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The invention concerns composite nanospheres having a diameter ranging between about 50 and 1000 nm plus or minus 5%, preferably between about 100 and 500 nm plus or minus 5% and advantageously between 100 and 200 nm plus or minus 5%, and comprising an essentially liquid core consisting of an organi

The invention concerns composite nanospheres having a diameter ranging between about 50 and 1000 nm plus or minus 5%, preferably between about 100 and 500 nm plus or minus 5% and advantageously between 100 and 200 nm plus or minus 5%, and comprising an essentially liquid core consisting of an organic phase and inorganic nanoparticles, distributed inside the organic phase, and a skin consisting of at least a hydrophilic polymer derived from the polymerisation of at least one water soluble monomer, in particular N-alkylacrylamide or a N?N-dialkylacrylamide; conjugates derived from said nanospheres; their preparation methods and their uses.

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1. A method for preparing composite nanospheres, comprising:introducing at least one water-soluble monomer, at least one water-soluble crosslinking agent and at least one water-soluble polymerization initiator into a hydrophilic phase of a stable isodisperse solution comprising said hydrophilic phas

1. A method for preparing composite nanospheres, comprising:introducing at least one water-soluble monomer, at least one water-soluble crosslinking agent and at least one water-soluble polymerization initiator into a hydrophilic phase of a stable isodisperse solution comprising said hydrophilic phase and a hydrophobic phase comprising droplets containing inorganic nanoparticles homogeneous dispersed in an organic phase containing a surfactant, wherein the hydrophobic phase is dispersed in the hydrophilic phase, and the at least one water-soluble monomer is polymerized in the presence of the crosslinking agent and the initiator. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one hydrophobic monomer and a first polymerization initiator are introduced into the hydrophilic phase before introducing the at least one water-soluble monomer and the at least one water-soluble cross-linking agent.3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one water-soluble polymerization initiator and a second polymerization initiator are introduced into the hydrophilic phase simultaneously with the addition of the at least one water-soluble monomer and at least one hydrophobic monomer.4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one water-soluble initiator is selected from the group consisting of peroxydisulfate salts; hydroperoxides; hydrogen peroxide; 2,2′-azobisamidinopropane hydrochloride; dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate); 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid); and 2.2′-azobis(2-cyanopropanol).5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one water-soluble monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-alkylacrylamide and N-N-dialkylacrylamide, and the at least one hydrophobic monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinylaromatic monomers which are insoluble in water, and copolymers of these monomers with each other and/or with other comonomers.6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hydrophobic monomer is selected from vinylaromatic monomers which are insoluble in water, and the copolymers of these monomers with each other and/or with other comonomers.7. The method as claimed in claim 1, in which the at least one water-soluble crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic phase comprises an aliphatic and/or cyclic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of compounds comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, isomers thereof and mixtures thereof, and the hydrophilic phase is an aqueous phase.9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymerizing step is carried out by at least one of raising the temperature to about 60° C. to about 90° C. in the presence of the polymerization initiator, and photochemistry using rays.10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the vinylaromatic monomers comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of styrene, methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, tertbutylstyrene and vinyltoluene.11. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the comonomers are selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates wherein the alkyl group includes from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of ethylenic acids possessing 4 or 5 carbon atoms and of alkyl group possessing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, methacrylic acids, styrene derivatives, and diene compounds.12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one water-soluble polymerization initiator and a second polymerization initiator are introduced into the hydrophilic phase prior to the addition of the at least one water-soluble monomer and at least one hydrophobic monomer.13. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one water-soluble polymerization initiator and a second polymerization initiator are introduced into the hydrophilic phase subsequent to the addition of the at least one water-soluble monomer and at least one hydrophobic monomer.14. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the peroxydisulfate salts are selected from the group consisting of potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate.15. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the hydroperoxides include cumene hydroperoxide.16. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the at least one water-soluble monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N-n-propylacrylamide, N-n-propylmethacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide, N-cyclopropylacrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide, N-methyl-N-isopropylacrylamide, and N-methyl-N-n propylacrylamide.17. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the vinylaromatic monomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene, methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, tert-butylstyrene, and vinyltoluene.18. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the comonomers are selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates wherein the alkyl group includes from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of ethylenic acids comprising 4 or 5 carbon atoms and of alkyl group possessing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, methacrylic acids, styrene derivatives, and diene compounds.19. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, octane, nonane, decane, and dodecane.20. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one hydrophobic monomer, and a first polymerization initiator and a second polymerization initiator are introduced into the hydrophilic phase before introducing the at least one water-soluble monomer and the at least one water-soluble cross-linking agent.21. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the rays comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of UV rays and a laser beam.