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A fluid handling component having a durable ultraphobic fluid contact surface that is capable of exhibiting ultraphobic properties at liquid pressures of one atmosphere and above. The surface generally includes a substrate portion with a multiplicity of projecting regularly shaped microscale or nano

A fluid handling component having a durable ultraphobic fluid contact surface that is capable of exhibiting ultraphobic properties at liquid pressures of one atmosphere and above. The surface generally includes a substrate portion with a multiplicity of projecting regularly shaped microscale or nanoscale asperities disposed so that the surface has a predetermined contact line density measured in meters of contact line per square meter of surface area equal to or greater than a contact line density value “ΛL” determined according to the formula: ΛL=-10?,?330γcos?(θa,0+ω-90?°)where γ is the surface tension of the liquid in Newtons per meter, θa,0 is the experimentally measured true advancing contact angle of the liquid on the asperity material in degrees, and ω is the asperity rise angle in degrees.

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1. A fluid handling component comprising:a body having at least one fluid contact surface portion, said fluid contact surface portion including a substrate with a multiplicity of substantially uniformly shaped asperities thereon, each asperity having a common asperity rise angle relative to the subs

1. A fluid handling component comprising:a body having at least one fluid contact surface portion, said fluid contact surface portion including a substrate with a multiplicity of substantially uniformly shaped asperities thereon, each asperity having a common asperity rise angle relative to the substrate, the asperities positioned so that the surface has a contact line density measured in meters of contact line per square meter of surface area equal to or greater than a contact line density value “ΛL” determined according to the formula: where γ is the surface tension of a fluid in contact with the surface in Newtons per meter, θa,0 is the experimentally measured true advancing contact angle of the fluid on the asperity material in degrees, and ω is the asperity rise angle in degrees, wherein the surface exhibits a liquid-solid-gas interface with the fluid at a pressure of at least one atmosphere.2. The component of claim 1, wherein the asperities are projections.3. The component of claim 2, wherein the asperities are polyhedrally shaped.4. The component of claim 2, wherein each asperity has a generally square transverse cross-section.5. The component of claim 2, wherein the asperities are cylindrical or cylindroidally shaped.6. The component of claim 1, wherein the asperities are cavities formed in the substrate.7. The component of claim 1, wherein the asperities are positioned in a substantially uniform array.8. The component of claim 7, wherein the asperities are positioned in a rectangular array.9. The component of claim 1, wherein the asperities are parallel ridges.10. The component of claim 1, wherein the asperities have a substantially uniform asperity height relative to the substrate portion, and wherein the asperity height is greater than a critical asperity height value “Zc” in meters determined according to the formula: where d is the distance in meters between adjacent asperities, θa,0 is the experimentally measured true advancing contact angle of the liquid on the asperity material in degrees, and ω so is the asperity rise angle in degrees.11. The component of claim 1, wherein the component includes a tube having a bore with an inner surface, and wherein the at least one fluid contact surface portion is on said inner surface.12. The component of claim 1, wherein the component is a valve.13. The component of claim 1, wherein the component is a fluid moving device.14. The component of claim 13, wherein the fluid moving device is a pump.15. A process of making a fluid handling component having an ultraphobic fluid contact surface adapted for repelling a liquid at a pressure of at least one atmosphere in contact with the surface, the process comprising:providing a fluid handling component including a substrate having an outer surface; and forming a multiplicity of substantially uniformly shaped asperities on the outer surface of the substrate, each asperity having a common asperity rise angle relative to the substrate portion, the asperities positioned so that the surface has a contact line density measured in meters of contact line per square meter of surface area equal to or greater than a contact line density value “ΛL” determined according to the formula: where γ is the surface tension of the liquid in Newtons per meter, θa,0 is the experimentally measured true advancing contact angle of the liquid on the asperity material in degrees, and ω is the asperity rise angle in degrees.16. The process of claim 15, wherein the asperities are formed by