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A combined battery and device apparatus and associated method. This apparatus includes a first conductive layer, a battery comprising a cathode layer; an anode layer, and an electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the

A combined battery and device apparatus and associated method. This apparatus includes a first conductive layer, a battery comprising a cathode layer; an anode layer, and an electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material, the battery disposed such that either the cathode layer or the anode layer is in electrical contact with the first conductive layer, and an electrical circuit adjacent face-to-face to and electrically connected to the battery. Some embodiments further include a photovoltaic cell. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a polymer having a melting point substantially below 700 degrees centigrade. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a glass. For example, some embodiments include a battery deposited directly on the back of a liquid-crystal display (LCD) device.

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1. A combined battery and device apparatus comprising:a first structure including:a first conductive layer;a battery including a cathode layer; an anode layer, and an electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the cathode

1. A combined battery and device apparatus comprising:a first structure including:a first conductive layer;a battery including a cathode layer; an anode layer, and an electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material, the battery disposed such that either the cathode layer or the anode layer is in electrical contact with the first conductive layer; andan electrical circuit having a major surface adjacent face-to-face to and electrically connected to the battery;a substrate, the battery having a major surface adjacent face-to-face to the substrate; anda photovoltaic cell having a major surface adjacent face-to-face to a surface of the substrate beside the battery. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit includes a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit includes:a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery; andan integrated circuit mounted on the capacitor and electrically connected to the battery and the capacitor. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit includes:an insulating layer adjacent to the battery; anda plurality of electrical traces adjacent to the insulating layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrical traces contacts an electrode of the battery through the insulating layer. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, the electrical circuit further comprising:an insulating layer adjacent to the battery;a plurality of electrical traces adjacent to the insulating layer; andan integrated circuit supported on the battery, wherein a first one of the plurality of electrical traces electrically connects the cathode of the battery and the integrated circuit, a second one of the plurality of electrical traces electrically connects the anode of the battery and the integrated circuit. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, the substrate further comprising:an integrated circuit; andan insulating layer adjacent to the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias, wherein the battery is adjacent to the insulating layer, wherein the cathode of the battery electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias, and the anode of the battery electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, the substrate further comprising:an integrated circuit; andan insulating layer adjacent to the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias, wherein a cathode-conductor of the battery is adjacent to the insulating layer and electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias, the cathode layer of the battery is adjacent to the cathode conductor, the electrolyte layer is adjacent to the cathode layer, and the anode is adjacent to the electrolyte layer and electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, the substrate further comprising:an integrated circuit; andan insulating layer adjacent to the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias, wherein a cathode-conductor of the battery is adjacent to a face of the integrated circuit opposite the insulating layer and electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias, the cathode layer of the battery is adjacent to the cathode conductor, the electrolyte layer is adjacent to the cathode layer, and the anode is adjacent to the electrolyte layer and electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, the electrical circuit further comprising:an insulating layer adjacent to the battery that acts as a passivation layer that protects the anode from environmental corrosion; anda plurality of electrical traces adjacent to the insulating layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrical traces contacts an electrode of the battery through the insulating layer. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a curved shape having a convex face and a concave face, and the battery is located on the concave face. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a polymer having a melting point substantially below 700 degrees centigrade. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil. 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil having an insulative layer between the metal foil and the first conductive layer adjacent to a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area. 14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a ceramic. 15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a glass. 16. A combined battery and device apparatus comprising:a first structure including:a first conductive layer;a battery including a cathode layer; an anode layer, and an electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material, the battery disposed such that either the cathode layer or the anode layer is in electrical contact with the first conductive layer; andan electrical circuit having a major surface adjacent face-to-face to and electrically connected to the battery, wherein the electrical circuit includes:a photovoltaic cell having a major surface adjacent face-to-face to the battery; anda charging circuit supported on the photovoltaic cell and electrically coupled to charge the battery using current from the photovoltaic cell. