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1. A compound having the structure (I):wherein:m is 0, 2, 3, 4, or 5;R 1 is —NR A R B wherein R A and R B are independently hydrogen, —(C═O)R C , —NHR C , —(SO 2 )R C , —OR C , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, or R A and R B , when taken together form an heteroaryl or cycloheteroaliphatic moiety, wherein each occurrence of R C is independently hydrogen, —OR D , —SR D , —NHR D , —(C═O)R D , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or h...
1. A compound having the structure (I):wherein:m is 0, 2, 3, 4, or 5;R 1 is —NR A R B wherein R A and R B are independently hydrogen, —(C═O)R C , —NHR C , —(SO 2 )R C , —OR C , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, or R A and R B , when taken together form an heteroaryl or cycloheteroaliphatic moiety, wherein each occurrence of R C is independently hydrogen, —OR D , —SR D , —NHR D , —(C═O)R D , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R D is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety;wherein R 2 is hydrogen, —OR E , ═O, —C(═O)R E , —CO 2 R E , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR E , —SOR E , —SO 2 R E , —NO 2 , —N(R E ) 2 , —NHC(O)R E , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R E is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety;wherein R 3 is hydrogen, —COOR F , —COR F , —CN, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R F is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety;wherein:the foregoing aliphatic or heteroaliphatic moieties in R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic and heteroaliphatic moiety is unsubstituted; andeach of the foregoing aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloheteroaliphatic moieties in R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio moiety is unsubstituted;wherein R 4 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety where the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy and heteroarylthio moieties in R 4 and R 6 are unsubstituted;wherein R 5 and R 7 are each independently hydrogen, —OR G , —C(═O)R G , —CO 2 R G , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR G , —SOR G , —SO 2 R G , —NO 2 , —N(R G ) 2 , —NHC(O)R G , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R g is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety where the each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy and heteroarylthio moiety in R 5 and R 6 is unsubstituted;wherein R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, ═O, —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino;wherein X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are each independently hydrogen, —OR H , ═O, —C(═O)R H , —CO 2 R H , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR H , —SOR H , —SO 2 R H , —NO 2 , —N(R H ) 2 , —NHC(O)R H , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R H is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy and heteroarylthio moiety in X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 is unsubstituted;whereby if at least either X 1 and X 2 or X 3 and X 4 are doubly bonded to the 6-membered ring, then the dotted bonds in either or both of the 6-membered rings represent two single bonds and one double bond, and a quinone moiety is generated, or if at least either X 1 and X 2 or X 3 and X 4 are singly bonded to the 6-membered ring, then the dotted bonds in either or both of the 6-membered rings represent two double bonds and one single bond, and a hydroquinone moiety is generated;wherein:each of foregoing acyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, thioalkyl, or alkylamino contains unsubstituted cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing aliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing heteroaliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which further contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms in place of the carbon atoms;each of the foregoing cycloheteroaliphatic moiety is a cyclic heteroaliphatic;each of the foregoing aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic ring;each of the foregoing heteroaryl is a cyclic aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O, and N; zero or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein m is 0. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein m is 2, 3, 4, or 5. 4. The compound of claim 2, wherein:R 2 is —CN, —SCN, ═O, —OH, H, or alkoxy;R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, —CH 2 CN, aliphatic, or aryl;R 4 and R 6 are each unsubstituted alkyl;R 5 and R 7 are each alkyloxy or thioalkyl;R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, ═O, —CN, halogen, —SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino; andX 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently alkoxy, —OH, or ═O. 5. The compound of claim 3 wherein:R 2 is —CN, —SCN, ═O, —OH, H, or alkoxy;R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, —CH 2 CN, aliphatic, or aryl;R 4 and R 6 are each unsubstituted alkyl;R 5 and R 7 are each alkyloxy or thioalkyl;R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, & #x2014;OH, ═O, —CN, halogen, —SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino; andX 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently alkoxy, —OH, or ═O. