초록 ▼

This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel comp

This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; and (iii) at least one surfactant.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising:(A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and(B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining:(i) a no

1. A process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising:(A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and(B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining:(i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel;(ii) water; and(iii) at least one surfactant comprising:(iii)(a) at least one product made by reacting a fatty acid with an alkanol amine;(iii)(b) at least one product derived from: a polycarboxylic acylating agent; a copolymer derived from at least one olefin monomer and at least one alpha, beta unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof; and a linking compound having two or more primary amino groups, two or more secondary amino groups, at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, at least two hydroxyl groups, or at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group;(iii)(c) at least one Mannich reaction product derived from a hydroxy aromatic compound, an aldehyde or a ketone, and an amine containing at least one primary or secondary amino group;(iii)(d) at least one ionic or a nonionic compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 40; or(iii)(e) mixture of two or more of (iii)(a) through (iii)(d). 2. A process for reducing engine wear in the operation of a compression ignition engine equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation system, the process comprising:(A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine using the exhaust gas recirculation system; and(B) operating the engine using a water-blended diesel fuel composition made by combining:a diesel fuel;water;the reaction product of a fatty acid with an alkanol amine; andthe reaction product of a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine. 3. A process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising:(A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and(B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining:(i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel;(ii) water; and(iii) at least one surfactant comprising:(iii)(a) at least one product that comprise a mixture of the reaction product of a fatty acid with an alkanol amine; and the reaction product of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic acid or anhydride with an alkanol amine or an alkylene polyamine, the polyisobutene substituent having a number average molecular weight of about 750 to about 3000;(iii)(b) at least one product derived from: a polycarboxylic acylating agent; a copolymer derived from at least one olefin monomer and at least one alpha, beta unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof; and a linking compound having two or more primary amino groups, two or more secondary amino groups, at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, at least two hydroxyl groups, or at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group;(iii)(c) at least one Mannich reaction product derived from a hydroxy aromatic compound, an aldehyde or a ketone, and an amine containing at least one primary or secondary amino group;(iii)(d) at least one ionic or a nonionic compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 40; or(iii)(e) mixture of two or more of (iii)(a) through (iii)(d). 4. A process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising:(A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and(B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining:(i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel;(ii) water; and(iii) at least one surfactant comprising:iii)(a) (i) at least one product made from a first polycarboxylic acylating agent having at least one hydrocarbon substituent of about 6 to about 500 carbon atoms, (ii) a second polycarboxylic acylating agent optionally having at least one hydrocarbon substituent of up to about 500 carbon atoms, the polycarboxylic acylating agents (i) and (ii) being the same or different and being linked together by (iii) a linking group derived from a compound having two or more primary amino groups, two or more secondary amino groups, at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, at least two hydroxyl groups, or at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group, the polycarboxylic acylating agents (i) and (ii) being reacted with ammonia, an amine, a hydroxyamine, an alcohol, or a mixture of two or more thereof;(iii)(b) at least one product derived from: a polycarboxylic acylating agent; a copolymer derived from at least one olefin monomer and at least one alpha, beta unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof; and a linking compound having two or more primary amino groups, two or more secondary amino groups, at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, at least two hydroxyl groups, or at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group;(iii)(c) at least one Mannich reaction product derived from a hydroxy aromatic compound, an aldehyde or a ketone, and an amine containing at least one primary or secondary amino group;(iii)(d) at least one ionic or a nonionic compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 1 to about 40; or(iii)(e) mixture of two or more of (iii)(a) through (iii)(d).