the introduction of said fluid;a fluid exit configured for the expulsion of said fluid; andat least one transfer chamber movable in a cycle with
1. A pressurizer for pressurizing a fluid, comprising:a pressurant entrance configured for the introduction of a pressurant;a fluid entrance configured for the introduction of said fluid;a fluid exit configured for the expulsion of said fluid; andat least one transfer chamber movable in a cycle with respect to at least one of said pressurant entrance, said fluid entrance, and said fluid exit,wherein said pressurizer is configured so that for a portion of a cycle said pressurant exerts a force on said fluid inside said transfer chamber, andwherein said transfer chamber is configured to receive said pressurant via said pressurant entrance, receive said fluid via said fluid entrance, and expel said fluid via said fluid exit by the force exerted by said pressurant upon said fluid inside said transfer chamber. 2. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressurizer comprises at least three transfer chambers, configured so that while at least one transfer chamber is in fluid connection with said fluid entrance, at least one other transfer chamber is in fluid connection with said fluid exit and said pressurant entrance. 3. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one transfer chamber comprises: a movable piston configured to substantially separate said pressurant from said fluid inside said transfer chamber; and a limiter configured to prevent said piston from moving beyond a certain point inside said transfer chamber. 4. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a motor configured to move said transfer chamber at a cycle speed; a sensor configured to sense a quantity of propellant inside said transfer chamber; and a controller connected to said sensor and said motor, configured to adjust said cycle speed at least as a function of said quantity sensed by said sensor. 5. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cross sectional area of said transfer chamber is less than {fraction (1/10)} a cross sectional area of said fluid exit. 6. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a rotatable spindle housing a plurality of transfer chambers, wherein, in a cross section of said spindle, a distance between corresponding points of two transfer chambers is less than ½ a maximum characteristic length of said fluid exit along a direction of rotation of said spindle. 7. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a rotatable spindle housing a plurality of transfer chambers, wherein, in a cross section of said spindle, a dimension of said transfer chamber along a path taken by said transfer chamber is less than a minimum distance between said pressurant entrance and said pressurant exit along a path taken by said transfer chamber. 8. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a rotatable spindle housing a plurality of transfer chambers, wherein, in a cross section of said spindle, a maximum characteristic length of said fluid exit along a direction of rotation of said spindle is less than ½ of a minimum distance between said pressurant entrance and said pressurant exit along a path taken by at least one transfer chamber. 9. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a pressurant exit configured for the expulsion of a pressurant exhaust, wherein said pressurizer is configured to be able to provide a continuous stream of said fluid from said fluid exit throughout at least one complete cycle at least when sqrt(Δp entrance )*(A entrance )<sqrt(Δp exit )*(A exit ), where Δp entrance is a pressure drop between said fluid entrance and said pressurant exit, A entrance is a cross sectional area of said fluid entrance, Δp exit is a pressure drop between said pressurant entrance and said fluid exit, and A exit is a cross sectional area of said fluid exit. 10. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cross sectional area of said fluid exit is less than ½ a cross sectional area of said fluid ent rance. 11. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pressurizer comprises a plurality of transfer chambers each having a dimension less than 1 mm. 12. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a rotatable spindle housing a plurality of transfer chambers, wherein said pressurizer is configured so that said spindle is rotated by an expansion of said pressurant. 13. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 12, wherein said transfer chamber comprises at least one jet hole configured to provide a substantially continuous flow of said pressurant from said transfer chamber via said jet hole in a direction substantially opposite a direction of motion of said transfer chamber to provide an impulse reaction force to said transfer chamber. 14. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:a first rotatable spindle housing a plurality of said transfer chambers;a second pressurant entrance configured for the introduction of said pressurant;a second fluid entrance configured for the introduction of said fluid;a second fluid exit configured for the expulsion of said fluid; anda second rotatable spindle housing a plurality of second transfer chambers that are each movable in a cycle with respect to at least one of said second pressurant entrance, said second fluid entrance, and said second fluid exit,wherein each of said second transfer chambers is configured to receive said pressurant via said second pressurant entrance, receive said fluid via said second fluid entrance, and expel said fluid via said second fluid exit, andwherein said fluid entrance is connected to said second fluid exit. 15. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pressurizer comprises at least one differential transfer chamber having a first region having a first cross sectional area and a second region having a second cross sectional area smaller than said first cross sectional area, wherein said differential transfer chamber further comprises a differential piston, movable inside said differential transfer chamber, having a first piston portion having a first piston cross sectional area approximately equal to said first cross sectional area and a second piston portion having a second piston cross sectional area approximately equal to said second cross sectional area. 16. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a pressurant exit configured for the expulsion of a pressurant exhaust; at least one pre-pressurization entrance between said pressurant entrance and said pressurant exit; and at least one depressurization exit, connected to said pre-pressurization entrance, between said pressurant entrance and said pressurant exit, wherein said pressurizer is configured so that, during a cycle, said transfer chamber sequentially receives said pressurant at a medium pressure via said pre-pressurization entrance, receives said pressurant at a high pressure via said pressurant entrance, expels said pressurant at another medium pressure via said depressurization exit, and expels said pressurant at a low pressure via said pressurant exit. 17. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein said transfer chamber comprises: a piston configured to separate said pressurant from said propellant inside said transfer chamber; and a spring configured to provide a force on said piston relative to said transfer chamber. 18. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a rotatable spindle housing a plurality of transfer chambers; and a lubricant injector configured to inject a sealing lubricant between said pressurant entrance and said spindle. 19. An impulse reaction engine system, comprising:a pressurant container configured to contain a pressurant;a propellant container configured to contain a propellant;an impulse reaction engine configured to receive said propellant; andat least one transfer chamber movable in a cycle with respect to at least one of said pressurant container, said propellant container, and said eng ine,wherein said engine system is configured so that for a portion of a cycle said pressurant exerts a force on said propellant inside said transfer chamber, andwherein said transfer chamber is configured to receive said pressurant from said pressurant container, receive said propellant from said propellant container, and expel said propellant to said engine by the force exerted by said pressurant upon said propellant inside said transfer chamber. 20. The impulse reaction engine system as claimed in claim 19, further comprising a gas generator configured to generate said pressurant. 21. The impulse reaction engine system as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from said pressurant generated by said gas generator to said propellant. 22. The impulse reaction engine system as claimed in claim 19, further comprising an engine conduit between said transfer chamber and said engine and a propellant conduit between said transfer chamber and said propellant container, wherein said system is configured to be able to provide a continuous stream of said propellant to said engine throughout at least one complete cycle at least when sqrt(Δp entrance )*(A entrance )<sqrt(Δp exit )*(A exit ), where Δp entrance is a pressure drop between said propellant container and a pressurant exhaust, A entrance is a cross sectional area of said propellant conduit, Δp exit is a pressure drop between said pressurant container and said engine, and A exit is a cross sectional area of said engine conduit. 23. An impulse reaction engine system, comprising:an impulse reaction engine configured to receive a propellant and further configured to generate a pressurant; andat least one transfer chamber connected to and movable in a cycle with respect to said engine,wherein said engine system is configured so that for a portion of a cycle said pressurant exerts a force on said propellant inside said transfer chamber, andwherein said transfer chamber is configured to receive said pressurant from said engine and expel said propellant to said engine by the force exerted by said pressurant upon said propellant inside said transfer chamber. 24. The impulse reaction engine system as claimed in claim 23, wherein said engine system comprises at least one differential transfer chamber having a first region having a first cross sectional area and a second region having a second cross sectional area smaller than said first cross sectional area, wherein said differential transfer chamber further comprises a differential piston, movable inside said differential transfer chamber, having a first piston portion having a first piston cross sectional area approximately equal to said first cross sectional area and a second piston portion having a second piston cross sectional area approximately equal to said second cross sectional area. 25. The impulse reaction engine system as claimed in claim 23, further comprising a propellant container configured to contain a propellant, wherein said transfer chamber is configured to receive said propellant from said propellant container. 