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The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for facilitating the movement of fluids, transferring mechanical power to fluid mediums, as well as deriving power from moving fluids. The present invention employs an impeller system in a variety of applications involving the displaceme

The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for facilitating the movement of fluids, transferring mechanical power to fluid mediums, as well as deriving power from moving fluids. The present invention employs an impeller system in a variety of applications involving the displacement of fluids, including for example, any conventional pumps, fans, compressors, generators, circulators, blowers, generators, turbines, transmissions, various hydraulic and pneumatic systems, and the like.

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1. An impeller assembly, comprising:(a) a central hub;(b) a first reinforcing backing plate fixedly connected to the central hub;(c) a stacked array of parallel discs fixedly connected to the first reinforcing backing plate, wherein the each disc possesses a central aperture, and wherein the discs a

1. An impeller assembly, comprising:(a) a central hub;(b) a first reinforcing backing plate fixedly connected to the central hub;(c) a stacked array of parallel discs fixedly connected to the first reinforcing backing plate, wherein the each disc possesses a central aperture, and wherein the discs are inter-spaced along a parallel axis;(d) at least two rods to fixedly connect the central hub, the first and second reinforcing backing plates and the stacked array of discs;(e) a support frame attached to one end of the rods;(f) a second reinforcing backing plate fixedly attached to the stacked array of parallel discs, wherein the second reinforcing backing plate possesses a central aperture; and(g) a central cavity formed by the central apertures, the central cavity being devoid of a shaft, whereby, upon radial movement of the central hub, a fluid flows through the central apertures of the second reinforcing backing plate and the stacked array of discs and the spaces between the discs. 2. The impeller assembly of claim 1, further comprising a series of spacers having a central aperture, wherein the spacers are fixedly connected to the discs, creating spaces between the discs. 3. A pump, comprising:(a) the impeller assembly of claim 1;(b) a housing in which the impeller assembly is contained, creating a complementary surface for the impeller assembly, and wherein a gap is established between the impeller assembly and the housing, defining a zone of high pressure, wherein the housing has an inlet port and an outlet port; and(c) a bearing assembly retained in the housing and in tight association with the shaft section of the central hub for retaining and supporting the impeller assembly, wherein the impeller assembly is radially driven to draw fluid from the inlet port into the central apertures of the backing plate and along the discs and propelled under pressure to the outlet port. 4. A jet pump, comprising:(a) the impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the central hub has a shaft section and a flange section;(b) a housing in which the impeller assembly is contained, creating a complementary surface for the impeller assembly, and wherein a gap is established between the impeller assembly and the housing, defining a zone of high pressure, wherein the housing has an outlet port;(c) a cover fixedly attached to the housing, having a cowl section, wherein the cowl section has an inlet port; and(d) a bearing assembly retained in the housing and in tight association with the shaft section of the central hub for retaining and supporting the impeller assembly, wherein the impeller assembly is radially driven to draw fluid from the inlet port into the central apertures of the backing plate and along the discs and propelled under pressure to the outlet port. 5. A hydroelectric turbine, comprising:(a) the impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the first reinforcing backing plate is integral with the central hub;(b) a housing in which the impeller assembly is contained creating a complementary surface for the impeller assembly, wherein the housing has a penstock and an outlet port;(c) a plurality of wicket gates pivotably connected to the housing such that the flow of the fluid to the impeller assembly is regulated;(d) a controlling mechanism connected to the plurality of wicket gates such that the position of the wicket gates is adjustable; and(e) a bearing assembly retained in the housing and in tight association with the shaft section of the central hub for retaining and supporting the impeller assembly, wherein the impeller assembly is radially driven by the fluid flowing from the penstock through the wicket gates across the discs of the impeller assembly and eventually discharged from the outlet port. 6. A fluid turbine, comprising:(a) an impeller assembly comprising:(i) a central hub;(ii) a first reinforcing backing plate fixedly connected to the central hub;(iii) a stacked array of parallel discs fixedly connected to the first reinforcin g backing plate, wherein the discs possess a central aperture, and wherein the discs are inter-spaced along a parallel axis;(iv) a second reinforcing backing plate fixedly attached to the stacked array of parallel discs, wherein the second reinforcing backing plate possesses a central aperture, whereby, upon radial movement of the central hub, a fluid flows through the central apertures of the second reinforcing backing plate and the stacked array of discs and the spaces between the discs;(v) at least two rods extending through the array of parallel discs; and(vi) a support frame attached to one end of the rods;(b) a housing in which the impeller assembly is contained within creating a complementary surface for the impeller assembly, wherein the housing has a plurality of reversing nozzle housings providing a plurality of inlets, and wherein the housing has an outlet port;(c) a plurality of reversing nozzles contained within the reversing nozzle housings;(d) a controlling mechanism connected to the plurality of reversing nozzles such that the position of the reversing nozzles is adjustable;(e) a fluid inlet conduit connected to the reversing nozzles; and(f) a bearing assembly retained in the housing and in tight association with a shaft of the impeller assembly for retaining and supporting the impeller assembly, wherein the impeller assembly is radially driven by the fluid flowing from the reversing nozzles and through the inlets across the discs of the impeller assembly and eventually discharged from the outlet port. 7. A turbine transmission, comprising:(a) a pump comprising:(i) an impeller assembly comprising:a) a central hub;b) a first reinforcing backing plate fixedly connected to the central hub;c) a stacked array of parallel discs fixedly connected to the first reinforcing backing plate, wherein the discs possess a central aperture, and wherein the discs are inter-spaced along a parallel axis; andd) a second reinforcing backing plate fixedly attached to the stacked array of parallel discs, wherein the second reinforcing backing plate possesses a central aperture, whereby, upon radial movement of the central hub, a fluid flows through the central apertures of the second reinforcing backing plate and the stacked array of discs and the spaces between the discs;(ii) a housing in which the impeller assembly is contained, creating a complementary surface for the impeller assembly, and wherein a gap is established between the impeller assembly and the housing, defining a zone of high pressure, wherein the housing has an inlet port and an outlet port; and(iii) a bearing assembly retained in the housing and in tight association with the shaft section of the central hub for retaining and supporting the impeller assembly, wherein the impeller assembly is radially driven to draw fluid from the inlet port into the central apertures of the backing plate and along the discs and propelled under pressure to the outlet port;(b) the fluid turbine of claim 6;(c) a sump section having an sump inlet conduit connected to the inlet port of the pump, and wherein the sump section has an sump outlet conduit connected to the exhaust port of the fluid turbine; and(d) a high pressure line connecting the exhaust port of the pump and the fluid inlet conduit of the fluid turbine, such that a closed system is created, and whereby fluid is drawn from the sump section through the sump inlet conduit and inlet port of the pump and driven by the impeller assembly out the exhaust port of the pump through the high pressure line to the fluid inlet conduit to the reversing nozzles whereby the impeller assembly of the turbine is radially driven and the fluid is eventually exhausted through the exhaust port of the turbine through the sump outlet conduit such that the fluid is continuously recycled. 8. A method for displacing fluids, which comprises:(a) priming a pump comprising:(i) an impeller having a central hub; a first reinforcing backing plate fixedly connect ed to the central hub; a stacked array of parallel discs fixedly connected to the first reinforcing backing plate, wherein the each disc possesses a central aperture, and wherein the discs are inter-spaced along a parallel axis; at least two rods to fixedly connect the central hub, the first and second reinforcing backing plates and the stacked array of discs; a support frame attached to one end of the rods; a second reinforcing backing plate fixedly attached to the stacked array of parallel discs, wherein the second reinforcing backing plate possesses a central aperture; and a central cavity formed by the central apertures, the central cavity being devoid of a shaft, whereby,(ii) a housing in which the impeller assembly is contained, creating a complementary surface for the impeller assembly, and wherein a gap is established between the impeller assembly and the housing defining a zone of high pressure, and(iii) a bearing assembly retained in the housing and in tight association with the shaft section of the central hub for retaining and supporting the impeller assembly;(b) radially driving the impeller assembly of claims 5 or 6 ;(c) drawing fluid from the inlet port into the housing through the central apertures of the backing plate and discs and along the discs;(d) propelling the fluid through the impeller assembly to the high pressure zone at the gap between the complementary surface of the housing and the impeller assembly; and(e) driving the fluid through the exhaust port of the housing, whereby the fluid is continuously drawn into the inlet port and exhausted through the outlet port. 9. A method for transferring mechanical power from a propelled fluid, comprising:(a) channeling a propelled fluid to the turbine according to claims 5 or 6 ;(b) directing the flow of fluid to the impeller assembly such that the fluid imparts radial movement to the impeller assembly; and(c) exhausting the fluid through the exhaust port, whereby the kinetic energy of the fluid is transferred to radial movement of the impeller assembly. 