IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0264710
(2002-10-04)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Klabunde, Kenneth J.
- Bedilo, Aleksandr F.
- Koper, Olga B.
- Sigel, Michael
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출원인 / 주소 |
- Kansas State University Research Foundation
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
23 인용 특허 :
2 |
초록
▼
Composites for destroying chemical and biological agents such as toxins and bacteria, and methods of preparing and using those composites are provided. According to the invention, the substance to be destroyed is contacted with the inventive composites which comprise finely divided metal oxide nanop
Composites for destroying chemical and biological agents such as toxins and bacteria, and methods of preparing and using those composites are provided. According to the invention, the substance to be destroyed is contacted with the inventive composites which comprise finely divided metal oxide nanoparticles at least partially coated with carbon. Advantageously, the composites exclude water while not excluding the target compound or adsorbates. The desired metal oxide nanoparticles can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. Preferred metal oxide nanoparticles include MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O3, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, SiO2, ZnO, Ag2O, and mixtures thereof.
대표청구항
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1. A method of sorbing a target substance comprising the steps of:providing a quantity of a composite comprising metal oxide nanoparticles which are at least partially coated with a layer comprising carbon; and contacting said composite with a target substance under conditions for sorbing at least a
1. A method of sorbing a target substance comprising the steps of:providing a quantity of a composite comprising metal oxide nanoparticles which are at least partially coated with a layer comprising carbon; and contacting said composite with a target substance under conditions for sorbing at least a portion of said target substance. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said target substance is selected from the group consisting of acids, alcohols, compounds having an atom of a halogen, P, S, N, Se, or Te, hydrocarbon compounds toxic metal compounds, bacteria, fungi, spores, viruses, rickettsiae, chlamydia, and toxins.3. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting step takes place for at least about 10 minutes under ambient conditions.4. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting stop takes place for at least about 2 seconds at a temperature of from about 300-500° C.5. The method of claim 1, wherein said target substance is selected from the group consisting of spores, bacteria, fungi, viruses, rickettsiae, chlamydia, and toxins, and said contacting step results in at least about a 90% reduction in the viable units of said target substance.6. The method of claim 1, wherein said target substance is selected from the group consisting of acids, alcohols, compounds having an atom of a halogen, P, S, N, Se, or Te, hydrocarbon compounds, toxic metal compounds, and said contacting step results in at least about a 80% reduction in the concentration of said target substance.7. The method of claim 1, said metal oxide nanoparticles being selected from the group consisting of MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O3, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, SiO2, ZnO, and Ag2O nanoparticles, and mixtures of the foregoing.8. The method of claim 1, said composite having an average crystallite size of from about 3-60 nm.9. The method of claim 1, said composite having a multi-point surface area of from about 30-700 m2/g.10. The method of claim 1, wherein said nanoparticles are in the form of a self-sustaining body.11. The method of claim 10, wherein said body has a multi-point surface area which is at least about 25% of the multi-point surface area of the composite prior to being formed into a self-sustaining body.12. The method of claim 10, wherein said body has a total pore volume which is at least about 25% of the total pore volume of the composite prior to being formed into a self-sustaining body.13. The method of claim 1, wherein said layer is at least about 90% by weight carbon, based upon the total weight of the layer taken as 100% by weight.14. The method of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises from about 50-98% by weight metal oxide nanoparticles, based upon the total weight of the composite taken as 100% by weight.15. The method of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises from about 2-50% by weight of said layer, based upon the total weight of the composite taken as 100% by weight.16. The method of claim 1, wherein said nanoparticles have a surface area, and at least about 10% of said surface area is covered with said layer.17. The method of claim 1, said layer having a thickness of less than about 10 Å.18. A method of forming an adsorbent composite, said method comprising the step of decomposing a metal alkoxide or a salt of an organic acid by heating the metal alkoxide to a temperature of at least about 500° C. to yield a metal oxide having a surface which is at least partially coated with a layer comprising carbon.19. The method of claim 18, further including the step of spray drying said metal alkoxide prior to said decomposing step.20. The method of claim 18, wherein said metal alkoxide is an alkoxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca, Ti, Zr, Fe, V, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Al, Si, Zn, Ag, and mixtures thereof.21. A method of preparing an adsorbent composite, said method comprising the steps of:providing a quantity of a carbon-rich aerogel; and drying said aerogel under conditions to yield an adsorbent composite comprising metal oxide nanoparticles which are at least partially coated with a layer comprising carbon. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said aerogel can be formed by reacting a metal alkoxide or salt of an organic acid with an organic compound having at least one ?OR group, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C8 substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups.23. The method of claim 22, wherein said organic compound has the formula wherein each R is individually selected from the group consisting of ?H and ?OR1, where R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C8 substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups.24. The method of claim 22, wherein said organic compound comprises at least one ?OH group.25. The method of claim 22, wherein said organic compound is a hydrocarbon having at least two ?OH groups.26. The method of claim 22, wherein said organic compound is a hydrocarbon having at least one ?OH group and at least one ether group bound thereto, wherein the oxygen atom of said ether group is less than about 4 carbon atoms away from the oxygen atom of said ?OH group.27. The method of claim 22, wherein said organic compound is selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone, resorcinol, methoxyethanol, methoxyphenols, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.28. The method of claim 21, wherein said drying step is carried out at a temperature of from about 250-300° C. and at a pressure of from about 4,000-15,000 kPa.29. The method of claim 21, wherein the composite resulting from said drying step comprises metal oxide nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O3, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, SiO2, ZnO, and Ag2O nanoparticles, and mixtures of the foregoing.30. The method of claim 21, said composite resulting from said drying step having an average crystallite size of from about 3-60 nm.31. The method of claim 21, said composite resulting from said drying step having a multi-point surface area of from about 30-700 m2/g.32. The method of claim 21, further including the step of forming said nanoparticles into a self-sustaining body.33. The method of claim 21, wherein said layer is at least about 90% by weight carbon, based upon the total weight of the layer taken as 100% by weight.34. The method of claim 21, wherein said composite comprises from about 50-98% by weight metal oxide nanoparticles, based upon the total weight of the composite taken as 100% by weight.35. The method of claim 21, wherein said composite comprises from about 2-50% by weight of said layer, based upon the total weight of the composite taken as 100% by weight.36. The method of claim 21, wherein said nanoparticles of said composite have a surface area, and at least about 10% of said surface area is covered with said layer.37. The method of claim 21, said layer having a thickness of less than about 10 Å.
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