| 국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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| 국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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| 출원번호 |
US-0730463
(2000-12-05)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Sievers, Werner
- Zimmermann, Andreas
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| 출원인 / 주소 |
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| 인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
8 인용 특허 :
71 |
초록
▼
Interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks with a maximum dimension of 100 mn are produced by: (1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers capable of forming polymer networks in aqueous phase, polymer precursors or the mixtures thereof and silicon dioxide components; (2) cha
Interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks with a maximum dimension of 100 mn are produced by: (1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers capable of forming polymer networks in aqueous phase, polymer precursors or the mixtures thereof and silicon dioxide components; (2) changing the pH value and/or thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion in order to form a gel made of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks and (3) drying the gel.
대표청구항
▼
1. Process for the production of materials with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks on a scale of no more than 100 nm by:(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous p
1. Process for the production of materials with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks on a scale of no more than 100 nm by:(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds;(2) changing the pH of and/or thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks; and(3) drying the gel to produce a material with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks a scale of no more than 100 nm. 2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof are based on formaldehyde or formaldehyde-containing resins, polyvinyl alcohol, or poly(meth)acrylates. 3. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that sodium silicate, laminar silicates or silicic acids are used as the silicon dioxide compounds. 4. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that fillers in the form of particles, fibers, fabrics, nonwovens, mats, or mixtures thereof or functional substances such as dyes, indicators, biomolecules, receptors or mixtures thereof are added to the aqueous solution. 5. Process for the production of materials with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks on a scale of no more than 100 nm by(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds;(2) changing the pH of and/or thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks; and(3) drying the gel,characterized in that the water in the materials is replaced by an organic solvent before drying, and in that the silica gels are modified organically by silylation. 6. Process for the production of materials with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks on a scale of no more than 100 nm by(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds;(2) changing the pH of and/or thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks; and(3) drying the gel,characterized in that drying is conducted under conditions which lead to a composite material, where the composite material can then be calcined. 7. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that drying is conducted under conditions which lead to a xerogel or to an aerogel. 8. Materials with organic and inorganic networks which interpenetrate on a scale of no more than 100 nm and are obtained by a process according to claim 1. 9. Molded article consisting of material according to claim 8. 10. Process for the production of molded articles according to claim 9, characterized in that the aqueous solutions or dispersions are introduced into a mold and in that a gel is then formed and dried. 11. Surface coating consisting of material according to claim 8. 12. Process for the production of surface coatings according to claim 9, characterized in that the aqueous solutions or dispersions are applied to a surface and in that a gel is then formed and dried. 13. Aerogel consisting of organic and inorganic networks interpenetrating on a scale of no more than 100 nm with a density of on more then 0.6 g/cm 3 . 14. Molded article consisting of material according to claim 13. 15. Process for the production of molded articles according to claim 14, characterized in that the aqueous solutions or dispersions are introduced into a mold and in that a gel is then formed and dried. 16. Surface coating consisting of material according to claim 13. 17. A process of producing materials, the process comprising:(a) p roviding organic and inorganic networks which interpenetrate on a scale of no more than 100 nm, the organic and inorganic networks which interpenetrate on a scale of no more than 100 nm produced by a method comprising:(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds,(2) changing the pH of and/or thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks, and(3) drying the gel;(b) producing materials using the gel, the materials comprising thermal insulation properties, sound absorption properties, adsorption properties and/or barrier properties against water and/or organic solvent. 18. The process of claim 17 in which the gel is dried under conditions which lead to a composite material. 19. The process of claim 17 in which the gel is dried under conditions which lead to a xerogel or an aerogel. 20. The process of claim 19, in which the produced materials comprise molded articles. 21. The process of claim 19 in which the produced materials comprise surface coatings. 22. Process for the production of surface coatings according to claim 16, characterized in that the aqueous solutions or dispersions are applied to a surface and in that a gel is then formed and dried. 23. A process of producing materials, the process comprising:(a) providing organic and inorganic networks which interpenetrate on a scale of no more than 100 nm, the organic and inorganic networks which interpenetrate on a scale of no more than 100 nm produced by a method comprising:(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds,(2) changing the pH of and/or thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks, and(3) drying the gel;(b) producing materials using the gel, the materials comprising thermal insulation properties, sound absorption properties, adsorption properties and/or barrier properties against water and/or organic solvent,in which the gel is dried under conditions which lead to a composite material and in which the produced materials are granulates or molded ceramic articles. 24. A process of using materials for medical diagnostics and sensor technology, the process comprising:(a) providing organic and inorganic networks which interpenetrate on a scale of no more than 100 nm, the organic and inorganic networks which interpenetrate on a scale of no more than 100 nm produced by a method comprising:(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds,(2) changing the pH of and/or thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks, and(3) drying the gel;(b) producing materials comprising the gel in conjunction with dyes, indicators, receptors, enzymes and/or biomolecules; and(c) using the materials for medical diagnostics and sensor technology. 25. The process of claim 24 in which the materials have a density of no more than 0.6 g/cm 3 . 26. The process of claim 24 in which the materials comprise a molded article or surface coating. 27. The process of claim 26 in which the materials have a density of no more than 0.6 g/cm 3 . 28. Process for the production of materials with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks on a scale of no more than 100 nm by:(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds, wherein the organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof are formaldehyde or formaldehyde-containing resins, polyvinyl alcohol, or poly(meth)acrylates;(2) changing the pH of the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks; and(3) drying the gel. 29. Process for the production of materials with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks on a scale of no more than 100 nm by:(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds, wherein the organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof are formaldehyde or formaldehyde-containing resins, polyvinyl alcohol, or poly(meth)acrylates;(2) thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks; and(3) drying the gel. 30. Process for the production of materials with interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks on a scale of no more than 100 nm by:(1) mixing aqueous solutions or dispersions of organic polymers, polymer precursors, or mixtures thereof which are capable of forming polymer networks in the aqueous phase with silicon dioxide compounds, wherein the organic polymers, polymer precursors or mixtures thereof are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, polyamides, polyvinylamines, bile acid homopolymers, bile acid copolymers, bile acid oligomers, melamine resins, phenolic resins, resorcinol resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, resorcinol-formaldehyde condensates and polyacrylic acids;(2) changing the pH of and/or thermally treating the aqueous solution or dispersion to form a gel consisting of interpenetrating organic and silica gel networks; and(3) drying the gel.
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