26. The impulse reaction engine system as claimed in claim 23, wherein said propellant is in a gas state. 27. The impulse reaction engine system as claimed in claim 23, wherein said transfer chamber comprises: a piston configured to separate said pressurant from said propellant inside said transfer chamber; and a spring configured to provide a force on said piston relative to said transfer chamber. 28. The impulse reaction engine system as claimed in claim 23, further comprising a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from said pressurant generated by said engine to said propellant. 29. A fluid transport system for transferring fluid from a low pressure reservoir to an outlet at high pressure in a continuous stream, comprising:a plurality of storage tanks, each of said storage tanks being capable of confining fluid at high pre ssure;draining means for draining fluid from each of said plurality of storage tanks in sequential order to said outlet, said draining means draining each of said plurality of tanks in sequence such that a continuous stream of fluid is supplied to said outlet at high pressure; andfilling means for supplying fluid from said low pressure reservoir to each of said drained storage tanks in sequential order to fill said respective tanks with said fluid;said sequential order of each of said draining means and said filling means being out of phase with each other such that as one storage tank in said plurality is being drained by said draining means, at least another of said storage tanks is being filled by said filling means,wherein said draining means is configured to be able to be draining at least three storage tanks simultaneously. 30. A fluid transport system for transferring fluid from a low pressure reservoir to an outlet at high pressure in a continuous stream, comprising:a plurality of storage tanks, each of said storage tanks being capable of confining fluid at high pressure;draining means for draining fluid from each of said plurality of storage tanks in sequential order to said outlet, said draining means draining each of said plurality of tanks in sequence such that a continuous stream of fluid is supplied to said outlet at high pressure; andfilling means for supplying fluid from said low pressure reservoir to each of said drained storage tanks in sequential order to fill said respective tanks with said fluid;said sequential order of each of said draining means and said filling means being out of phase with each other such that as one storage tank in said plurality is being drained by said draining means, at least another of said storage tanks is being filled by said filling means,wherein said system is configured so that a ratio of a number of storage tanks that are being filled by said filling means to a number of storage tanks that are simultaneously being drained by said draining means is at least three. 31. The fluid transport system as claimed in claim 30, further comprising a pressurant having a pressurant pressure, wherein said ratio is set to be at least approximately a square root of a ratio of a pressure difference between said pressurant pressure and said high pressure to a pressure difference between said low pressure and ambient pressure. 32. A fluid transport system for transferring fluid from a low pressure reservoir to an outlet at high pressure in a continuous stream, comprising:a plurality of storage tanks, each of said storage tanks being capable of confining fluid at high pressure;draining means for draining fluid from each of said plurality of storage tanks in sequential order to said outlet, said draining means draining each of said plurality of tanks in sequence such that a continuous stream of fluid is supplied to said outlet at high pressure; andfilling means for supplying fluid from said low pressure reservoir to each of said drained storage tanks in sequential order to fill said respective tanks with said fluid;said sequential order of each of said draining means and said filling means being out of phase with each other such that as one storage tank in said plurality is being drained by said draining means, at least another of said storage tanks is being filled by said filling means,wherein said fluid transport system comprises at least one differential differential storage tank having a first region having a first cross sectional area and a second region having a second cross sectional area smaller than said first cross sectional area, wherein said differential storage tank further comprises a differential piston, movable inside said differential storage tank, having a first piston portion having a first piston cross sectional area approximately equal to said first cross sectional area and a second piston portion having a second piston cross sectional area approximately equal to said second cross sectional area. 33. The pressurizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a pressurant exit configured for the expulsion of a pressurant exhaust, wherein a cross sectional area of said fluid entrance (A entrance ) and a cross sectional area of said fluid exit (A exit ) are chosen so that sqrt(Δp entrance )*(A entrance ) is at least approximately sqrt(Δp exit )*(A exit ), where Δp entrance is a pressure drop between said fluid entrance and said pressurant exit, and Δp exit is a pressure drop between said pressurant entrance and said fluid exit.
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