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A process for producing a fiber-reinforced, ceramic structural component comprising high-temperature resistant fibers which are reaction-bonded to a matrix of silicon carbide comprises the steps of coating bundles of fibers with pyrolysable binder and solidifying the binder, producing mixtures of fi

A process for producing a fiber-reinforced, ceramic structural component comprising high-temperature resistant fibers which are reaction-bonded to a matrix of silicon carbide comprises the steps of coating bundles of fibers with pyrolysable binder and solidifying the binder, producing mixtures of fiber bundles, fillers and binders, pressing the mixtures to produce a pressed body, pyrolysing the pressed body under the exclusion of oxygen to form a porous, carbon-containing preform, infiltrating the preform with a silicon melt to form the silicon carbide matrix, in which various pressing compounds are produced, which contain fibers of different quality and in different proportions and different coatings. These pressing compounds are arranged at different levels and in different spatial directions in the press mould during the filling of the press mould. After the pressing, the regions produced in this way are retained in the press mould. After the infiltration of the preform with silicon, the structural component is distinguished by different materials properties, in particular ductility and resistance to wear.

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1. A process for producing a fiber-reinforced, ceramic structural component comprising high-temperature resistant fibers based on carbon, which are reaction-bonded to a matrix of silicon carbide (SiC), comprising the steps of:coating bundles of fibers with pyrolysable binder and solidifying the bind

1. A process for producing a fiber-reinforced, ceramic structural component comprising high-temperature resistant fibers based on carbon, which are reaction-bonded to a matrix of silicon carbide (SiC), comprising the steps of:coating bundles of fibers with pyrolysable binder and solidifying the binder;producing a mixture of said coated fiber bundles, fillers and binders;pressing the mixture in a press mold to produce a pressed body;pyrolysing the pressed body in the absence of oxygen to form a porous, carbon-containing preform; andinfiltrating the preform with a silicon melt to form a silicon carbide matrix;wherein various mixtures are produced, which contain fibers of at least one of different quality or different amounts, with or without coatings;wherein during filling of the press mold, the press mold is provided with separating means and the mixtures are arranged in regions which extend in different spatial directions in the press mold;wherein the regions produced in this way are retained in the preform after the pressing and crosslinking; andwherein as a result of the infiltration of the preform with silicon, component regions of high ductility and component regions of high resistance to oxidation are present in the structural component. 2. A process according to claim 1, wherein particularly wear-resistant component regions are produced at the surface of the structural component. 3. A process according to claim 1, wherein ductile component regions are produced in mechanically loaded zones of the structural component. 4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the transitions between the component regions are gradual. 5. A process according to claim 1, wherein at least one surface of the structural component is provided with grooves. 6. A process for producing a fiber-reinforced, ceramic structural component comprising high-temperature resistant fibers based on carbon, which are reaction-bonded to a matrix of silicon carbide, comprising the steps of:coating bundles of fibers with pyrolysable binder and solidifying the binder;producing a mixture of said coated fiber bundles, fillers and binders;pressing the mixture to produce a pressed body;pyrolysing the pressed body in the absence of oxygen to form a porous, carbon-containing preform; andinfiltrating the porous preform with a silicon melt to form the silicon carbide matrix;wherein the surface of the structural component is impregnated with a liquid which penetrates into the fiber bundles at the surface and is converted into an oxidation-resistant protective layer, said structural component being impregnated by means of a polymer which, after a heat treatment, forms a compound comprising Si, O and C. 7. A process for producing a fiber-reinforced, ceramic structural component comprising high-temperature resistant fibers based on carbon, which are reaction-bonded to a matrix of silicon carbide, comprising the steps of:coating bundles of fibers with pyrolysable binder and solidifying the binder;producing a mixture of said coated fiber bundles, fillers and binders;pressing the mixture to produce a pressed body;pyrolysing the pressed body in the absence of oxygen to form a porous, carbon-containing preform; andinfiltrating the porous preform with a silicon melt to form the silicon carbide matrix;wherein the surface of the structural component is impregnated with a liquid which penetrates into the fiber bundles at the surface and is converted into an oxidation-resistant protective layerwherein the liquid is applied to the surface of the structural component and is pressed into the surface with the aid of an elastic bar to assist the capillary action. 8. A process for producing a fiber-reinforced, ceramic structural component comprising high-temperature resistant fibers based on carbon, which are reaction-bonded to a matrix of silicon carbide, comprising the steps of:coating bundles of fibers with pyrolysable binder and solidifying the binder;producing a mixture of said coated fiber bundles, fillers and binders;pressing the mixture to produce a pressed body;pyrolysing the pressed body in the absence of oxygen to form a porous, carbon-containing preform; andinfiltrating the porous preform with a silicon melt to form the silicon carbide matrix;wherein the surface of the structural component is impregnated with a liquid which penetrates into the fiber bundles at the surface and is converted into an oxidation-resistant protective layer wherein the impregnation takes place by means of an SiC-containing adhesive which, after a heat treatment, forms an SiC layer and wherein the SiC layer has a thickness of between 0.2 mm and 5 mm. 9. A process for producing a fiber-reinforced, ceramic structural component comprising high-temperature resistant fibers based on carbon, which are reaction-bonded to a matrix of silicon carbide, comprising the steps of:coating bundles of fibers with pyrolysable binder and solidifying the binder;producing a mixture of said coated fiber bundles, fillers and binders;pressing the mixture to produce a pressed body;pyrolysing the pressed body in the absence of oxygen to form a porous, carbon-containing preform; andinfiltrating the porous preform with a silicon melt to form a silicon carbide matrix;wherein a layer of pyrolysable material is applied to the porous preform or the structural component and is pyrolysed to form a porous carbon-containing layer;wherein the pyrolysable layer comprises a mixture of a pyrolysable organic material and at least one of a carbon, milling residue from the machining of the preform, and a SiC powder, and is being pyrolysed during the pyrolysis, or during the heating for silicon infiltration, or after the infiltration with liquid silicon; andwherein the pyrolysable layer is then converted, by infiltration with liquid silicon, into a layer which substantially comprises silicon carbide. 10. A process according to claim 9, wherein the SiC layer has a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm.