Stimulation, particularly fracturing or acidising, of hydrocarbon wells having bores leading to hydrocarbon bearing uses a fluid including a continuous phase of or including a compound of the formula (1): (R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)n?R1 where R1, AO, n, m, Ph, R2 and p having defined meanings and parti
Stimulation, particularly fracturing or acidising, of hydrocarbon wells having bores leading to hydrocarbon bearing uses a fluid including a continuous phase of or including a compound of the formula (1): (R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)n?R1 where R1, AO, n, m, Ph, R2 and p having defined meanings and particularly where the esters are alkyl or alkenyl benzoate esters. These esters are beneficial by having a range of viscosities, especially extending to low viscosities, and attractive toxicological and environmental profiles for use in well stimulation.
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1. A method of stimulating a hydrocarbon well which has a bore leading to a hydrocarbon bearing formation, which method includes the steps of:a) introducing into the bore a fluid including a continuous phase of or including at least one compound of the following formula (I): (R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)
1. A method of stimulating a hydrocarbon well which has a bore leading to a hydrocarbon bearing formation, which method includes the steps of:a) introducing into the bore a fluid including a continuous phase of or including at least one compound of the following formula (I): (R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)n?R1??(I) whereR1 is a C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl group; AO is an alkyleneoxy group and may vary along the (poly)alkyleneoxy chain; n 0 or from 1 to 100; m is 0, 1 or 2; and Ph is a phenyl group, which may be substituted with groups (R2)p; where each R2 is independently a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group; and p is 0, 1 or 2; and at least one fatty acid ester; and b) thereafter carrying out well stimulation operations. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein R1 is a C3 to C18 alkyl or alkenyl group.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein n is 0, m is 0 and p is 0.4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid includes iso-propyl benzoate, iso-stearyl benzoate and/or oleyl benzoate.5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid includes at least 10% by weight of the total fluid of a compound of the formula (I).6. A fracturing fluid which is an emulsion of an aqueous medium in a continuous non-aqueous phase including at least one compound of the following formula (I):(R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)n?R1??(I) whereinR1 represents a C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl group; AO independently represents an alkyleneoxy group; n 0 or from 1 to 100; m is 0, 1 or 2; and Ph represents a phenyl group; and R2 independently represents a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group; and p is 0, 1 or 2; the fluid additionally including a dispersion of solid proppant particles.7. A method of stimulating a hydrocarbon well which has a bore leading to a hydrocarbon bearing formation, comprising:a) introducing into the bore a fluid comprising a compound represented by the following formula (I): (R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)n?R1??(I) whereinR1 represents a C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl group; AO independently represents an alkyleneoxy group; n is 0 or from 1 to 100; m is 0, 1 or 2; Ph represents a phenyl group; R2 independently represents a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group; and p is 0, 1 or 2; and b) carrying out well stimulation operations comprising acidisation and/or fracturing. 8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein R1 represents a C3 to C18 alkyl or alkenyl group.9. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein n is 0, m is 0 and p is 0.10. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fluid comprises iso-propyl benzoate, iso-stearyl benzoate and/or oleyl benzoate.11. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fluid comprises at least 10% by weight of the total fluid of a compound of the formula (I).12. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fluid comprises a blend of at least one compound of the formula (I) and at least one fatty acid ester.13. A method as claimed in claim 7 in which the well is an oil and/or gas well.14. A method as claimed in claim 7 in which the well comprises oil and/or gas.15. A method of acidisation of a hydrocarbon well which has a bore leading to a hydrocarbon bearing formation, which method includes the steps of:a) introducing to a production zone of the well an acidisation fluid, said acidisation fluid comprising an emulsion of an aqueous solution of at least one acidising material in a continuous phase of an ester containing liquid including at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): (R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)n?R1??(I) whereinR1 represents a C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl group; AO independently represents an alkyleneoxy group; n is 0 or from 1 to 100; m is 0, 1 or 2; and Ph represents a phenyl group, R2 independently represents a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group; and p is 0, 1 or 2; and b) contacting said acidisation fluid with a production formation to acidise the formation. 16. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein R1 represents a C3 to C18 alkyl or alkenyl group.17. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein n is 0, m is 0 and p is 0.18. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the acidisation fluid comprises iso-propyl benzoate, iso-stearyl benzoate and/or oleyl benzoate.19. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the acidisation fluid comprises at least 10% by weight of the total carrier fluid of a compound of the formula (I).20. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the acidisation fluid comprises a blend of at least one compound represented by formula (I) and at least one fatty acid ester.21. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the well is an oil and/or gas well.22. A method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the well comprises oil and/or gas.23. A method of fracturing a hydrocarbon well which has a bore leading to a hydrocarbon bearing formation, which method includes the steps of:a) introducing to a production zone of the well a fracturing fluid, which is an emulsion comprising an aqueous acid phase in a continuous phase of an ester containing liquid including at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): (R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)n?R1??(I) whereinR1 represents a C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl group; AO independently represents an alkyleneoxy group; n is 0 or from 1 to 100; m is 0, 1 or 2; Ph represents a phenyl group; R2 independently represents a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group; p is 0, 1 or 2; said fluid additionally comprising a dispersion of solid proppant particles; and b) applying pressure to the fluid so as to subject the production zone to hydraulic fracturing. 24. A method as claimed in claim 23 wherein R1 represents a C3 to C18 alkyl or alkenyl group.25. A method as claimed in claim 23 wherein n is 0, m is 0 and p is 0.26. A method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises iso-propyl benzoate, iso-stearyl benzoate and/or oleyl benzoate.27. A method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises at least 10% by weight of the total fluid of a compound of the formula (I).28. A method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises a blend of at least one compound of the formula (I) and at least one fatty acid ester.29. A method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the well is an oil or gas well.30. A method as claimed in claim 23 wherein the well comprises oil and/or gas.31. An acidisation fluid which is an emulsion of an aqueous solution of at least one acidising material in a continuous non-aqueous phase including at least one compound of the following formula (I):(R2)p?Ph?(CH2)m?COO?(AO)n?R1??(I) whereR1 is a C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl group; AO is an alkyleneoxy group and may vary along the (poly)alkyleneoxy chain; n 0 or from 1 to 100: m is 0, 1 or 2; and Ph is a phenyl group, which may be substituted with groups (R2)p; where each R2 is independently a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group; and p is 0, 1 or 2.
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