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A voltage regulator is part of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and field winding and connected to a vehicle battery and devices for supplying a voltage and powering vehicle devices. The voltage regulator includes a microcontroller operative for monitoring output voltages

A voltage regulator is part of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and field winding and connected to a vehicle battery and devices for supplying a voltage and powering vehicle devices. The voltage regulator includes a microcontroller operative for monitoring output voltages representative of monitored load changes within the vehicle. A power output circuit is operatively connected to the microcontroller and connects to a field winding. The microcontroller is operative for changing the field duty cycle of the generator or alternator by turning ON and OFF the power output circuit in a predetermined manner as established by the microcontroller based on monitored load changes.

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1. A voltage regulator that regulates the output voltage of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and field winding and connected to a vehicle battery and vehicle devices for supplying a voltage and recharging the battery and powering vehicle devices comprising:a microcontrolle

1. A voltage regulator that regulates the output voltage of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and field winding and connected to a vehicle battery and vehicle devices for supplying a voltage and recharging the battery and powering vehicle devices comprising:a microcontroller operative for monitoring output voltages representative of monitored load changes of the vehicle; anda power output circuit controlled by the microcontroller and that connects to a field winding of the vehicle wherein the microcontroller is operative for changing the field duty cycle of the generator or alternator by turning ON and OFF the power output circuit in a predetermined manner as established by the microcontroller based on monitored load changes within the vehicle. 2. A voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller is operative for changing the load response of the alternator or generator based on monitored load changes to provide a full output voltage after a predetermined period of time. 3. A voltage regulator according to claim 2, wherein the microcontroller is operative for changing the time period in which the alternator or generator responds to monitored load changes. 4. A voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller is operative for monitoring the input frequency of the alternator or generator and setting an output response rate dependent on the input frequency. 5. A voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller has an output pin operatively connected to vehicle ignition for monitoring vehicle ignition power and an output pin operatively connected to a vehicle indicator light for monitoring a vehicle indicator light. 6. A voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the power output circuit comprises a power output transistor. 7. A voltage regulator according to claim 1, and further comprising a diode or transistor operatively connected to said microcontroller, wherein voltage is measured on the diode or transistor to determine changes in temperature within the voltage regulator, wherein the field duty cycle is also changed based on changes in temperature. 8. A voltage regulator that regulates the output voltage of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and field winding and connected to a vehicle battery and vehicle devices for supplying a voltage and recharging the battery and powering vehicle devices comprising:a microcontroller operative for monitoring output voltages representative of monitored load changes of the vehicle;a power output circuit operatively connected to a field winding, vehicle battery and controlled by said microcontroller and operable within the voltage regulator in a high voltage side drive configuration; anda voltage step-up circuit operatively connected to the power output circuit and microcontroller and controlled from a common pin of the microcontroller such that the microcontroller measures voltage on the step-up circuit for determining temperature changes, wherein said microcontroller is operative for changing the field duty cycle of the generator or alternator by turning ON and OFF the power output circuit in a predetermined manner as established by the microcontroller based on monitored load changes and temperature fluctuations. 9. A voltage regulator according to claim 8, wherein the microcontroller is operative for changing the load response of the alternator or generator based on monitored load changes to provide a full output voltage after a predetermined period of time. 10. A voltage regulator according to claim 9, wherein the microcontroller is operative for changing the time period in which the alternator or generator responds to monitored load changes. 11. A voltage regulator according to claim 8, wherein the microcontroller is operative for monitoring the input frequency of the alternator or generator and setting an output response rate dependent on the input frequency. 12. A voltage regulator according to claim 8, wherein the microcontroller has an output pin operatively connected to vehicle ignition for monitoring ignition power and an output pin operatively connected to a vehicle indicator light for monitoring a vehicle indicator light. 13. A voltage regulator according to claim 8, wherein the power output circuit comprises a power output transistor. 14. A voltage regulator according to claim 13, wherein the power output transistor comprises a field effect transistor. 15. A method of regulating the output voltage of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and a voltage regulator and connected to a vehicle battery and vehicle devices for supplying a voltage for recharging the battery and powering vehicle devices comprising the steps of:monitoring within a microcontroller of the voltage regulator the output voltage representative of monitored load changes within the vehicle; andchanging the field duty cycle of the generator or alternator by turning ON and OFF a power output circuit of the voltage regulator that is connected to the battery and a field winding in a predetermined manner as established by the microcontroller based on monitored load changes. 