초록 ▼

The invention provides an emulsified fuel containing a major portion of hydrocarbon liquid and a minor portion of water, containing a set of additives including an emulsifying system comprising from 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight of at least one sorbitol ester, from 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of at leas

The invention provides an emulsified fuel containing a major portion of hydrocarbon liquid and a minor portion of water, containing a set of additives including an emulsifying system comprising from 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight of at least one sorbitol ester, from 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of at least one polyalkoxylated fatty acid ester and from 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight of at least one polyalkoxylated compound selected from di- and tri-alkylated iso alcohols, the HLB of the emulsifying system varying from 6 to 8.Additive compositions are also provided.

대표청구항 ▼

1. An emulsified fuel containing a major portion of hydrocarbon liquid and a minor portion of from 5 to 35% by weight water, containing a set of additives including an emulsifying system comprising:i) from 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight of at least one sorbitol ester of formula (I) below:in which the ra

1. An emulsified fuel containing a major portion of hydrocarbon liquid and a minor portion of from 5 to 35% by weight water, containing a set of additives including an emulsifying system comprising:i) from 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight of at least one sorbitol ester of formula (I) below:in which the radicals X are identical or different and each correspond to a group selected from OR 1 groups, R 1 being hydrogen or an aliphatic radical having 1-6 carbon atoms, and a R 2 —COO— group where R 2 is hydrogen or a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxylated group and having 6-22 carbon atoms, at least one X radical corresponding to R 2 —COO—,ii) from 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of at least one polyalkoxylated fatty acid ester of formula (II) below:in which R 3 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxylated group and having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 4 is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, n is an integer greater than or equal to 6, and R 5 is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or is:R 6 being a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxylated group and having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms,iii) from 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight of at least one polyalkoxylated compound of general formula (III) below;in which R 9 and R 10 are identical or different, linear or branched alkylene groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, R 7 is linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 8 is selected in the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, andR 11 being a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical, optionally substituted by hydroxylated functions and having 7-22 carbon atoms, m and p are integers varying respectively from 0-20 and from 3-10,the HLB of the emulsifying system varying from 6 to 8. 2. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that emulsifying system concentration is less than or equal to 2% by weight. 3. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that the sorbitol esters of formula (I) are chosen from sorbitan oleates alone or in mixture. 4. The fuel according to claim 2, characterised in that the sorbitol esters of formula (I) are chosen from sorbitan oleates alone or in mixture. 5. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that the fatty acid esters of formula (II) are chosen from oleates, stearates and ricinoleates of polyethyleneglycol, the esters optionally being those of which the polyethyleneglycol fraction has a molecular weight less than or equal to 600. 6. The fuel according to claim 2, characterised in that the fatty acid esters of formula (II) are chosen from oleates, stearates and ricinoleates of polyethyleneglycol, the esters optionally being those of which the polyethyleneglycol fraction has a molecular weight less than or equal to 600. 7. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyalkoxylated compounds of formula (III) are selected from di- and tri-alkylated iso alcohols, each alkyl radical having 1-15 carbon atoms. 8. The fuel according to claim 2, characterised in that the polyalkoxylated compounds of formula (III) are selected from di- and tri-alkylated iso alcohols, each alkyl radical having 1-15 carbon atoms. 9. The fuel according to claim 8, characterised in that the polyalkoxylated compounds of formula (III) are isotridecylic alcohols having 3-10ethoxylated groups. 10. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in thatthe sorbitol esters of formula (I) are chosen from sorbitan oleates alone or in mixture;the fatty acid esters of formula (II) are chosen from oleates, stearates and ricinoleates of polyethyleneglycol, the esters optionally being those of which the polyethyleneglycol fraction has a molecular weight less than or equal to 600;the polyalkoxylated compounds of formula (III) are selected from di- and tri-alkylated iso alcohols, each alkyl radical having 1-15 carbon atoms. 