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A solid state thermal control device contains a substrate and a plurality of solid state thermal elements on the substrate. The thermal elements are adapted to provide thermal control to a device under test (DUT). Each solid state thermal element contains at least one solid state heater and an activ

A solid state thermal control device contains a substrate and a plurality of solid state thermal elements on the substrate. The thermal elements are adapted to provide thermal control to a device under test (DUT). Each solid state thermal element contains at least one solid state heater and an active control circuit adapted to control a thermal output of the heater. Optionally, the each thermal element may also include a solid state temperature sensor.

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1. A solid state thermal control device, comprising:a substrate; anda plurality of solid state thermal elements on the substrate adapted to provide thermal control to a device under test (DUT);wherein:each solid state thermal element comprises:(a) at least one solid state heater; and(b) a control ci

1. A solid state thermal control device, comprising:a substrate; anda plurality of solid state thermal elements on the substrate adapted to provide thermal control to a device under test (DUT);wherein:each solid state thermal element comprises:(a) at least one solid state heater; and(b) a control circuit adapted to control a thermal output of the solid state heater;the substrate comprises a semiconductor wafer;the thermal elements are arranged in or over the semiconductor wafer such that one or more thermal elements are adapted to provide thermal control to each die of a wafer under test; andthe control circuit comprises an active semiconductor logic control circuit. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the heaters comprise integrated circuit resistors. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the heaters comprise solid state thermoelectric or thermionic devices. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the heaters comprise microelectromechanical heat pumps. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least 1000 thermal elements on the substrate. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein a first active control circuit is adapted to actively control a magnitude of the thermal output of a first heater located in a same first thermal element as the first active control circuit. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of thermal elements are adapted to provide different thermal outputs to maintain the DUT with a non-uniform spatial power dissipation during electrical testing or burn-in processing at a substantially uniform temperature during the electrical testing or burn-in processing. 8. The device of claim 6, wherein the thermal control device is adapted to provide thermal control for different types of DUTs undergoing electrical testing or burn-in processing independent of spatial or temporal variation in DUT power dissipation during the testing. 9. The device of claim 6, wherein the first active control circuit is adapted to actively control a magnitude of the thermal output of the first heater and of a second hearer which arc located in the first thermal element. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a solid state temperature sensor located in the plurality of thermal elements. 11. The device of claim 10, further comprising a plurality of thermal isolation regions which substantially thermally isolate adjacent thermal elements, wherein the isolation regions comprise at least one of air gap isolation trenches, trenches filled with low thermal conductivity material or semiconductor regions of lower thermal conductivity than the thermal elements. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the plurality of thermal elements are adapted to be set to a single predetermined temperature. 13. The device of claim 10, wherein the active control circuits are adapted to continuously adjust the thermal output of the heaters based on temperature measured by the plurality of temperature sensors. 14. A thermal control device comprising:a plurality of first means for providing thermal control to a device under test (DUT) undergoing burn-in or electrical testing;a plurality of second means for providing control of a magnitude of a thermal output of the plurality of first means; anda substrate which supports the plurality of the first means and the second means;wherein:the DUT comprises a semiconductor wafer under test (WUT); andthe first means includes at least one solid state heater which provides thermal control to one die of the WUT. 15. The device of claim 14, further comprising at least 1000 first means on the substrate. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein the plurality of second means independently control the magnitude of the thermal output of the plurality of first means such that the plurality of first means provide a different amount of thermal output to maintain the DUT with a non-uniform spatial power dissipation during electrical testing or burn-in processing at a substantially uniform temperature during the electrical testing or burn-in proc essing. 