[특허]Method and apparatus for measuring displacement or motion error

Optodyne, Inc.

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특허 상세정보

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내보내기 페이스북 공유 트위터 공유 카카오톡 공유

Method and apparatus for measuring displacement or motion error

특허상세정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	G01B-011/14
미국특허분류(USC)	356/614; 356/615; 356/152.3; 356/138; 356/426
출원번호	US-0091388 (2002-03-05)
발명자 / 주소	Wang, Charles
출원인 / 주소	Optodyne, Inc.
대리인 / 주소	Hattis Russell
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 9 인용 특허 : 3

초록
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The degree to which a rotating object like a machine tool spindle undesirably wobbles in directions both transverse and parallel to its axis of rotation is measured preferably by providing a laser beam or other beam energy source which directs the beam toward a beam reflecting surface, most advantageously a curved surface, like a spherical or cylindrical surface. The reflecting surface is most advantageously formed by a spherical body mounted for adjustment in a plane perpendicular to the rotating axis involved, so that the center of the curved surface can be positioned as close as possible to the axis involved before error measurements are taken. In such case, the distance the beam traverses between the beam source and the point on the curved surface struck by the beam is a measure of the degree to which the spindle undesirably wobbles in directions both transverse to and parallel to the spindle axis. The beam source and the beam traverse distance measuring means can be a commercially available laser head which by use of focussing means, if needed, returns the reflected beam to the laser head which is designed to produce beam traverse distance measurement data.