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the electrical circuit includes a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery. 18. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the electrical circuit includes:a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery; andan integrated circuit mounted on the capacitor and electrically connected to the battery and the capacitor. 19. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the electrical circuit includes:an insulating layer adjacent to the battery; anda plurality of electrical traces adjacent to the insulating layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrical traces contacts an electrode of the battery through the insulating layer. 20. The apparatus according to claim 16, the electrical circuit further comprising:an insulating layer adjacent to the battery;a plurality of electrical traces adjacent to the insulating layer; andan integrated circuit supported on the battery, wherein a first one of the plurality of electrical traces electrically connects the cathode of the battery and the integrated circuit, a second one of the plurality of electrical traces electrically connects the anode of the battery and the integrated circuit. 21. The apparatus according to claim 16, the substrate further comprising:an integrated circuit; andan insulating layer adjacent to the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias, wherein the battery is adjacent to the insulating layer, wherein the cathode of the battery electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias, and the anode of the battery electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 22. The apparatus according to claim 16, the substrate further comprising:an integrated circuit; andan insulating layer adjacent to the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias, wherein a cathode-conductor of the battery is adjacent to the insulating la yer and electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias, the cathode layer of the battery is adjacent to the cathode conductor, the electrolyte layer is adjacent to the cathode layer, and the anode is adjacent to the electrolyte layer and electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 23. The apparatus according to claim 16, the substrate further comprising:an integrated circuit; andan insulating layer adjacent to the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias, wherein a cathode-conductor of the battery is adjacent to a face of the integrated circuit opposite the insulating layer and electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias, the cathode layer of the battery is adjacent to the cathode conductor, the electrolyte layer is adjacent to the cathode layer, and the anode is adjacent to the electrolyte layer and electrically connects to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 24. The apparatus according to claim 16, the electrical circuit further comprising:an insulating layer adjacent to the battery that acts as a passivation layer that protects the anode from environmental corrosion; anda plurality of electrical traces adjacent to the insulating layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrical traces contacts an electrode of the battery through the insulating layer. 25. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the substrate has a curved shape having a convex face and a concave face, and the battery is located on the concave face. 26. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a polymer having a melting point substantially below 700 degrees centigrade. 27. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil. 28. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil having an insulative layer between the metal foil and the first conductive layer adjacent to a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area. 29. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a ceramic. 30. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a glass. 31. A method for making a combined battery and device apparatus, the method comprising:providing a substrate having a major surface area;depositing a first conductive layer on a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area;depositing onto the first conductive layer a battery including a cathode layer; an anode layer, and a electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material, the battery disposed such that either the cathode layer or the anode layer is in electrical contact with the first conductive layer;depositing an electrical circuit on the battery;depositing a photovoltaic cell on a surface of the substrate beside the battery. 32. The method according to claim 31, further comprising:attaching an integrated circuit to the electrical circuit; andoperatively coupling the integrated circuit to charge the battery using current from the photovoltaic cell. 33. The method according to claim 31, further comprising depositing a thin-film capacitor on the battery. 34. The method according to claim 31, wherein depositing the electrical circuit comprises:depositing a thin-film capacitor on the battery;mounting an integrated circuit on the capacitor; andelectrically connecting the integrated circuit to the battery and the capacitor. 35. The method according to claim 31, further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the battery; anddepositing a plurality of electrical traces on the insulating layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrical traces contacts an electrode of the battery through the insulating layer. 36. The method according to claim 31, further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the battery;depositing a plurality of electrical traces on the insulating layer;supporting an integrated circuit on the battery;electrically connecting a first one of the plurality of electrical traces to the cathode of the battery and the integrated circuit; andelectrically connecting a second one of the plurality of electrical traces to the anode of the battery and the integrated circuit. 