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An electrical distribution box for vehicles with two networks at different voltage levels, comprising centralized electronic signal and power control means, including a microprocessor and electrical protection means, arranged on printed circuit boards in a casing, electrically connected to at least

An electrical distribution box for vehicles with two networks at different voltage levels, comprising centralized electronic signal and power control means, including a microprocessor and electrical protection means, arranged on printed circuit boards in a casing, electrically connected to at least one DC supply source and to parts of the vehicle, incorporating at least one voltage converter (5) inside the distribution box (1), on an independent printed circuit board (10) or in a differentiated area of a supporting plate of the control means, which board (10) or differentiated area is in a clear area of said casing, both in its upper part and in its lower part, electromagnetic screening means having been provided for the converter (5) inside the casing, and thermal dissipation means for the supporting plate of the converter (5).

대표청구항 ▼

1. An electrical distribution box for vehicles with two networks at different voltage levels, comprising electronic centralised signal and power control means, including a microprocessor (21) and electric protection means, all of which are arranged on one or several printed circuit boards housed ins

1. An electrical distribution box for vehicles with two networks at different voltage levels, comprising electronic centralised signal and power control means, including a microprocessor (21) and electric protection means, all of which are arranged on one or several printed circuit boards housed inside a casing to control variable characteristics of the signal and power currents through the vehicle, which box (5) comprises means for its electrical connection to at least one DC power source and to parts of the vehicle which are controlled by said electronic centralised signal and power control means, characterised in that:said networks include at least one voltage converter; said voltage converter (5) is located inside said casing of said distribution box (1) on an independent printed circuit board (10) or on a separated area of one of said boards of the control means, said independent board (10) or said separated area being arranged in a part of said casing which is empty both above and below thereof to minimise thermal and electromagnetic interaction between the converter (5) and said electronic control means; electromagnetic screening means for said converter (5) and thermal dissipation means for the supporting plate of the converter (5) are provided inside said casing; a single microprocessor (21) controls the voltage converter (5) and said centralised signal and power control; and said independent board (10) or separated area comprises at least one rapid transient electrical signal conduction path (11) connected to ground to reduce electromagnetic emissions. 2. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that it comprises a single common earthing for the supporting plate of the voltage converter (5) and the plate or plates of the electronic control means, so that the supply of loads by the converter (5) is facilitated.3. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that said independent board (10) or separated area has the printed circuit on only one side of a dielectric substrate (13) comprising, on the opposite side to said printed circuit, a layer (13) of electroconductive material connected to ground, to which layer (13) said at least one rapid transient electrical signal conduction (11) is in turn connected.4. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the board upon which the voltage converter (5) is arranged has the printed circuit on only one side of an electrically insulated substrate, made of a material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, which constitutes part of said voltage converter (5) thermal dissipation means and part of said electromagnetic screening means corresponding to a supporting area of said converter, and providing a ground plane for connection to ground.5. A distribution box in accordance with claim 4, characterised in that it comprises enveloping protections (14) made of plastic material for the voltage converter (5), provided with ventilation windows (15), and on these protections (14) a layer of metallic deposition or metallic grille (16) is disposed excluding said windows (15) and constituting another part of said electromagnetic screening means of the voltage converter (5) corresponding to its upper and side parts.6. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that power conducting tracks (17) of the printed circuit board on which the voltage converter (5) is arranged have a thickness of at least 400 μm suitable for a power current conduit and also constituting part of said thermal dissipation means.7. A distribution box in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that said tracks (17) are sufficiently separated and covered by an insulating film to prevent the jumping of electric arcs.8. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that it comprises at least one fuse at the current input to the box (1) from the vehicle's power generation means.9. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the voltage converter (5) arranged on an independent printed circuit board (10) is connected to the board or boards of the electronic control means by means of pins (22) which are of an appropriate size to bear the necessary power current.10. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that said voltage converter (5) is an unidirectional DC/DC voltage converter adapted to receive a current at a first voltage level from the vehicle's power generating unit, made up of an alternator (A) and a first accumulator (B36) at said first voltage level, and transform it into a current at a second voltage level to supply loads, and eventually a second accumulator (B12) at said second voltage level.11. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that said voltage converter (5) is a bi-directional DC/DC voltage converter adapted to receive a current at a first voltage level from the vehicle's power generating unit, made up of an alternator (A) and a first accumulator (B36) at said first voltage level, and transform it into a current at a second lower voltage level to supply some loads and a second accumulator (B12) at said second voltage level, said voltage converter (5) being also adapted to allow the supply of at least a part of a network (R42) at said first voltage level, including said first accumulator (B36), from said second accumulator (B12) at said second voltage level.12. A distribution box in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that it further comprises ambient temperature control means, which are specific to said inner area of the casing occupied by the voltage converter (5).13. A distribution box in accordance with claim 12, characterised in that said ambient temperature control means comprises a fan which injects air from the outside, from a relatively cool area of the engine compartment or from the passenger compartment, to the inside of said casing, affecting said area occupied by the voltage converter (5), said casing including hot air extraction outlets.14. A distribution box in accordance with claim 12, characterised in that said ambient temperature control means comprises an air sub-circuit which joins an air-conditioning circuit of the passenger compartment of the vehicle with the inside of said casing, affecting said area occupied by the voltage converter (5), said casing including hot air extraction outlets.15. A distribution box in accordance with claim 12, characterised in that said ambient temperature control means comprises conduits and/or deflectors for taking and using the air currents present in the engine department as a result of the effect of the vehicle moving forwards, which come through air intake grilles from outside and affect, inside said casing, said area occupied by the voltage converter (5), said casing including hot air extraction outlets.16. A distribution box in accordance with claim 12, characterised in that said ambient temperature control means comprises a liquid cooling system which absorbs heat from the supporting plate of the voltage converter (5) and dissipates it outside the box.17. A vehicle with electrical networks operating at two different voltage levels characterised in that it comprises at least an electrical distribution box (1) in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 16.18. A vehicle in accordance with claim 17, characterised in that it comprises a plurality of said boxes (1), for controlling and supplying specific loads close to the same, and situated in different parts of the vehicle such as the engine compartment, passenger compartment and boot.19. A vehicle in accordance with claim 17, characterised in that it further comprises in combination, at least one centralised electrical distribution box (8) without a voltage converter (5).