17. The device of claim 14, wherein the thermal control device is adapted to provide thermal control for different types of DUTs undergoing electrical testing or burn-in processing independent of spatial or temporal variation in DUT power dissipation during the testing. 18. The device of claim 14, wherein one second means actively controls the magnitude of the thermal output of at least two solid state heaters which are located adjacent on the substrate to the one second means. 19. The device of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of fourth means for measuring DUT temperature. 20. The device of claim 19, further comprising a plurality of fifth means for substantially thermally isolating a plurality of thermal elements from adjacent thermal elements, where each thermal element comprises at least one first means, at least one second means, and at least one fourth means. 21. The device of claim 20, where the second means continuously adjust the thermal output of the first means based on temperature measured by the fourth means. 22. The device of claim 14, the second means adjust the thermal output of the first means based on:(a) a temperature measured by a plurality of temperature sensors located on the DUT;(b) a determined DUT power dissipation; or(c) a stored profile of DUT power dissipation. 23. The device of claim 14, wherein a first surface of the substrate contacts a back surface of the DUT during electrical testing or burn-in processing, while an electrical probe contacts a front surface of the DUT and a thermal reservoir contacts a second surface of the substrate. 24. A solid state thermal control device, comprising:a substrate; anda plurality of solid state thermal elements on the substrate adapted to provide thermal control to a wafer under test (WUT);wherein:each solid state thermal element comprises:(a) at least one solid state heater; and(b) a control circuit adapted to control a thermal output of the solid slate heater; andthe thermal elements are arranged in or over the substrate such that one or more thermal elements are adapted to provide thermal control to each die of the wafer under test. 25. The device of claim 24, wherein the substrate comprises a semiconductor wafer. 26. The device of claim 24, further comprising a plurality of thermal isolation regions which substantially thermally isolate adjacent thermal elements. 27. The device of claim 24, wherein the heaters comprise integrated circuit resistors. 28. The device of claim 24, the heaters comprise solid state thermoelectric or thermionic devices. 29. The device of claim 24, wherein the heaters comprise microelectromechanical heat pumps. 30. The device of claim 24, further comprising at least 1000 thermal elements on the substrate. 31. The device of claim 24, further comprising a solid state temperature sensor located in the plurality of thermal elements. 32. The device of claim 31, wherein the active control circuits are adapted to continuously adjust the thermal output of the heaters based on temperature measured by the plurality of temperature sensors. 33. A thermal control device, comprising:a plurality of first means for providing thermal control to a device under test (DUT) undergoing burn-in or electrical testing;a plurality of second means for providing control of a magnitude of a thermal output of the plurality of first means; anda substrate which supports the plurality of the first means and the second means. 34. The device of claim 13, further comprising at least 1000 first means on the substrate. 35. The device of claim 33, wherein the plurality of second means independently control the magnitude of the thermal output of the plurality of first means such that the plurality of first means provide a different amount of thermal output to maintain the DUT with a non-uniform spatial power dissipation during electrical testing or burn-in processing at a substantially uniform temperature during the electrical testing or burn-in processing . 36. The device of claim 33, further comprising a plurality of fourth means for measuring DUT temperature. 37. The device of claim 36, further comprising a plurality of fifth means for substantially thermally isolating a plurality of thermal elements from adjacent thermal elements, where each thermal element comprises at least one first means, at least one second means, and at least one truth means. 38. The device of claim 36, where the second means continuously adjust the thermal output of the first means based on temperature measured by the truth means. 39. The device of claim 33, wherein a first surface of the substrate contacts a back surface of the DUT during electrical testing or burn-in processing, while an electrical probe contacts a front surface of the DUT and a thermal reservoir contacts a second surface of the substrate. 40. A solid state thermal control device, comprising:a substrate; anda plurality of substantially thermally isolated solid state thermal elements on the substrate adapted to provide thermal control to a device under test (DUT);wherein each solid state thermal element comprises:(a) at least one solid State heater; and(b) a control circuit adapted to control a thermal output of the solid state heater wherein: the substrate comprises a portion of a semiconductor wafer, and the thermal elements are arranged in or over the portion of the semiconductor wafer such that two or more thermal elements are adapted to provide thermal control to a device under test which comprises a packaged semiconductor device, an unpackaged semiconductor die or a portion of a wafer under test. 41. The device of claim 40, wherein the control circuits are adapted to adjust the thermal output of the heaters based on temperature measured by a plurality of second temperature sensors located on the DUT. 42. The device of claim 40, wherein the control circuits are adapted to adjust the thermal output of the heaters based on determined DUT power dissipation. 