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Disclosed herein are dry powder compositions comprising a pharmacologically active polypeptide and a surfactant, wherein at least 50% of the total mass of the polypeptide and the surfactant consists of primary particles having a diameter less than 10 microns. The compositions are suitable for inhala

Disclosed herein are dry powder compositions comprising a pharmacologically active polypeptide and a surfactant, wherein at least 50% of the total mass of the polypeptide and the surfactant consists of primary particles having a diameter less than 10 microns. The compositions are suitable for inhalation from a dry powder inhaler device.

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1. A propellant-free composition consisting of (A) a polypeptide, and (B) one or more surfactant compounds which (i) have a consistency that permits them to be processed into primary particles having a diameter less than 10 microns, and (ii) enhance the systemic absorption of said polypeptide in the

1. A propellant-free composition consisting of (A) a polypeptide, and (B) one or more surfactant compounds which (i) have a consistency that permits them to be processed into primary particles having a diameter less than 10 microns, and (ii) enhance the systemic absorption of said polypeptide in the lower respiratory tract of a patient, said composition being in the form of a dry powder suitable for inhalation from a dry powder inhaler device, wherein at least 50% of the total mass of (A) and (B) consists of primary particles having a diameter less than 10 microns or equal to about 10 microns, and wherein each of the one or more surfactant compounds is selected from the group consisting of a salt of a fatty acid, bile salt, single-chain phospholipid, double-chain phospholipid in which each chain of the double-chain phospholipid is eight or fewer carbon atoms in length, alkyl glycoside, cyclodextrin or derivative thereof, salt of a glycyrrhizine acid, salt of a saponin glycoside, salt of an acyl carnitine, and sodium salicylate. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide is a polypeptide hormone. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said hormone is vasopressin, desmopressin, glucagon, corticotropin (ACTH), gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone, or LHRH), calcitonin, C-peptide of insulin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), human growth hormone (hGH), growth hormone (HG), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), somatostatin, gonadotropin agonist, human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), recombinant human thyroxine releasing hormone (TRHrh), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), or prolactin. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide is a growth factor, interleukin, polypeptide vaccine, enzyme, endorphin, glycoprotein, lipoprotein, or polypeptide involved in the blood coagulation cascade, that exerts its pharmacological effect systemically. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 30 kD. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 25 kD. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 20 kD. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 15 kD. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 10 kD. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more surfactant compounds is a bile salt, an alkyl glycoside, a cyclodextrin or derivative thereof, a single-chain phospholipid, or a double-chain phospholipid in which each chain of the double-chain phospholipid is eight or fewer carbon atoms in length. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more surfactant compounds is a salt of a fatty acid. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein said fatty acid has 10-14 carbon atoms. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein said fatty acid is capric acid. 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more surfactant compounds is sodium caprate. 15. A method for systemic administration of a biologically active polypeptide to a patient, comprisingproviding the composition of claim 1; andcausing said patient to inhale said composition from a dry powder inhaler device for a time and under conditions effective for the polypeptide to be absorbed through epithelial cells of the lower respiratory tract. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said dry powder is provided in said dry powder inhaler device in the form of agglomerates of said particles, said agglomerates being substantially deagglomerated prior to entering the respiratory tract of said patient. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the polypeptide is a polypeptide hormone. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said hormone is vasopressin, desmopressin, glucagon, corticotropin (ACTH), gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone, or LHRH), calcitonin, C -peptide of insulin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), human growth hormone (hGH), growth hormone (HG), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), somatostatin, gonadotropin agonist, human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), recombinant human thyroxine releasing hormone (TRHrh), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), or prolactin. 19. The method of claim 15 wherein the surfactant compound is a salt of a fatty acid. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the surfactant compound is sodium caprate. 21. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more surfactant compounds is a bile salt. 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein said bile salt is sodium taurocholate. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein said polypeptide is a growth factor, interleukin, polypeptide vaccine, enzyme, endorphin, glycoprotein, lipoprotein, or polypeptide involved in the blood coagulation cascade. 24. The method of claim 15, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 30 kD. 25. The method of claim 15, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 25 kD. 26. The method of claim 15, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 20 kD. 27. The method of claim 15, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 15 kD. 28. The method of claim 15, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 10 kD. 29. The method of claim 15, wherein said surfactant compound is an alkyl glycoside, a cyclodextrin or derivative thereof, a single chain phospholipid, or a double-chain phospholipid in which each chain of the double-chain phospholipid is eight or fewer carbon atoms in length. 30. The method of claim 19, wherein said fatty acid has 10-14 carbon atoms. 31. The method of claim 19, wherein said fatty acid is capric acid. 32. The method of claim 15, wherein said surfactant compound is a bile salt. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein said bile salt is sodium taurocholate. 34. A dry powder inhaler device containing the composition of claim 1. 35. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said polypeptide is a polypeptide hormone. 36. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 35, wherein said hormone is vasopressin, desmopressin, glucagon, corticotropin (ACTH), gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone, or LHRH), calcitonin, C-peptide of insulin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), human growth hormone (hGH), growth hormone (HG), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), somatostatin, gonadotropin agonist, human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), recombinant human thyroxine releasing hormone (TRHrh), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), or prolactin. 37. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said polypeptide is a growth factor, interleukin, polypeptide vaccine, enzyme, endorphin, glycoprotein, lipoprotein, or polypeptide involved in the blood coagulation cascade. 38. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 30 kD. 39. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 25 kD. 40. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 20 kD. 41. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 15 kD. 42. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 10 kD. 43. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said surfactant compound is an alkyl glycoside, a cyclodextrin or derivative thereof, or a phospholipid. 44. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said surfactant is a salt of a fatty acid. 45. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 44, wherein said fatty acid has 10-14 carbon atoms. 46. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 45, wherein said fatty acid is capric acid. 47. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said surfactant is sodium caprate. 48. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said surfactant compound is a bile salt. 49. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 48, wherein said bile salt is sodium taurocholate. 50. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, wherein said primary particles are formed into agglomerates, said device being configured to induce the majority of said agglomerates to break down into particles having a diameter less than 10 microns or equal to about 10 microns, upon inhalation of said agglomerates from said device. 51. The dry powder inhaler device of claim 34, said inhaler device being a multi dose, breath actuated, dry powder inhaler for multiple use. 52. The composition of claim 1, wherein the primary particles are agglomerated. 53. A propellant-free composition consisting of(A) a polypeptide;(B) a surfactant compound that (i) has a consistency that permits it to be processed into primary particles having a diameter less than 10 microns, and (ii) enhances the systemic absorption of said polypeptide in the lower respiratory tract of a patient; and,(C) one or more additives selected from the group consisting of a mono- or disaccharide, raffinose, melezitose, sugar alcohol and polyol, said composition being in the form of a dry powder suitable for inhalation from a dry powder inhaler device and into the lower respiratory tract, wherein at least 50% of the total mass of (A) and (B) consists of primary particles having a diameter less than 10 microns or equal to about 10 microns, and wherein the surfactant compound is selected from the group consisting of a salt of a fatty acid, bile salt, single-chain phospholipid, double-chain phospholipid in which each chain of the double-chain phospholipid is eight or fewer carbon atoms in length, alkyl glycoside, cyclodextrin or derivative thereof, salt of a glycyrrhizine acid, salt of a saponin glycoside, salt of an acyl carnitine, and sodium salicylate. 54. The composition of claim 53, wherein the one or more additives comprise either(a) particles having a diameter of less than 10 microns or equal to about 10 microns, such that at least 50% of the composition consists of primary particles having a diameter of less than 10 microns or equal to about 10 microns; or(b) coarse particles having a diameter of at least 20 microns, such that an ordered mixture is formed between (i) the one or more additives, and (ii) the polypeptide of (A) and the surfactant compound of (B). 55. The composition of claim 53, wherein the polypeptide is a polypeptide hormone. 56. The composition of claim 55, wherein said hormone is vasopressin, desmopressin, glucagon, corticotropin (ACTH), gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone, or LHRH), calcitonin, C-peptide of insulin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), human growth hormone (hGH), growth hormone (HG), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), somatostatin, gonadotropin agonist, human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), recombinant human thyroxine releasing hormone (TRHrh), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), or prolactin. 57. The composition of claim 53, wherein the polypeptide is a growth factor, interleukin, polypeptide vaccine, enzyme, endorphin, glycoprotein, lipoprotein, or polypeptide involved in the blood coagulation cascade, that exerts its pharmacological effect systemically. 58. The composition of claim 53, wherein the polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 30 kD. 59. The composition of claim 53, wherein the polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 25 kD. 60. The composition of claim 53, wherein the polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 20 kD. 61. The composition of claim 53, wherein the polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 15 kD. 62. The composition of claim 53, wherein the polypeptide has a molecular weight of less than 10 kD. 63. The composition of claim 53, wherein the surfactant compound is a bile salt, an alkyl glycoside, a cycl odextrin or derivative thereof, a single-chain phospholipid, or a double-chain phospholipid in which each chain of the double-chain phospholipid is eight or fewer carbon atoms in length. 64. The composition of claim 53, wherein the surfactant compound is a salt of a fatty acid. 65. The composition of claim 64, wherein the fatty acid has 10-14 carbon atoms. 66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the fatty acid is capric acid. 67. The composition of claim 53, wherein the surfactant compound is sodium caprate. 68. The composition of claim 53, wherein the surfactant compound is a bile salt. 69. The composition of claim 53, wherein the primary particles are agglomerated. 70. The composition of claim 53, wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of lactose, glucose, raffinose, melezitose, lactitol, maltitol, trehalose, sucrose, and mannitol.