37. The method according to claim 31, wherein the substrate includes an integrated circuit, the method further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias, wherein the battery is adjacent to the insulating layer;electrically connecting the cathode of the battery to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias; andelectrically connecting the anode of the battery to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 38. The method according to claim 31, wherein the substrate includes an integrated circuit, the method further comprising:depositing an insulating layer adjacent to the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias;depositing a cathode-conductor of the battery on the insulating layer;electrically connecting the cathode-conductor of the battery to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias;depositing the cathode layer of the battery on the cathode conductor;depositing the electrolyte layer on the cathode layer;depositing the anode on the electrolyte layer; andelectrically connecting the anode to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 39. The method according to claim 31, wherein the substrate includes an integrated circuit, the method further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias;depositing a cathode-conductor of the battery on a face of the integrated circuit opposite the insulating layer;electrically connecting the cathode-conductor of the battery to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias;depositing the cathode layer of the battery on the cathode conductor;depositing the electrolyte layer on the cathode layer;depositing the anode on the electrolyte layer; andelectrically connecting the anode to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 40. The method according to claim 31, further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the battery that acts as a passivation layer that protects the anode from environmental corrosion;depositing a plurality of electrical traces on the insulating layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrical traces contacts an electrode of the battery through the insulating layer. 41. The method according to claim 31, further comprising:forming the substrate into a curved shape having a convex face and a concave face; andlocating the battery on the concave face. 42. The method according to claim 31, wherein the substrate comprises a polymer having a melting point substantially below 700 degrees centigrade. 43. The method according to claim 31, wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil. 44. The method according to claim 31, wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil having an insulative layer between the metal foil and the first conductive layer is deposited on a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area. 45. The method according to claim 31, wherein the substrate comprises a ceramic material. 46. The method according to claim 31, wherein the substrate comprises a glass material. 47. The method according to claim 31, wherein the depositing of the battery comprises:depositing the cathode layer onto the first conductive layer;depositing the electrolyte layer onto the cathode layer; anddepositing the anode materia l onto the electrolyte layer. 48. The method according to claim 47, wherein the depositing of the battery comprises depositing the cathode layer onto the first conductive layer and annealing a surface of the cathode material to a temperature higher than that of the electrical circuit underlying the cathode layer. 49. The method according to claim 48, wherein the depositing of the battery comprises depositing the electrolyte layer onto the first conductive layer and annealing a surface of the electrolyte layer material to a temperature higher than that of the electrical circuit underlying the electrolyte layer. 50. A method for making a combined battery and device apparatus, the method comprising:providing a substrate having a major surface area;depositing a first conductive layer on a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area;depositing onto the first conductive layer a battery including a cathode layer; an anode layer, and a electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material, the battery disposed such that either the cathode layer or the anode layer is in electrical contact with the first conductive layer;depositing an electrical circuit on the battery, wherein depositing the electrical circuit comprises:depositing a photovoltaic cell on the battery;supporting a charging circuit on the photovoltaic cell; andelectrically coupling the charging circuit to charge the battery using current from the photovoltaic cell. 51. The method according to claim 50, further comprising depositing a thin-film capacitor on the battery. 52. The method according to claim 50, wherein depositing the electrical circuit comprises:depositing a thin-film capacitor on the battery;mounting an integrated circuit on the capacitor; andelectrically connecting the integrated circuit to the battery and the capacitor. 53. The method according to claim 50, further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the battery; anddepositing a plurality of electrical traces on the insulating layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrical traces contacts an electrode of the battery through the insulating layer. 54. The method according to claim 50, further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the battery;depositing a plurality of electrical traces on the insulating layer;supporting an integrated circuit on the battery;electrically connecting a first one of the plurality of electrical traces to the cathode of the battery and the integrated circuit; andelectrically connecting a second one of the plurality of electrical traces to the anode of the battery and the integrated circuit. 