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure: 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein m is 0. 8. The compound of claim 6, wherein m is 2, 3, 4, or 5. 9. The compound of claim 7, wherein:R A is hydrogen or unsubstituted lower alkyl;R B is —COR C where R C is (heteroaliphatic)aryl, substitued heteroaryl, substituted (aliphatic)heteroaryl, or substituted (heteroaliphatic)heteroaryl moiety or R A and R B , when taken together form cycloheteroaliphatic;R 2 is —CN, —SCN, ═O, —OH, H, or alkoxy;R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, —CH 2 CN, aliphatic, or aryl;R 4 and R 6 are each unsubstituted alkyl;R 5 and R 7 are each alkyloxy or thioalkyl;R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, ═O, —CN, halogen, —SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino; andX 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently alkoxy, or —OH. 10. The compound of claim 9, wherein:R C is:wherein each occurrence of R J is independently —OR K , —C(═O)R K , —CO 2 R K , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR K , SOR K , —SO 2 R K , NO 2 , —N(R K ) 2 , —NHC(O)R K , —B(OR K ) 2 , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R K is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, or wherein two occurrences of R K , taken together form a cyclic aliphatic or heteroaliphatic moiety; wherein each occurrence of Y is independently O, S or NH; wherein each occurrence of x is independently 1-5; and wherein each occurrence of n is independently 0-3 wherein:the foregoing aliphatic or heteroaliphatic is unsubstituted andeach of the foregoing aryl or heteroaryl moieties may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio is unsubstituted; andwherein:each of the foregoing aliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing heteroaliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which further contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms in place of the carbon atoms;each of the foregoing aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic ring;each of the foregoing heteroaryl is a cyclic aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O, and N; zero or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon. 11. The compound of claim 8, wherein:R A is hydrogen or unsubstituted lower alkyl;R B is —COR C where R C is (heteroaliphatic)aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted (aliphatic)heteroa ryl, or substituted (heteroaliphatic)heteroaryl moiety or R A and R B , when taken together form cycloheteroaliphatic;R 2 is —CN, —SCN, ═O, —OH, H, or alkoxy;R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, —CH 2 CN, aliphatic, or aryl;R 4 and R 6 are each unsubstituted alkyl;R 5 and R 7 are each alkyloxy or thioalkyl;R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, ═O, —CN, halogen, —SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino; andX 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently alkoxy or —OH. 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein:R C is:wherein each occurrence of R J is independently —OR K , —C(═O)R K , —CO 2 R K , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR K , —SOR K , —SO 2 R K , —NO 2 , —N(R K ) 2 , —NHC(O)R K , —B(OR K ) 2 , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R K is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, or wherein two occurrences of R K , taken together form a cyclic aliphatic or heteroaliphatic moiety; wherein each occurrence of Y is independently O, S or NH; wherein each occurrence of x is independently 1-5; and wherein each occurrence of n is independently 0-3 wherein:the foregoing aliphatic or heteroaliphatic is unsubstituted andeach of the foregoing aryl or heteroaryl moieties may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio is unsubstituted; andwherein:each of the foregoing aliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing heteroaliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which further contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms in place of the carbon atoms;each of the foregoing aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic ring;each of the foregoing heteroaryl is a cyclic aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O, and N; zero or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon. 13. A compound having the structure (I):wherein:m is 1;R A is hydrogen or unsubstituted lower alkyl; and R B