[특허]Burner with low NOx emissions

ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc.

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특허 상세정보

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Burner with low NOx emissions

특허상세정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	F23M-003/00
미국특허분류(USC)	431/115; 431/009; 431/005; 126/091.A
출원번호	US-0388833 (2003-03-14)
발명자 / 주소	Stephens, George Spicer, David B. Trimble, Robert Gauba, Gautam Bury, Mark E.
출원인 / 주소	ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc.
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 14 인용 특허 : 60

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A burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking. The burner includes a primary air chamber; a burner tube having an upstream end, a downstream end and a venturi intermediate said upstream and downstream ends, said venturi including a throat portion having substantially constant internal cross-sectional dimensions such that the ratio of the length to maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of said throat portion is at least 3; a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of said burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combusti...

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1. A burner for the combustion of fuel in a furnace, said burner comprising:(a) a primary air chamber; (b) a burner tube having an upstream end, a downstream end and a venturi intermediate said upstream and downstream ends, said venturi including a throat portion having substantially constant internal cross-sectional dimension such that the ratio of the length to maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of said throat portion is at least 3; (c) a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of said burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of said burner tip; and (d) a fuel orifice located adjacent the upstream end of said burner tube, for introducing fuel into said burner tube; wherein said burner tip comprises a plurality of main ports in an external surface thereof so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of said external surface of said burner tip, the number and dimensions of said main ports in said external surface being such that the total area of the main ports in said external surface is at least 1 square inch per MMBtu/hr burner capacity. 2. The burner according to claim 1, further comprising:(e) means including a plate for centering said fuel orifice in alignment with said burner tube, said centering plate being perforated to permit flow therethrough from said primary air chamber. 3. The burner according to claim 2, further comprising:(f) a fuel spud located adjacent the upstream end of said burner tube, for introducing fuel into said burner tube. 4. The burner according to claim 3, further comprising:(g) at least one passageway having a first end and a second end adjacent the upstream end of said burner tube; (h) means for drawing flue gas from said furnace, through said at least one passageway, in response to an inspirating effect of uncombusted fuel exiting said fuel spud, said uncombusted fuel flowing through said burner tube from its upstream end towards its downstream end; and (i) means for increasing the inspirating effect of uncombusted fuel exiting said fuel spud; whereby said means for increasing the inspirating effect of uncombusted fuel exiting said fuel spud is effective to increase the amount of flue gas drawn from the furnace as compared to a burner without said means for increasing the inspirating effect. 5. The burner according to claim 2, wherein said upstream end of said burner tube receives fuel and flue gas, air or mixtures thereof and wherein said burner further comprises:(f) at least one passageway having a first end at a second opening in the furnace for admitting flue gas and a second end adjacent the upstream end of said burner tube, said at least one passageway having a cross-sectional area and shape sufficient to permit a total FGR Ratio of greater than 10%; and (g) means for drawing flue gas from said furnace through said at least one passageway in response to an inspirating effect created by uncombusted fuel flowing through said burner tube from its upstream end towards its downstream end. 6. The burner according to claim 5, wherein said cross-sectional area of said passageway is substantially rectangular.7. The burner according to claim 5, wherein said cross-sectional area ranges from about 5 square inches/MMBtu/hr to about 12 square inches/MMBtu/hr.8. The burner according to claim 5, wherein said cross-sectional area comprises a major dimension and a minor dimension ranging from 30% to 100% of said major dimension.9. The burner according to claim 1, wherein said burner is a pre-mix burner.10. The burner according to claim 1, wherein said fuel comprises fuel gas.11. The burner according to claim 1, wherein said burner further comprises at least one steam injection tube.12. The burner according to claim 1, wherein the furnace is a steam cracking furnace.13. The burner of claim 1, wherein the total area of said main ports in said external surface is at least 1.2 square inch per MMBtu/hr burner capacity.14. The burner according to claim 1, further comprising at least one air port in fluid communication with a secondary air chamber of said furnace.15. The burner according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length to maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of said throat portion is from about 4 to about 10.16. The burner according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length to maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of said throat portion is from about 4.5 to about 8.17. The burner according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length to maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of said throat portion is from about 6.5 to about 7.5.18. The burner according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length to maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of said throat portion is from about 6.5 to about 7.0.19. The burner according to claim 1, further comprising at least one passageway