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Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0841307 (2001-04-24) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 231 인용 특허 : 276 |
A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H 2 , and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation from heat sources to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a desired temperat
A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H 2 , and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation from heat sources to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a desired temperature. Some of the heat sources may include heater elements. The heater elements may be lengths of bare metal disposed within wellbores within the formation.
1. An in situ method for heating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:applying an electrical current to an elongated member to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation, wherein the elongated member is disposed in an opening of the formation;flowing an oxidizing fluid through at
1. An in situ method for heating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:applying an electrical current to an elongated member to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation, wherein the elongated member is disposed in an opening of the formation;flowing an oxidizing fluid through at least one opening in the elongated member to inhibit carbon deposition proximate to or on the elongated member; andallowing heat to transfer from the elongated member to a section of the formation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the elongated member comprises a metal strip. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the elongated member comprises a metal rod. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the elongated member comprises stainless steel. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising supporting the elongated member on a center support member. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising electrically isolating the member with at least one centralizer. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising electrically coupling the elongated member in a series configuration to another elongated member. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising electrically coupling the elongated member in a parallel configuration to another elongated member. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the provided heat comprises approximately 650 W/m to approximately 1650 W/m. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a temperature distribution in the elongated member using an electromagnetic signal provided to the elongated member. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring electrical current applied to the elongated member. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring a voltage applied to the elongated member. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring a temperature of the elongated member with at least one thermocouple. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises a low resistance conductor configured to generate less heat than the elongated member. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member using a cold pin transition conductor. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member using a cold pin transition conductor, wherein the cold pin transition conductor comprises a low resistance insulated conductor. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in an overburden of the formation. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein the overburden casing comprises steel. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in cement. 20. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein a packing material is disposed at a junction of the overburden casing and the opening. 21. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein a packing material is disposed at a junction of the overburden casing and the opening, and wherein the method further comprises inhibiting a flow of fluid between the opening and the overburden casing with the packing material. 22. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating at least the portion of the formation to pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons within the formation. 23. An in situ method for heating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:applying an electrical current to at least one elongated member to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation, wherein at least the one elongated member is disposed within an opening in the formation;providing an oxidizing fluid to at least the one elongated member to inhibit carbon depositio n on or proximate to at least the one elongated member; andallowing heat to transfer from at least the one elongated member to a section of the formation. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein at least the one elongated member comprises a metal strip. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein at least the one elongated member comprises a metal rod. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein at least the one elongated member comprises stainless steel. 27. The method of claim 23, further comprising supporting at least the one elongated member on a center support member. 28. The method of claim 23, further comprising supporting at least the one elongated member on a center support member, wherein the center support member comprises a tube. 29. The method of claim 23, further comprising electrically isolating at least the one elongated member with a centralizer. 30. The method of claim 23, further comprising laterally spacing at least the one elongated member with a centralizer. 31. The method of claim 23, further comprising electrically coupling at least the one elongated member in a series configuration. 32. The method of claim 23, further comprising electrically coupling at least the one elongated member in a parallel configuration. 33. The method of claim 23, wherein the provided heat comprises approximately 650 W/m to approximately 1650 W/m. 34. The method of claim 23, further comprising determining a temperature distribution in at least the one elongated member using an electromagnetic signal provided to at least the one elongated member. 35. The method of claim 23, further comprising monitoring the applied electrical current. 36. The method of claim 23, further comprising monitoring a voltage applied to at least the one elongated member. 37. The method of claim 23, further comprising monitoring a temperature in at least the one elongated member with at least one thermocouple. 38. The method of claim 23, further comprising supporting at least the one elongated member on a center support member, wherein the center support member comprises openings, wherein providing the oxidizing fluid to at least the one elongated member comprises flowing the oxidizing fluid through the openings in the center support member. 39. The method of claim 23, wherein providing the oxidizing fluid to at least the one elongated member comprises flowing the oxidizing fluid through orifices in a tube disposed in the opening proximate to at least the one elongated member. 40. The method of claim 23, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to at least the one elongated member, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises a low resistance conductor configured to generate substantially no heat. 41. The method of claim 23, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to at least the one elongated member using a cold pin transition conductor. 42. The method of claim 23, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to at least the one elongated member using a cold pin transition conductor, wherein the cold pin transition conductor comprises a substantially low resistance insulated conductor. 43. The method of claim 23, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in an overburden of the formation. 44. The method of claim 23, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein the overburden casing comprises steel. 45. The method of claim 23, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in cement. 46. The method of claim 23, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein a packing material is disposed at a junction of the overburden casing and the opening. 47. The method of claim 23, further comprising coupling an overburden casing to the opening, wherein a packing material is disposed at a junction of the overburden casing and the opening, and wherein the met hod further comprises inhibiting a flow of fluid between the opening and the overburden casing with the packing material. 48. The method of claim 23, further comprising heating at least the portion of the formation to pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons within the formation. 49. A system for heating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:an elongated member disposed in an opening in the formation, wherein the elongated member is configured to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation during use;an oxidizing fluid source;a conduit disposed in the opening, wherein the conduit is configured to provide an oxidizing fluid from the oxidizing fluid source to the opening during use, and wherein the oxidizing fluid is selected to inhibit carbon deposition on or proximate to the elongated member during use; andwherein the system is configured to allow heat to transfer from the elongated member to a section of the formation during use. 50. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member is “U” shaped. 51. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member comprises a rod of electrically conductive material. 52. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member comprises stainless steel. 53. The system of claim 49, further comprising a support member coupled to the elongated member. 54. The system of claim 49, further comprising a spacer configured to establish a separation distance between a first section of the elongated member and a second section of the elongated member. 55. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member comprises a conduit. 56. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member comprises a first material and a second material, the first material having greater creep resistance than the second material. 57. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member comprises a first material and a second material, the first material having greater creep resistance than the second material, and wherein a cross-sectional shape of a first section and a cross-sectional shape of a second section are selected to allow the first section and the second section to dissipate about the same amount of heat per unit length. 58. The system of claim 49, further comprising a lead-in conductor coupled to the elongated member, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises a low resistance conductor. 59. The system of claim 49, further comprising a lead-in conductor coupled to the elongated member, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises a rubber insulated conductor. 60. The system of claim 49, further comprising a lead-in conductor coupled to the elongated member, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises copper wire. 61. The system of claim 49, further comprising a lead-in conductor coupled to the elongated member with a cold pin transition conductor. 62. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member is electrically coupled in series to another elongated member. 63. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member is electrically coupled in parallel to another elongated member. 64. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member is configured to generate radiant heat of approximately 650 W/m to approximately 1650 W/m during use. 65. The system of claim 49, further comprising a perforated tube in the opening external to the elongated member, wherein the perforated tube is configured to remove vapor from the opening to control pressure in the opening during use. 66. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member comprises a first section having a substantially uniform first cross-sectional area and a second section having a substantially uniform second cross-sectional area, wherein the first cross-sectional area is less than the second cross-sectional area so that the first section dissipates more heat per unit length than the second section. 67. The system of claim 49, further comprising a second elongated member positioned in the opening, wherein the second elongated member is electrically coupled to a power source, and spacers configured to electrically separate the elongated member from the second elongated member. 68. The system of claim 49, wherein the elongated member comprises a first section configured to generate more heat per unit length than a second section during use to counteract end effects near a separation between a first hydrocarbon containing layer and a second hydrocarbon containing layer, wherein the second hydrocarbon containing layer contains less hydrocarbon material than the first hydrocarbon containing layer. 69. The system of claim 49, further comprising a power source electrically coupled to the elongated member. 70. An in situ method for heating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:applying an electrical current to an elongated member to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation, wherein the elongated member is disposed in an opening of the formation;supporting the elongated member on a center support member, wherein the center support member comprises openings;flowing an oxidizing fluid through at least one of the openings in the center support member to inhibit carbon deposition proximate to or on the elongated member; andallowing heat to transfer from the elongated member to a section of the formation. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the elongated member comprises a metal strip. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the elongated member comprises a metal rod. 73. The method of claim 70, wherein the elongated member comprises stainless steel. 74. The method of claim 70, further comprising electrically isolating the elongated member with at least one centralizer. 75. The method of claim 70, further comprising electrically coupling the elongated member in a series configuration to another elongated member. 76. The method of claim 70, further comprising electrically coupling the elongated member in a parallel configuration to another elongated member. 77. The method of claim 70, wherein the provided heat comprises approximately 650 W/m to approximately 1650 W/m. 78. The method of claim 70, further comprising determining a temperature distribution in the elongated member using an electromagnetic signal provided to the elongated member. 79. The method of claim 70, further comprising monitoring electrical current applied to the elongated member. 80. The method of claim 70, further comprising monitoring a voltage applied to the elongated member. 81. The method of claim 70, further comprising monitoring a temperature of the elongated member with at least one thermocouple. 82. The method of claim 70, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises a low resistance conductor configured to generate less heat than the elongated member. 83. The method of claim 70, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member using a cold pin transition conductor. 84. The method of claim 70, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member using a cold pin transition conductor, wherein the cold pin transition conductor comprises a low resistance insulated conductor. 85. The method of claim 70, further comprising heating at least the portion of the formation to pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons in the formation. 86. An in situ method for heating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:applying an electrical current to an elongated member to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation, wherein the elongated member is disposed in an opening of the formation;flowing an oxidizing fluid through a tube disposed proximate to the elongated member to inhibit carbon deposition proximate to or on the elongated member; andallowing heat to transfer from the elongated member to a section of the formation. 87. The method of claim 80, wherein the elongated member comprises a metal strip. 88. The method of claim 80, wherein the elongated member comprises a metal rod. 89. The method of claim 80, wherein the elongated member comprises stainless steel. 90. The method of claim 80, further comprising electrically isolating the elongated member with at least one centralizer. 91. The method of claim 80, further comprising electrically coupling the elongated member in a series configuration to another elongated member. 92. The method of claim 80, further comprising electrically coupling the elongated member in a parallel configuration to another elongated member. 93. The method of claim 80, wherein the provided heat comprises approximately 650 W/m to approximately 1650 W/m. 94. The method of claim 80, further comprising determining a temperature distribution in the elongated member using an electromagnetic signal provided to the elongated member. 95. The method of claim 80, further comprising monitoring electrical current applied to the elongated member. 96. The method of claim 86, further comprising monitoring a voltage applied to the elongated member. 97. The method of claim 86, further comprising monitoring a temperature of the elongated member with at least one the thermocouple. 98. The method of claim 86, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises a low resistance conductor configured to generate less heat than the elongated member. 99. The method of claim 86, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member using a cold pin transition conductor. 100. The method of claim 86, further comprising electrically coupling a lead-in conductor to the elongated member using a cold pin transition conductor, wherein the cold pin transition conductor comprises a low resistance insulated conductor. 101. The method of claim 86, further comprising heating at least the portion of the formation to pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons in the formation.
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