is —COR C where R C is (heteroaliphatic)aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted (aliphatic)heteroaryl, or substituted (heteroaliphatic)heteroaryl moiety or R A and R B , when taken together form cycloheteroaliphatic;wherein R 2 is hydrogen, —OR E , ═O, —C(═O)R E , —CO 2 R E , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR E , —SOR E , —SO 2 R E , —NO 2 , —N(R E ) 2 , —NHC(O)R E , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R E is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, hete roaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety;wherein R 3 is hydrogen, —COOR F , —COR F , —CN, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R F is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety;wherein:the foregoing aliphatic or heteroaliphatic moieties in R A , R B , R 2 and R 3 may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic and heteroaliphatic moiety is unsubstituted; andeach of the foregoing aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloheteroaliphatic moieties in R A , R B , R 2 and R 3 may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy and heteroarylthio moiety is unsubstituted; andwherein R 4 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety where the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy and heteroarylthio moieties in R 4 and R 6 are unsubstituted;wherein R 5 and R 7 are each independently hydrogen, —OR G , —C(═O)R G , —CO 2 R G , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR G , —SOR G , —SO 2 R G , —NO 2 , —N(R G ) 2 , —NHC(O)R G , or an unsubstituted aliphatic, unsubstituted heteroaliphatic, unsubstituted aryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R G is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy and heteroarylthio moieties in R 5 and R 7 is unsubstituted;wherein R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, ═O, —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino;wherein X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are each independently hydrogen, —OR H , ═O, —C(═O)R H , —CO 2 R H , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR H , —SOR H , —SO 2 R H , — ;NO 2 , —N(R H ) 2 , —NHC(O)R H , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R H is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroaryloxy, or heteroarylthio moiety where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy and heteroarylthio moiety in X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 is unsubstituted;whereby if at least either X 1 and X 2 or X 3 and X 4 are doubly bonded to the 6-membered ring, then the dotted bonds in either or both of the 6-membered rings represent two single bonds and one double bond, and a quinone moiety is generated, or if at least either X 1 and X 2 or X 3 and X 4 are singly bonded to the 6-membered ring, then the dotted bonds in either or both of the 6-membered rings represent two double bonds and one single bond, and a hydroquinone moiety is generated;wherein:each of foregoing acyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, thioalkyl, or alkylamino contains unsubstituted cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing aliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing heteroaliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which further contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms in place of the carbon atoms;each of the foregoing cycloheteroaliphatic moiety is a cyclic heteroaliphatic;each of the foregoing aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic ring;each of the foregoing heteroaryl is a cyclic aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O, and N; zero or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof provided that:(i) it is not saframycin A, B, E, H, Y d1 , Y d2 , Y 2b , Y 2b-d , AH 2 , AH 2 Ac, AH 1 , AH 1 Ac, AR 3 , M x-1 , and M x-2; (ii) R 1 is not —NHCOC(Me)(OMe)(OMe), —NHCOCH(NH 2 )CH 3 , —NHCOCH(NH(acyl)CH 3 , —NHCOCH(NH 2 )Ac, or —NHCOCH(NHCOOBn)(Me);(iii) when X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each ═O; when R 2 is —CN, or —OH; when R 4 and R 6 are each —CH 3 ; when R 5 and R 7 are each —OCH 3 ; when R 8 is H; and R 1 is —NH(C═O)R C , then R C is not —CH(NR W R Y )(CHR Z ) where R W and R Y are each independently hydrogen or C 1-7 alkyl, aryl(C 1-4 )alkyl, (C 1-4 )alkylaryl, or a substituted sulfonyl (—S(O) 2 —) group, or a substituted acyl group, and where R Z is hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl;(iv) when X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each ═O; when R 2 is —CN; when R 4 and R 6 are each —CH 3 ; when R 5 and R 7 are each —OCH 3 ; when R 8 is H; and R 1 is —NH(C═O)R C , then R C is not —C(OH)(Me)CH 2 (C═O)Me; and(v) when R 2 is H; and R 1 is —NH(C═O)R C , then R C is not —CH(Me)NHC(═O)O(CH 2 )Ph. 14. The compound of claim 13, wherein the aliphatic and heteroaliphatic moieties in R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are unsubstituted. 