having a first end in fluid communication with a source flue gas and a second end adjacent the upstream end of the burner tube, flue gas being drawn from said furnace through said at least one passageway in response to the inspirating effect of the fuel flowing though said venturi, whereby the flue gas is mixed with air and said fuel prior to the combustion thereof.20. The burner according to claim 19, wherein said first end of said at least one passageway is located at a second opening in the furnace, said at least one passageway being internal to the burner.21. A burner for the combustion of fuel in a furnace, said burner comprising:(a) a burner tube having an upstream end, a downstream end and a venturi intermediate said upstream and downstream ends, said venturi including a throat portion having substantially constant internal cross-sectional dimensions such that the ratio of the length to maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of said throat portion is at least 3; (b) a burner tip adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of said burner tip; (c) a lighting chamber adjacent to the first opening in the furnace; and (d) a removable lighting chamber plug having a shape effective to substantially fill said lighting chamber when positioned within said lighting chamber. 22. The burner according to claim 21, wherein placement of said removable lighting chamber plug within said lighting chamber during burner operation is effective to reduce NOx emissions during combustion as compared to the burner without said removable lighting chamber plug so placed.23. The burner according to claim 22, further comprising a sight and lighting port located in an interior wall of said burner and aligned with said lighting chamber.24. A burner for the combustion of fuel in a furnace, said burner comprising:(a) a burner tube having a longitudinal axis and having a downstream end and an upstream end for receiving fuel and air, flue gas or mixtures thereof; (b) a fuel orifice located adjacent the upstream end of said burner tube, for introducing fuel into said burner tube; (c) means including a plate for centering said fuel orifice in alignment with said burner tube, said centering plate being perforated to permit flow therethrough from said primary air chamber (d) a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of said burner tube and adjacent a first opening in the furnace, said burner tip having a plurality of main ports substantially aligned with said longitudinal axis of the burner tube, and a plurality of peripherally arranged side ports; and (e) a peripheral tile which peripherally surrounds said burner tip, said peripheral tile providing at least one gap between an outer periphery of said burner tip and said peripheral tile, said at least one gap effective for providing a portion of the air for combustion wherein the quantity of fuel discharged during combustion from said peripherally arranged side ports does not exceed 15% of the total fuel combusted. 25. The burner of claim 24, wherein said fuel comprises fuel gas.26. The burner according to claim 25, wherein the dimension of the burner-tip-to-peripheral-tile gap is such that the total air available to the fuel exiting the side ports is between about 5 to about 15 percentage points above a Fuel Rich Flammability Limit for the fuel gas being used.27. The burner according to claim 26, wherein the fuel gas discharged during combustion from said peripherally arranged side ports is between about 5 to about 15 percent of the total fuel gas combusted.28. The burner of claim 24, wherein said burner tip comprises a plurality of air flow notches positioned about an outer periphery thereof and said burner further comprises:(f) a burner tip seal in contact with at least a portion of said outer periphery of said burner tip and said peripheral tile wherein a plurality of air gaps is formed between an inner periphery of said burner tip seal and said air flow notches, said plurality of air gaps effective for providing a portion of the air for combustion. 29. The burner of claim 28, wherein said burner tip seal comprises a burner tip band, said burner tip band comprising steel, metal or metal composites capable of withstanding the harsh environment of an industrial burner.30. The burner of claim 24, further comprising:(f) at least one passageway having a first end at a second opening in the furnace and a second end adjacent the upstream end of said burner tube, said at least one passageway having an orifice, said first end being spaced an effective distance from said first opening for minimizing entrainment of a burner flame into said second opening; (g) at least one bleed air duct having a first end and a second end, said first end in fluid communication with said orifice of said at least one passageway and said second end in fluid communication with a source of air which is cooler than the flue gas; and (h) means for drawing flue gas from said furnace through said at least one passageway and air from said source of air from said at least one bleed air duct through said at least one passageway in response to an inspirating effect created by uncombusted fuel, flowing through said burner tube from its upstream end towards its downstream end, whereby the flue gas is mixed with air from said at least one air bleed duct prior to the zone of combustion of the fuel to thereby lower the temperature of the drawn flue gas. 31. The burner of claim 30, further comprising:(i) a wall extending into the furnace between a first flame opening and said first end of said at least one passageway to substantially lengthen a flow path therebetween and thereby providing a substantial barrier to flow. 32. The burner of claim 31, wherein said wall peripherally surrounds said burner tip.33. The burner of claim 32, wherein said wall operates to reduce the amount of oxygen flowing into the base of the flame.34. The burner of claim 33, wherein said burner further comprises at least one steam injection tube.

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Burner with low NOx emissions

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Burner with low NOx emissions

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