photolithography.17. The process of claim 15, wherein the asperities are formed by a process selected from the group consisting of nanomachining, microstamping, microcontact printing, self-assembling metal colloid monolayers, atomic force microscopy nanomachining, sol-gel molding, self-assembled monolayer directed patterning, chemical etching, sol-gel stamping, printing with colloidal inks, and disposing a layer of parallel carbon nanotubes on the substrate.18. A process for producing a fluid handling component having a fluid contact surface with ultraphobic properties at liquid pressures up to a predetermined pressure value, the process comprising:selecting an asperity rise angle; determining a critical contact line density “ΛL” value according to the formula: where P is the predetermined pressure value, γ is the surface tension of the liquid, θa,0 is the experimentally measured true advancing contact angle of the liquid on the asperity material in degrees, and ω is the asperity rise angle; providing a fluid handling component having a substrate; and forming a multiplicity of projecting asperities on the substrate so that the surface has an actual contact line density equal to or greater than the critical contact line density. 19. The process of claim 18, wherein the asperities are formed using photolithography.20. The process of claim 18, wherein the asperities are formed by extrusion.21. The process of claim 18, wherein the asperities are formed using nanomachining, microstamping, microcontact printing, self-assembling metal colloid monolayers, atomic force microscopy nanomachining, sol-gel molding, self-assembled monolayer directed patterning, chemical etching, sol-gel stamping, printing with colloidal inks, or by disposing a layer of carbon nanotubes on the substrate.22. The process of claim 18, further comprising the step of selecting a geometrical shape for the asperities.23. The process of claim 18, further comprising the step of selecting an array pattern for the asperities.24. The process of claim 18, further comprising the steps of selecting at least one dimension for the asperities and determining at least one other dimension for the asperities using an equation for contact line density.25. The process of claim 18, further comprising the step of determining a critical asperity height value “Zc” in meters according to the formula: where d is the distance in meters between adjacent asperities, θa,0 is the true advancing contact angle of the liquid on the surface in degrees, and ω is the asperity rise angle in degrees. 26. A fluid handling system comprising:at least one fluid handling component including a body with at least one fluid contact surface portion, said fluid contact surface portion including a substrate with a multiplicity of substantially uniformly shaped asperities thereon, each asperity having a common asperity rise angle relative to the substrate, the asperities positioned so that the surface has a contact line density measured in meters of contact line per square meter of surface area equal to or greater than a contact line density value “ΛL” determined according to the formula: where γ is the surface tension of a fluid in contact with the surface in Newtons per meter, θa,0 is the experimentally measured true advancing contact angle of the fluid on the asperity material in degrees, and ω is the asperity rise angle in degrees, wherein the surface exhibits a liquid-solid-gas interface with the fluid at a pressure of at least one atmosphere. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the asperities are projections.28. The system of claim 27, wherein the asperities are polyhedrally shaped.29. The system of claim 27, wherein each asperity has a generally square transverse cross-section.30. The system of claim 27, wherein the asperities are cylindrical or cylindroidally shaped.31. The system of claim 26, wherein the asperities are cavities formed in the substrate.32. The system of claim 26, wherein the asperities are positioned in a substantially uniform array.33. The system of claim 32, wherein the asperities are positioned in a rectangular array.34. The system of claim 26, wherein the asperities have a substantially uniform asperity height relative to the substrate portion, and wherein the asperity height is greater than a critical asperity height value “Zc” in meters determined according to the formula: where d is the distance in meters between adjacent asperities, θa,0 is the experimentally measured true advancing contact angle of the liquid on the asperity material in degrees, and ω is the asperity rise angle in degrees.35. The system of claim 26, wherein the component includes a tube having a bore with an inner surface, and wherein the at least one fluid contact surface portion is on said inner surface.36. The component of claim 26, wherein the component is a valve.37. The component of claim 26, wherein the component is a fluid moving device.38. The component of claim 37, wherein the fluid moving device is a pump.