10. A fuel turbine, comprising:(a) a compressor impeller assembly comprising:(j) a central hub;(ii) a stacked array of parallel discs, each disc having a central aperture, the discs being inter-spaced along a parallel axis, whereby, upon radial movement of the central hub, a fluid flows through the central apertures of the stacked array of discs and the spaces between the discs to increase the pressure of the fluid; and(iii) a fluid outlet to release the high pressure fluid;(b) a power impeller assembly comprising:(i) a combustor to introduce the high pressure fluid to the fuel and to ignite the fuel, the combustor having a fluid inlet to receive the released high pressure fluid and a fuel inlet to receive fuel;(ii) a central hub;(iii) a stacked array of parallel discs, each disc having a central aperture, the discs being inter-spaced along a parallel axis, whereby, upon ignition of the fuel, a fluid flows across the stacked array of discs;(iv) at least two rods extending through the array of parallel discs; and(v) a support frame attached to one end of the rods;(c) a shaft extending from the central hub of the compressor impeller assembly to the central hub of the power impeller assembly, whereby the shaft is rotated by the fluid flowing across the discs of the power impeller assembly; and(d) a starter in communication with the shaft to initiate radial movement of the central hub. 11. A fluid turbine, comprising:(a) an impeller assembly comprising:(i) a central hub;(ii) at least two rods to fixedly connect the central hub and extending through the stacked array of discs;(iii) a support frame attached to one end of the rods; and(iv) a stacked array of parallel discs, each disc having a central aperture, the discs being inter-spaced along a parallel axis, whereby, upon radial movement of the central hub, a fluid flows through the central apertures of the stacked array of discs and the spaces between the discs; (b) at least one housing in which the impeller assembly is contained within creating a complementary surface for the impeller assembly, wherein the housing has a plurality of reversing nozzle housings providing at least one inlet, and wherein the housing has an outlet port;(c) at least one reversing nozzle each contained within the reversing nozzle housing;(d) a controlling mechanism connected to the plurality of reversing nozzles such that the position of the reversing nozzles is adjustable;(e) a fluid inlet conduit connected to the reversing nozzles; and(f) a bearing assembly in supporting association with a shaft of the impeller assembly, wherein the impeller assembly is radially driven by the fluid flowing from the reversing nozzles and through the inlets across the discs of the impeller assembly and eventually discharged from the outlet port. 12. A support frame in an impeller assembly having a stacked array of parallel inter-spaced discs, each disc having a central aperture, through which central apertures a fluid flows and along the spaces between the discs, the impeller assembly further having at least two rods extending through the array of discs, the support frame comprising:(a) at least two rod attachments, each rod attachment for securing one end of each of the rods to the array of discs, and(b) at least two arms having a first arm end being coupled to at least one of the rod attachments. 13. The support frame of claim 12, further including a shaft attachment and wherein a second arm end is coupled to the shaft attachment. 14. A fuel turbine, comprising:(a) a compressor impeller assembly comprising:(i) a central hub;(ii) a stacked array of parallel discs, each disc having a central aperture, the discs being inter-spaced along a parallel axis, whereby, upon radial movement of the central hub, a fluid flows through the central apertures of the stacked array of discs and the spaces between the discs to increase the pressure of the fluid;(iii) at least two rods extending through the array of parallel discs;(iv) a support frame attached to one end of the rods; and(v) a fluid outlet to release the high pressure fluid;(b) a power impeller assembly comprising:(j) a combustor to introduce the high pressure fluid to the fuel and to ignite the fuel, the combustor having a fluid inlet to receive the released high pressure fluid and a fuel inlet to receive fuel;(ii) a central hub; and(iii) a stacked array of parallel discs, each disc having a central aperture, the discs being inter-spaced along a parallel axis, whereby, upon ignition of the fuel, a fluid flows across the stacked array of discs;(c) a shaft extending from the central hub of the compressor impeller assembly to the central hub of the power impeller assembly, whereby the shaft is rotated by the fluid flowing across the discs of the power impeller assembly; and(d) a starter in communication with the shaft to initiate radial movement of the central hub. 15. The fuel turbine of claims 10 or 14 , wherein the support frame comprises a shaft attachment. 16. An impeller assembly, comprising:(a) a central hub;(a) a reinforcing backing plate fixedly connected to the central hub;(b) a stacked array of parallel discs fixedly connected to the reinforcing backing plate, wherein the each disc possesses a central aperture, and wherein the discs are inter-spaced along a parallel axis;(c) at least two rods to fixedly connect the central hub, the reinforcing backing plate and the stacked array of discs;(d) a support frame attached to one end of the rods; and(e) a central cavity formed by the central apertures, the central cavity being devoid of a shaft, whereby, upon radial movement of the central hub, a fluid flows through the central apertures of the stacked array of discs and the spaces between the discs.