15. The compound of claim 14, wherein:R 2 is —CN, —SCN, ═O, —OH, H, or alkoxy;R 3 is hydrogen, —CN, —CH 2 CN, unsubstituted aliphatic, or aryl;R 4 and R 6 are each alkyl;R 5 and R 7 are each alkyloxy or thioalkyl;R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, ═O, —CN, halogen, —SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino; andX 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently alkoxy, —OH, or ═O. 16. A compound that has the structure:wherein:R 1 is NR A R B wherein R A is hydrogen or unsubstituted lower alkyl, R B is —COR C where R C is (heteroaliphatic)aryl, substitued heteroaryl, substituted (aliphatic)heteroaryl, or substituted (heteroaliphatic)heteroaryl moiety or R A and R B , when taken together form cycloheteroaliphatic wherein:the foregoing aliphatic or heteroaliphatic moieties in R 1 is unsubstituted;the foregoing aryl moiety in R 1 may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio is unsubstituted; andthe foregoing heteroaryl moieties in R 1 is substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio is unsubstituted;R 2 is —CN, —SCN, —OH, H, or alkoxy;R 3 is hydrogen, aliphatic, or aryl;R 4 and R 6 are each alkyl;R 5 and R 7 are each alkyloxy or thioalkyl;R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, ═O, —CN, halogen, —SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino;X 1 and X 4 are each —OH; andX 2 and X 3 are each alkoxy or thioalkyl; andwherein:each of foregoing alkoxy, alkylthio, thioalkyl, or alkylamino contains unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing aliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing heteroaliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which further contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms in place of the carbon atoms;each of the foregoing cycloheteroaliphatic moiety is a cyclic heteroaliphatic;each of the foregoing aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic ring;each of the foregoing heteroaryl is a cyclic aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O, and N; zero or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 17. The compound of claim 16, wherein R 2 is —CN, —OH, or H; R 3 is Me; R 4 and R 6 are each Me; R 5 and R 7 are each —OMe; X 1 and X 4 are each —OH; R 8 is hydrogen; and X 2 and X 3 are each —OMe. 18. A compound that has the structure:wherein:R 1 is NR A R B wherein R A is hydrogen or unsubstituted lower alkyl, R B is —COR C where R C is (heteroaliphatic)aryl, substitued heteroaryl, substituted (aliphatic)heteroaryl, or substituted (heteroaliphatic)heteroaryl moiety or R A and R B , when taken together form cycloheteroaliphatic wherein:the foregoing aliphatic or heteroaliphatic moieties in R 1 is unsubstituted;the foregoing aryl moiety in R 1 may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio is unsubstituted; andthe foregoing heteroaryl moieties in R 1 is substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 2 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl, where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio is unsubstituted;R 2 is —CN, —SCN, OH, H, or alkoxy;R 3 is hydrogen, aliphatic, or aryl;R 4 and R 6 are each alkyl;R 5 and R 7 are each alkyloxy or thioalkyl;R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, ═O, CN, halogen, SH, alkoxy, thioalkyl, amino, or alkylamino;X 1 and X 4 are each OH; andX 2 and X 3 are each alkoxy or thioalkyl; andwherein:each of foregoing alkoxy, alkylthio, thioalkyl, or alkylamino contains unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing aliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing heteroaliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which further contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms in place of the carbon atoms;each of the foregoing cycloheteroaliphatic moiety is a cyclic heteroaliphatic;each of the foregoing aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic ring;each of the foregoing heteroaryl is a cyclic aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O, and N; zero or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring atoms ar e carbon; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 19. The compound of claim 18, wherein R 2 is —CN, —OH, or H; R 3 is Me; R 4 and R 6 are each Me; R 5 and R 7 are each OMe; X 1 and X 4 are each —OH; R 8 is hydrogen; and X 2 and X 3 are each OMe. 20. A compound that has the structure:wherein:R A is hydrogen or lower alkyl;R C is:wherein each occurrence of R J is independently —OR K , —C(═O)R K , —CO 2 R K , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR K , —SOR K , —SO 2 R K , —NO 2 , —N(R K ) 2 , —NHC(O)R K , —B(OR K ) 2 , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R K is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, or wherein