55. The method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate includes an integrated circuit, the method further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias, wherein the battery is adjacent to the insulating layer;electrically connecting the cathode of the battery to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias; andelectrically connecting the anode of the battery to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 56. The method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate includes an integrated circuit, the method further comprising:depositing an insulating layer adjacent to the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias;depositing a cathode-conductor of the battery on the insulating layer;electrically connecting the cathode-conductor of the battery to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias;depositing the cathode layer of the battery on the cathode conductor;depositing the electrolyte layer on the cathode layer;depositing the anode on the electrolyte layer; andelectrically connecting the anode to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 57. The method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate includes an integrated circuit, the method further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the integrated circuit, the insulating layer including a plurality of through vias;depositing a cathode-conductor of the battery on a face of the integrated circuit opposite the insulating layer;electrically connecting the cathode-conductor of the battery to the integrated circuit though a first one of plurality of through vias;depositing the cathode layer of the battery on the cathode conductor;depositing the electrolyte layer on the cathode layer;depositing the anode on the electrolyte layer; andelectrically connecting the anode to the integrated circuit though a second one of plurality of through vias. 58. The method according to claim 50, further comprising:depositing an insulating layer on the battery that acts as a passivation layer that protects the anode from environmental corrosion;depositing a plurality of electrical traces on the insulating layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrical traces contacts an electrode of the battery through the insulating layer. 59. The method according to claim 50, further comprising:forming the substrate into a curved shape having a convex face and a concave face; andlocating the battery on the concave face. 60. The method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate comprises a polymer having a melting point substantially below 700 degrees centigrade. 61. The method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil. 62. The method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate comprises a metal foil having an insulative layer between the metal foil and the first conductive layer is deposited on a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area. 63. The method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate comprises a ceramic material. 64. The method according to claim 50, wherein the substrate comprises a glass material. 65. The method according to claim 50, wherein the depositing of the battery comprises:depositing the cathode layer onto the first conductive layer;depositing the electrolyte layer onto the cathode layer; anddepositing the anode material onto the electrolyte layer. 66. The method according to claim 65, wherein the depositing of the battery comprises depositing the cathode layer onto the first conductive layer and annealing a surface of the cathode material to a temperature higher than that of the electrical circuit underlying the cathode layer. 67. The method according to claim 65, wherein the depositing of the battery comprises depositing the electrolyte layer onto the first conductive layer and annealing a surface of the electrolyte layer material to a temperature higher than that of the electrical circuit underlying the electrolyte layer. 68. A combined battery and device apparatus comprising:a first structure including:a substrate having a major surface area;a first conductive layer adjacent to a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area;a battery comprising a cathode layer; an anode layer, and a electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, the battery disposed such that either the cathode layer or the anode layer is in electrical contact with the first conductive layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material; and an electrical circuit adjacent to and electrically connected to the battery; anda photovoltaic cell adjacent face-to-face to a major surface of the substrate beside the battery. 69. The apparatus according to claim 68, wherein the electrical circuit includes a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery. 70. The apparatus according to claim 68, wherein the electrical circuit includes:a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery; andan integrated circuit mounted on the capacitor and electrically connected to the battery and the capaci tor. 71. A combined battery and device apparatus comprising:a first structure including:a substrate having a major surface area;a first conductive layer adjacent to a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area;a battery comprising a cathode layer; an anode layer, and a electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, the battery disposed such that either the cathode layer or the anode layer is in electrical contact with the first conductive layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material; and an electrical circuit adjacent to and electrically connected to the battery; andan electrical circuit wherein the electrical circuit comprises:a photovoltaic cell adjacent to the battery; anda charging circuit supported on the photovoltaic cell and electrically coupled to charge the battery using current from the photovoltaic cell. 72. The apparatus according to claim 71, wherein the electrical circuit includes a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery. 73. The apparatus according to claim 71, wherein the electrical circuit includes:a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery; andan integrated circuit mounted on the capacitor and electrically connected to the battery and the capacitor. 74. A combined battery and device apparatus comprising:a substrate;first conductive layer adjacent face-to-face to the substrate;a battery having a plurality of layers including:a cathode layer;an anode layer; andan electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material, the battery disposed such that either the cathode layer or the anode layer is in electrical contact with the first conductive layer; andan electrical circuit adjacent face-to-face to the substrate; wherein the electrical circuit has a plurality of layers, and one of the plurality of layers of the electrical circuit and one of the plurality of layers of the battery have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics. 75. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein two or more of the plurality of layers of the electrical circuit have a composition substantially identical to and a thickness substantially identical to two or more respective layers of the plurality of layers of the battery. 76. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the anode includes a lithium-intercalation material. 77. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the cathode includes a lithium-intercalation material. 78. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the solid-state electrolyte layer includes a LiPON material. 79. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the anode includes a lithium-intercalation material, the cathode includes a lithium-intercalation material, and the solid-state electrolyte layer includes a LiPON material. 80. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the electrical circuit includes a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery. 81. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the electrical circuit includes:a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery; andan integrated circuit mounted on the capacitor and electrically connected to the battery and the capacitor. 82. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the electrical circuit comprises a photovoltaic cell, and wherein one of the layers of the photovoltaic cell and one of the plurality of layers of the battery have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics. 83. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the electrical circuit comprises a photovoltaic cell, and wherein two or more of the layers of the photovoltaic cell have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective two or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 84. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the electrical circuit comprises a passive electrical component, and wherein one or more of the layers of the passive electrical component have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective one or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 85. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the electrical circuit comprises a passive electrical component, and wherein two or more of the layers of the passive electrical component have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective two or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 86. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the electrical circuit comprises an active electrical component, and wherein one or more of the layers of the active electrical component have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective one or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 87. The apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the electrical circuit comprises an active electrical component, and wherein two or more of the layers of the active electrical component have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective two or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 88. A method for making a combined battery and electrically powered device, the method comprising:providing a substrate having a major surface area;depositing a plurality of layers of the battery on a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area, wherein the plurality of layers of the battery include a cathode layer; an anode layer, and a solid-state electrolyte layer located between and electrically isolating the anode layer from the cathode layer, wherein the anode or the cathode or both include an intercalation material or a metal or both; anddepositing a plurality of layers of the electrically powered device on a first surface area of the substrate's major surface area, wherein one of the plurality of layers of the electrically powered device has a composition substantially identical to and is deposited substantially simultaneously with one of the plurality of layers of the battery. 89. The method according to claim 88, wherein two or more of the plurality of layers of the electrically powered device have a composition substantially identical to and are deposited substantially simultaneously with two or more respective layers of the plurality of layers of the battery. 90. The method according to claim 88, wherein the anode includes a lithium-intercalation material. 91. The method according to claim 88, wherein the cathode includes a lithium-intercalation material. 92. The method according to claim 88, wherein the solid-state electrolyte layer includes a LiPON material. 93. The method according to claim 88, wherein the anode includes a lithium-intercalation material, the cathode includes a lithium-intercalation material, and the solid-state electrolyte layer includes a LiPON material. 94. The method according to claim 88, wherein the electrically powered device comprises a passive electrical component, and wherein one or more of the layers of the passive electrical component have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective one or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 95. The method according to claim 88, wherein the electrically powered device comprises a passive electrical component, and wherein two or more of the layers of the passive electrical component have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective two or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 96. The method according to claim 88, wherein the electrically powered device comprises an active electrical component, and wherein one or more of the layers of the active electrical component have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective one or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 97. The method according to claim 88, wherein the electrically powered device comprises an active electrical component, and wherein two or more of the layers of the active electrical component have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective two or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 98. The method according to claim 88, wherein the electrically powered device comprises a photovoltaic cell, and wherein one or more of the layers of the photovoltaic cell have substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective one or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 99. The method according to claim 88, wherein the electrically powered device comprises a photovoltaic cell, and wherein two or more of the layers of the photovoltaic cellhave substantially identical thicknesses, chemical composition and material characteristics to a respective two or more of the plurality of layers of the battery. 100. The method according to claim 88, wherein the electrically powered device comprises a thin-film capacitor adjacent to the battery.