11. The fuel according to claim 2, characterised in thatthe sorbitol esters of formula (I) are chosen from sorbitan oleates alone or in mixture;the fatty acid esters of formula (II) are chosen from oleates, stearates and ricinoleates of polyethyleneglycol, the esters optionally being those of which the polyethyleneglycol fraction has a molecular weight less than or equal to 600;the polyalkoxylated compounds of formula (III) are selected from di- and tri-alkylated iso alcohols, each alkyl radical having 1-15 carbon atoms. 12. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that the hydrocarbon liquid is selected in the group consisting of gasolines, middle distillates, synthetic fuels, animal or vegetable oils whether esterified or not, and mixtures thereof. 13. The fuel according to claim 10, characterised in that the hydrocarbon liquid is selected in the group consisting of gasolines, middle distillates, synthetic fuels, animal or vegetable oils whether esterified or not, and mixtures thereof. 14. The fuel according to claim 11, characterised in that the hydrocarbon liquid is selected in the group consisting of gasolines, middle distillates, synthetic fuels, animal or vegetable oils whether esterified or not, and mixtures thereof. 15. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises cetane-improver additives, selected from peroxides and/or nitrates and mixtures thereof and, optionally, a metallic catalyst for soot post-combustion, said metal being one of those of the group constituted by magnesium, calcium, barium, cerium, copper, iron or mixtures thereof. 16. The fuel according to claim 10, characterised in that it comprises cetane-improver additives, selected from peroxides and/or nitrates and mixtures thereof and, optionally, a metallic catalyst for soot post-combustion, said metal being one of those of the group constituted by magnesium, calcium, barium, cerium, copper, iron or mixtures thereof. 17. The fuel according to claim 14, characterised in that it comprises cetane-improver additives, selected from peroxides and/or nitrates and mixtures thereof and, optionally, a metallic catalyst for soot post-combustion, said metal being one of those of the group constituted by magnesium, calcium, barium, cerium, copper, iron or mixtures thereof. 18. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that the aqueous phase contains a biocide, a bactericide and/or a fungicide and, optionally, an anti-freeze. 19. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that it includes one or several filterability, cloud point improving, lubricity, anti-sedimentation, anti-wear, anti-foaming, anti-corrosion, or detergent additives and/or additives or compositions of additives for improving cold (flow) properties. 20. An additive composition for a fuel, characterised in that it essentially contains the emulsifying system as defined in claim 1 and, optionally, at least one further additive selected from the compounds of the group consisting of cetane-improvers, combustion and soot combustion catalytic promoters, biocides, anti-freezes, detergents, lubricating additives, anti-wear additives, anti-foaming additives, anti-corrosion additives and additives or additive compositions for improving cold (flow) properties. 21. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that R 4 is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms. 22. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that n is an integer from 6 to 30. 23. The fuel according to claim 1, characterised in that R 7 is a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 24. The fuel according to claim 3, characterised in that the sorbitan oleate comprises sorbitan sesquioleate. 25. The fuel according to claim 4, ch aracterised in that the sorbitan oleate comprises sorbitan sesquioleate. 26. The fuel according to claim 5, characterised in that the polyethyleneglycol fraction has a molecular weight less than 450. 27. The fuel according to claim 6, characterised in that the polyethyleneglycol fraction has a molecular weight less than 450. 28. The fuel according to claim 7, characterised in that the alkyl radicals comprise 2-12 carbon atoms. 29. The fuel according to claim 8, characterised in that the alkyl radicals comprise 2-12 carbon atoms. 30. The fuel according to claim 10, characterised in that the sorbitan oleate comprises sorbitan sesquioleate. 31. The fuel according to claim 10, characterised in that the polyethyleneglycol fraction has a molecular weight less than 450. 32. The fuel according to claim 10, characterised in that the alkyl radicals comprise 2-12 carbon atoms. 33. The fuel according to claim 11, characterised in that the sorbitan oleate comprises sorbitan sesquioleate. 34. The fuel according to claim 11, characterised in that the polyethyleneglycol fraction has a molecular weight less than 450. 35. The fuel according to claim 11, characterised in that the alkyl radicals comprise 2-12 carbon atoms. 36. The fuel according to claim 20, characterised in that the fuel is a motor fuel.