16. A method according to claim 15, and further comprising the step of changing the load response of the alternator or generator based on monitored load changes to provide a full output voltage after a predetermined period of time. 17. A method according to claim 16, and further comprising the step of changing the time period in which the alternator or generator responds to monitored load changes. 18. A method according to claim 15, and further comprising the step of sensing voltage changes within the voltage regulator to determine temperature changes within the voltage regulator and changing the field duty cycle based on the changes in temperature. 19. A method according to claim 15, and further comprising the step of monitoring the input frequency of the alternator or generator and setting an output response rate dependant on the input frequency. 20. A method according to claim 15, wherein the power output circuit comprises a power output transistor. 21. A method according to claim 20, wherein the power output transistor comprises a field effect transistor. 22. A method of regulating the output voltage of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and a voltage regulator and connected to a vehicle battery and vehicle devices for supplying a voltage for recharging the battery and powering vehicle devices comprising the steps of:monitoring within a microcontroller of the voltage regulator the output voltage representative of vehicle load changes by sensing battery voltage with the microcontroller;powering a power output circuit connected to a field winding and configured in a high voltage side configuration from a voltage step-up circuit connected and controlled from a common pin of the microcontroller that controls the voltage step-up circuit and measures voltage on the step-up circuit to determine temperature changes; andchanging the field duty cycle of the generator or alternator by turning ON and OFF the power output circuit connected to the battery and field winding in a predetermined manner as established by the microprocessor based on monitored load changes and temperature fluctuations. 23. A method according to claim 22, and further comprising the step of changing the load response of the alternator or generator based on monitored load changes in the vehicle to provide a full output voltage after a predetermined period of time. 24. A method according to claim 23, and further comprising the step of changing the time period in which the alternator responds to monitored load changes within the vehicle. 25. A method according to claim 22, and further comprising the step of monitoring the input frequency of the alternator or generator from the microcontroller and setting an output response rate dependant on the input frequency. 26. A method according to claim 22, wherein the power output circuit comprises a power output transistor. 27. A method according to claim 22, wherein the power output transistor comprises a field effect transistor. 28. A method according to claim 22 and further comprising the step of measuring voltage in a diode or transistor of the voltage step-up circuit to determine temperature fluctuations. 29. A voltage regulator that regulates the output voltage of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and field winding and connected to a vehicle battery and vehicle devices for supplying a voltage and recharging the battery and powering vehicle devices comprising:a microcontroller operative for monitoring the duty cycle of an input signal representative of load changes of the vehicle; anda power output circuit controlled by the microcontroller and that connects to a field winding of the vehicle wherein the microcontroller is operative for changing a set point voltage and controlling the generator or alternator. 30. A voltage regulator according to claim 29, wherein the microcontroller is operative for changing the load response of the alternator or generator based on monitored load changes to provide a full output voltage after a predetermined period of time. 31. A voltage regulator according to claim 30, wherein the microcontroller is operative for changing the time period in which the alternator or generator responds to monitored load changes. 32. A voltage regulator according to claim 29, wherein the microcontroller is operative for monitoring the input frequency of the alternator or generator and setting an output response rate dependent on the input frequency. 33. A voltage regulator according to claim 29, and further comprising a diode or transistor operatively connected to said microcontroller, wherein voltage is measured on the diode or transistor to determine changes in temperature within the voltage regulator, wherein the field duty cycle is also changed based on changes in temperature. 34. A voltage regulator according to claim 29, wherein the power output circuit is operative for changing the field duty cycle of the generator or alternator based on the set point voltage. 35. A method of regulating the output voltage of a vehicle charging system having an alternator or generator and a voltage regulator and connected to a vehicle battery and vehicle devices for supplying a voltage for recharging the battery and powering vehicle devices comprising the steps of:monitoring within a microcontroller of the voltage regulator the duty cycle of an input signal representative of load changes of the vehicle; andchanging a set point voltage for controlling the generator or alternator. 36. A method according to claim 35, and further comprising the step of changing the load response of the alternator or generator based on monitored load changes to provide a full output voltage after a predetermined period of time. 37. A method according to claim 36, and further comprising the step of changing the time period in which the alternator or generator responds to monitored load changes. 38. A method according to claim 35, and further comprising the step of sensing voltage changes within the voltage regulator to determine temperature changes within the voltage regulator and changing the field duty cycle based on the changes in temperature. 39. A method according to claim 38, and further comprising the step of monitoring the input frequency of the alternator or generator and setting an output response rate dependant on the input frequency. 40. A method according to claim 35, and further comprising the step of changing a set point voltage of a power output circuit and changing the field duty cycle of the generator or alternator.