two occurrences of R K , taken together form a cyclic aliphatic or heteroaliphatic moiety; wherein each occurrence of Y is independently O, S or NH; wherein each occurrence of x is independently 1-5; and wherein each occurrence of n is independently 0-3 wherein:the foregoing aliphatic or heteroaliphatic is unsubstituted andeach of the foregoing aryl or heteroaryl moieties may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio is unsubstituted; andwherein:each of the foregoing aliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing heteroaliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which further contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms in place of the carbon atoms;each of the foregoing aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic ring;each of the foregoing heteroaryl is a cyclic aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O, and N; zero or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts. 21. The compound of claim 20, wherein X 1 is OH, X 2 is OCH 3 , X 3 is OCH 3 , X 4 is OH, R 2 is CN, H or OH, R 3 is Me, R 4 is CH 3 , R 5 is OCH 3 , R 6 is CH 3 , R 7 is OCH 3 , and R 8 is H. 22. The compound of claim 21 wherein R C is:wherein R j is hydrogen, halogen, —OH, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy and x is 1 or 2. 23. A compound that has the structure:wherein:R A is hydrogen or lower alkyl;R C is:wherein each occurrence of R J is independently —OR K , —C(═O)R K , —CO 2 R K , —CN, —SCN, halogen, —SR K , —SOR K , —SO 2 R K , —NO 2 , —N(R K ) 2 , —NHC(O)R K , —B(OR K ) 2 , or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein each occurrence of R K is independently hydrogen, or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl moiety, or wherein two occurrences of R K , taken together form a cyclic aliphatic or heteroaliphatic moiety; wherein each occurrence of Y is independently O, S or NH; wherein each occurrence of x is independently 1-5; and wherein each occurrence of n is independently 0-3 wherein:the foregoing aliphatic or heteroaliphatic is unsubstituted andeach of the foregoing aryl or heteroaryl moieties may independently be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, F, Cl, Br, I, —OH, —NO 2 , —CN, —SCN, —CF 3 , —CHCF 3 , —CHCl 2 , —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)R x , —CO 2 (R x ), —CON(R x ) 2 , —OC(O)R x , —OCO 2 R x , —OCON(R x ) 2 , —N(R x ) 2 , —S(O) 2 R x , —NR x (CO)R x , or —B(OR x ) 2 wherein each occurrence of wherein each occurrence of R x independently is aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or alkylheteroaryl where each of the foregoing aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylthio, and heteroarylthio is unsubstituted; andwherein:each of the foregoing aliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms;each of the foregoing heteroaliphatic moiety is cyclic, acyclic, branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and which further contains one or more oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or silicon atoms in place of the carbon atoms;each of the foregoing aryl is monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic ring;each of the foregoing heteroaryl is a cyclic aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O, and N; zero or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O, and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts. 24. The compound of claim 23, wherein X 1 is OH, X 2 is OCH 3 , X 3 is OCH 3 , X 4 is OH, R 2 is CN, H or OH, R 3 is Me, R 4 is CH 3 , R 5 is OCH 3 , R 6 is CH 3 , R 7 is OCH 3 , and R 8 is H. 25. The compound of claim 24, wherein R C is:wherein R J is hydrogen, halogen, —OH, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy and x is 1 or 2. 26. A compound selected from the group consisting of: 27. A compound selected from the group consisting of: 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the claims 1 - 3 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 18 , 20 , and 23 . 29. A method for inhibiting the growth of or killing cancer cells comprising contacting the cells with an amount of a composition effective to inhibit the growth of or to kill cancer cells, the composition comprising a compound of any one of the claims 1 - 3 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 18 , 20 , and 23 . 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the cancer cells comprise melanoma cancer cells or lung cancer cells. 31. A method for treating cancer comprising:administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of any one of the claims 1 - 3 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 18 , 20 , and 23 . 32. The method of claim 31 wherein said composition comprises one or more cytotoxic agents. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the cancer cells comprise melanoma cancer cells or lung cancer cells.