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1. Motion error testing apparatus useable for testing the error motion of the inner end of a spindle rotated about a first longitudinally extending axis or the outer end of a spindle rotatable about a different axis while the inner end remains in a fixed orientation, said apparatus including:a frame having a mounting portion attachable to the outer end of said spindle and an opposite portion having a recess opening onto the end of said opposite portion at the frame;an energy beam-reflecting unit having an inner mounting portion adjustably mounted within said recess and an outer portion located outside of said recess, said outer portion having a curved beam-reflecting surface presenting beam-reflecting points to be spaced varying distances from a source of beam energy to be directed initially to the nearest point on said curved surface, the beam striking other points of said surface if the spindle should wobble in directions transverse to the beam direction, the beam traverse distance to and from the beam source thus being a measure of the spindle error motion;and said frame having thereon means for adjusting the position of said beam reflecting unit in said recess so that a point on said beam-reflecting unit can be adjusted. 2. The motion error testing unit of claim 1 wherein said reflecting surface is a spherical surface and said point of the beam-reflecting unit is the center of the sphere involved. 3. The motion error testing unit of claim 1 combined with a tool holder into which said frame mounting portion is inserted, said tool holder being mounted upon the outer end of said spindle, and a source of said beam energy directed initially toward the nearest point of said curved surface and associated beam traverse distance measuring apparatus for measuring the beam traverse distances involved and where needed focussing means for focusing the reflected beam back to said measuring apparatus when the spindle is rotated about one of said axes and the spindle wobbles transversely of the beam direction. 4. The combination of claim 1 wherein the inner end of said spindle remains in a fixed orientation and is not rotated while the outer end thereof is rotated about said second axis and the inner end of the spindle is bodily moved in a path which keeps the beam of energy directed against the nearest point of said curved surface on the assumption the spindle does not wobble in said transverse direction. 5. The combination of claim 3 wherein the inner end of said spindle remains in a fixed orientation and is not rotated while the outer end thereof is rotated about said second axis and the inner end of the spindle is bodily moved in a path which keeps the beam of energy directed against the nearest point of said curved surface on the assumption the spindle does not wobble in said transverse direction. 6. The motion error testing apparatus of claim 1 wherein said adjusting means include a first pair of adjusting screws threaded into a first pair of aligned bores on the opposite sides of the walls which define said frame recess and engageable with opposite sides of the inner mounting portion of said beam-reflecting unit and a second pair of adjusting screws threaded into a second pair of bores aligned at right angles to said first pair of bores and formed in opposite sides of said recess defining walls to engage with opposite sides of the inner mounting portion of said beam reflecting unit. 7. The motion error testing apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of the inner mounting portion of is said beam-reflecting unit and said frame is a magnet and the other of same includes a magnet-attracting surface which slidably holds the beam-reflecting unit in an adjusted position. 8. The combination of claim 1 wherein said reflecting surface is a spherical surface, said point of said beam-reflecting unit is at the center of the sphere, and said first and second axes are at right angles to each other; and said outer end of said spindle is also rotatable a bout a third axis at right angle to both said first and second axes; and there is provided a source of beam energy and an associated beam traverse distance measuring apparatus like said first measuring apparatus for measuring the beam traverse distances involved. 9. Apparatus for measuring the motion error of a rotating spindle having an inner end which has a first possible axis of rotation, said apparatus including:a first energy beam distance traverse measuring system including a first source of beam energy to be directed at a beam-reflecting surface to be attached to the outer end of said spindle and an associated beam traverse distance measuring means for measuring the distance the beam directed by said first source traverses as it goes from the beam directing point to said reflecting surface and then is reflected back to a reflected beam-receiving point which can be the same or different point than said beam directing point;a frame attachable to the outer end of said spindle and an energy beam-reflecting surface mounted on said frame so that it can receive and reflect beam energy directed thereto from a given beam directing point, said surface having at least one beam receiving area with points spaced varying distances from said beam directing point so that if the beam is directed toward the nearest point of said surface assuming said spindle ideally does not wobble in any direction transverse to said possible axis of rotation of said spindle said beam will strike the nearest point thereof and if said spindle wobbles in said transverse direction the distances between the beam source and the beam reflecting point on said surface will increase in proportion to the amount the spindle has moved transversely from the ideal axis position, said measuring means providing a measure of the varying distance said beam traverses as said spindle carrying the reflecting surface rotates about said axis. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein there is further provided a second energy beam distance traverse measuring system like said first system including a second source or beam energy to be directed at said beam-deflecting surface in a direction transverse to said spindle axis of rotation and transverse to the direction of the beam generated by said first source of beam energy and a second measuring means like said first measuring means, said second measuring means providing a measure of the varying distance the beam of said second source of beam energy traverses as said spindle carrying the reflecting surface rotates; the measurements made by said first and second measuring means providing respectively distance verses time measurements for each revolution of said spindle constituting sinusoidal and co-sinusoidal-like waveform-producing data; and data processing means for summing said waveform-producing data representing the total spindle error motion for the various angles of rotation of said spindle during which said measurements are taken. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 where said data processing means produces a visible circular waveform representing the combination of said waveform-producing signals indicating the degree to which said spindle wobbles for the various angles of rotation of said spindle. 12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said frame has means for separately adjusting the position of said beam-reflecting surface on said frame along each of two orthogonal adjusting axes which are transverse to the spindle axis of rotation. 13. A method of measuring the error motion of a rotating spindle comprising the steps of:attaching to the outer end of a spindle having at least one axis of rotation an energy beam-reflecting surface having a first surface area facing in a first direction transverse to said axis of rotation and which has points located progressively varying distances from a source of beam energy to be directed thereat in said first direction;directing a first source of said beam energy in said first direction; andimpart ing rotation to said spindle and providing a measure of the variation of the distance between said first beam source and said reflecting surface area over at least one rotation of said spindle, any wobbling of said spindle in a direction transverse to said first direction causing said beam to strike points of said reflecting area of varying distance from said first source in proportion to the degree to which the spindle wobbles in said transverse direction. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein said reflecting surface is a spherical surface. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein a second energy beam source is provided to direct a second energy beam toward said surface in a direction transverse to said spindle axis of rotation and transverse to the direction said first beam is directed;imparting rotation to said spindle about said axis of rotation and measuring the variation of the distance between said second beam source and the beam's reflecting point on said surface at the same time said other distance measurement is taken so that the distance verses time measurement data is obtained for each revolution of said spindle to provide respectively relative sinusoidal and co-sinusoidal-like waveform-producing data for at least a single revolution of said spindle;and summing said waveform data to produce data representing the total spindle error motion for the various angles of rotation of said spindle for which said measurements are taken. 16. The method of claim 14 including the step of adding together said relative sinusoidal and co-sinusoidal-like waveform-producing data to produced a visible circular waveform-like pattern which visibly shows the degree of total transverse spindle error motion for the various spindle angles for which measurements are taken. 17. The method of claim 13 wherein said reflecting surface is one of a spherical and cylindrical surface and there is provided a support frame for said reflecting surface which frame is fixedly attached to the outer end of said spindle, said reflecting surface being supported on said frame so that it can be separately adjusted in position relative to said frame along the one or two orthogonally related adjusting axes involved which are substantially at right angles to the associated beam direction or directions;imparting rotation to said spindle and while measuring said changes in beam traverse distances adjusting the position of said beam reflecting surface along said adjusting axis or axes to minimize the maximum distance measurements involved, so that the center or axis of the spherical or cylindrical surfaces are as close as possible to the axis of the ideal spindle, to minimize the effect of off-centered positions of said surface on the spindle error motion determination involved;and wherein the measurements referred to in claim 13 are taken after the reflecting surface adjustments just referred to are taken. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein after said adjustments referred to therein are made and before the measurements referred to in claim 13 are taken and while said spindle is stationary said reflecting surface is rotated 180 degrees relative to its previous mounted position and maintained in such rotated position while said measurements referred to in claim 13 are taken. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein said beam-reflecting surface is one of a spherical and cylindrically shaped surface. 20. The method of claim 13 wherein said spindle is a machine tool spindle which is to carry a cutting tool having a cutting edge or point thereon and said reflecting surface is one of a spherical or cylindrical surface, the center or axis of the spherical or cylindrical beam-reflecting surface being located at the desired cutting edge or point of the tool. 21. The method of claim 13 wherein there is provided between each laser beam path measuring system and said beam-reflecting surface a focus lens which receives the beam reflected from said beam-reflecting surface and focuses the refle cted beam back to said beam directing and receiving portion of said measuring system. 22. The method of claim 13 applied to a machine where the spindle has an inner portion rotatable about its longitudinal axis and an outer portion which can be rotated about second or third axes of rotation which are at right angles to each other and transverse to said longitudinal axis; said reflecting surface is a spherical surface; while said inner and outer portions of said spindle are fixed in alignment and the spindle is rotated about its longitudinal axis carrying out said method of claim 13. 23. The method of claim 13 wherein said reflecting surface is a spherical surface, said spindle has an inner portion which can be rotated about its longitudinal axis but is kept from such rotation during the carrying out of the method recited therein, said spindle has an outer portion which is selectively rotatable relative to the non-rotatable inner spindle portion about either a second or third axis at right angles to each other and to said longitudinal axis; said method of claim 13 being carried out while said outer end of said spindle is rotated about said second axis while the inner end portion of said spindle carrying the outer end portion thereof is bodily moved along a path which keeps the energy beam involved directed toward what would be the nearest portion thereof if there was no transverse wobbling of said inner rotated portion. 24. The method of claim 23 repeated for the circumstance where the outer spindle portion is rotated about said third axis. 25. The method of claim 24 repeated for the circumstance where the inner and outer portions of the spindle are aligned and rotated about said longitudinal axis.

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이 특허를 인용한 특허 피인용횟수: 9

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특허 상세정보

Method and apparatus for measuring displacement or motion error

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Method and apparatus for measuring displacement or motion error

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