43. The device of claim 40, wherein the active control circuits are adapted to adjust the thermal output of the heaters based on a stored profile of DUT power dissipation. 44. The device of claim 40, wherein the heaters comprise integrated circuit resistors. 45. The device of claim 40, wherein the heaters comprise solid state thermoelectric or thermionic devices. 46. The device of claim 40, wherein the heaters comprise microelectromechanical heat pumps. 47. The device of claim 40, further comprising at least 1000 thermal elements on the substrate. 48. The device of claim 40, further comprising a solid state temperature sensor located in the plurality of thermal elements. 49. The device of claim 48, wherein the active control circuits are adapted to continuously adjust the thermal output of the heaters based on temperature measured by the plurality of temperature sensors. 50. The device of claim 40, further comprising a plurality of thermal isolation regions which substantially thermally isolate adjacent thermal elements, wherein the isolation regions comprise at least one of air gap isolation trenches, trenches filled with low thermal conductivity material or semiconductor regions of lower thermal conductivity than the thermal elements. 51. A method of using a solid state thermal control device, comprising:placing a first side of a wafer undertest (WUT) in thermal contact with the solid state thermal control device;placing an electrical testing probe in contact with a second surface of the WUT;performing electrical testing or burning processing of the WUT, wherein the WUT in an unheated state has at least one of a non-uniform spatial and temporal temperature or power dissipation during the testing; andheating the WUT using solid state thermal elements of the solid state thermal control device such that the WUT has a substantially uniform respective spatial, temporal or spatial and temporal temperature profile during testing;wherein the solid state thermal control device comprise s:a substrate comprising a semiconductor wafer; anda plurality of the solid state thermal elements on the substrate adapted to provide thermal control to the WUT;wherein:each solid state thermal element comprises:(a) at least one solid state heater; and(b) a control circuit adapted to control a thermal output of the solid state heater;the thermal elements are arranged in or over the semiconductor wafer such that one or more thermal elements are adapted to provide thermal control to each die of the WUT; andthe control circuit comprises an active semiconductor logic control circuit. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein:the thermal control substrate contacts a thermal reservoir;the thermal control substrate comprises a semiconductor wafer containing at least 1000 thermal elements in or above its surface;the thermal elements comprise at least one solid state heater and an control circuit;at least one thermal clement is located in thermal contact with a first region on the WUT; andthe at least one thermal element provides a substantially uniform spatial or temporal temperature profile for the first region. 53. The method of claim 51, wherein the thermal elements provide a substantially uniform spatial temperature profile across the WUT having a non-uniform spatial temperature or power dissipation during electrical testing or burn-in processing. 54. The method of claim 51, wherein the thermal elements provide a substantially uniform temporal temperature profile across an active area of the WUT having a non-uniform temporal temperature or power dissipation during electrical testing or burn-in processing. 55. The method of claim 51, wherein the thermal elements provide a substantially uniform spatial and temporal temperature profile across an active area of the WUT having a non-uniform spatial and temporal temperature or power dissipation during electrical testing or burn-in processing. 56. The method of claim 52, further comprising:individually measuring a temperature of the thermal elements using temperature sensors located in the thermal elements;providing measured temperature data to the active logic circuits located in the thermal elements;extrapolating individual WUT region temperature from the measured temperature of the thermal elements;determining if the extrapolated temperature of at least one WUT region deviates from a set point temperature by more than a first amount; andindependently controlling the magnitude of the thermal output of the plurality of the solid state heaters located in the thermal elements. 57. The method of claim 52, wherein:the thermal reservoir comprises a thermal chuck;the electrical testing probe comprises a wafer with pads which contact microspring contactors located on the WUT; andperforming electrical testing or burn-in processing comprises simultaneously performing electrical testing or burn-in processing of a plurality of die of the WUT.