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The invention encompasses a method of forming a metallic coating. A metallic glass coating is formed over a metallic substrate. After formation of the coating, at least a portion of the metallic glass can be converted into a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size. The invention als

The invention encompasses a method of forming a metallic coating. A metallic glass coating is formed over a metallic substrate. After formation of the coating, at least a portion of the metallic glass can be converted into a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size. The invention also encompasses metallic coatings comprising metallic glass. Additionally, the invention encompasses metallic coatings comprising crystalline metallic material, with at least some of the crystalline metallic material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

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1. A method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate, comprising:providing a substrate; andforming a molten alloy and cooling said alloy to form a metallic glass coating on the substrate, the forming comprising forming a successive buildup of metallic glass layers, the metallic glass coating hav

1. A method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate, comprising:providing a substrate; andforming a molten alloy and cooling said alloy to form a metallic glass coating on the substrate, the forming comprising forming a successive buildup of metallic glass layers, the metallic glass coating having a hardness of at least about 9.2 GPa, and comprising an alloy containing fewer than 11 elements and wherein said alloy contains one or both of molybdenum and tungsten. 2. A method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate, comprising:providing a substrate;forming a molten alloy and cooling said alloy to form a metallic glass coating on the substrate and having a first hardness of at least about 9.2 GPa, the metallic glass comprising fewer than 11 elements; and converting at least a portion of the metallic glass coating to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size and a second hardness of at least about 9.2 GPa. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a metallic material. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a ceramic material. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the first hardness is at least about 10.0 GPa. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the metallic glass comprises fewer than 7 elements. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the metallic glass coating is applied to the substrate as a plasma spray. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming the metallic glass coating comprises an application of an atomized powder of a metallic glass material over the substrate. 9. The method of claim 2 wherein the forming a metallic glass coating comprises forming a successive buildup of continuous layers. 10. The method of claim 2 wherein the converting comprises heating the metallic glass to above a crystallization temperature of the metallic glass. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the heating comprises heating to a temperature of at least about 600° C. and below a melting temperature of the metallic glass. 12. The method of claim 2 wherein the second hardness is at least about 10.0 GPa. 13. A method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate, comprising:providing a substrate;forming a molten alloy and cooling said alloy to form a metallic glass coating on the substrate; the forming comprising a successive build-up of metallic glass layers, the metallic glass comprising one or more materials selected from the group consisting of (Fe 0.85 Cr 0.15 ) 83 B 17 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 , (Fe 0.75 Cr 0.25 ) 83 B 17 , (Fe 0.6 Co 0.2 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.15 Mo 0.05 ) 83 B 17 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 C 4 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 Si 4 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 Al 4 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Al 4 C 4 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Si 4 C 4 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Si 4 Al 4 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 71 B 17 Si 4 C 4 Al 4 , (Fe 0.7 Co 0.1 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 80 B 20 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 76 B 17 Al 7 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 W 2 C 2 , (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 81 B 17 W 2 , and Fe 64 Ti 3 Cr 5 Mo 2 B 16 C 5 Si 1 Al 2 La 2 ; the metallic glass coating having a hardness of at least about 9.2 GPa andconverting at least a portion of the metallic glass coating to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating is applied to the substrate by a plasma spray system. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the forming the metallic glass coating comprises an application of an atomized powder of a metallic glass material over the substrate. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.85 Cr 0.15 ) 83 B 17 . 17. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.85 Cr 0.15 ) 83 B 17 . 18. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.85 Cr 0.15 ) 83 B 17 . 19. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 20. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 21. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 22. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.75 Cr 0.25 ) 83 B 17 . 23. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.75 Cr 0.25 ) 83 B 17 . 24. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.75 Cr 0.25 ) 83 B 17 . 25. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.6 Co 0.2 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 26. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.6 Co 0.2 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 27. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.6 Co 0.2 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 28. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating of comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.15 Mo 0.05 ) 83 B 17 . 29. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.15 Mo 0.05 ) 83 B 17 . 30. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.15 Mo 0.05 ) 83 B 17 . 31. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 C 4 . 32. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 C 4 . 33. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 C 4 . 34. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 Si 4 . 35. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 Si 4 . 36. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 Si 4 . 37. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 Al 4 . 38. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 Al 4 . 39. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 Al 4 . 40. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Al 4 C 4 . 41. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Al 4 C 4 . 42. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Al 4 C 4 . 43. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Si 4 C 4 . 44. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Si 4 C 4 . 45. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Si 4 C 4 . 46. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Si 4 Al 4 . 47. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Si 4 Al 4 . 48. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 75 B 17 Si 4 Al 4 . 49. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 71 B 17 Si 4 C 4 Al 4 . 50. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 71 B 17 Si 4 C 4 Al 4 . 51. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 71 B 17 Si 4 C 4 Al 4 . 52. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.7 Co 0.1 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 53. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.7 Co 0.1 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 54. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.7 Co 0.1 Cr 0.2 ) 83 B 17 . 55. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 80 B 20 . 56. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 80 B 20 . 57. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 80 B 20 . 58. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 76 B 17 Al 7 . 59. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating of claim 13 consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 76 B 17 Al 7 . 60. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 76 B 17 Al 7 . 61. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 W 2 C 2 . 62. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 W 2 C 2 . 63. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating of claim 13 consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 79 B 17 W 2 C 2 . 64. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating of claim 13 comprises (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 81 B 17 W 2 . 65. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 81 B 17 W 2 . 66. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating of claim 13 consists of (Fe 0.8 Cr 0.2 ) 81 B 17 W 2 . 67. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating of claim 13 comprises Fe 64 Ti 3 Cr 5 Mo 2 B 16 C 5 Si 1 Al 2 La 2 . 68. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating consists essentially Fe 64 Ti 3 Cr 5 Mo 2 B 16 C 5 Si 1 Al 2 La 2 . 69. The method of claim 13 wherein the metallic glass coating of claim 13 consist of Fe 64 Ti 3 Cr 5 Mo 2 B 16 C 5 Si 1 Al 2 La 2 .