IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0377287
(2003-02-28)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Austin, David C.
- Lohan, Eric
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출원인 / 주소 |
- Dharma Living Systems, Inc.
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대리인 / 주소 |
Allen, Dyer, Doppelt, Milbrath &
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
15 인용 특허 :
77 |
초록
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A wastewater treatment system includes a first lagoon having an inlet for receiving wastewater to be treated and a first vertical flow marsh cell having a bottom outlet. Water can be transported from the first lagoon to the first marsh cell. A second lagoon has an inlet for receiving water from the
A wastewater treatment system includes a first lagoon having an inlet for receiving wastewater to be treated and a first vertical flow marsh cell having a bottom outlet. Water can be transported from the first lagoon to the first marsh cell. A second lagoon has an inlet for receiving water from the first marsh cell outlet and a second vertical flow marsh cell having a bottom outlet. Water can be transported from the second lagoon to the second marsh cell. At least a portion of the water exiting the second marsh cell outlet can be recycled to the first lagoon. The first and the second lagoon are adapted to function essentially aerobically and to contain plants having roots positioned to contact water flowing thereinto. The first and the second marsh cell are adapted to contain plants having roots positioned to contact water flowing thereinto.
대표청구항
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1. A wastewater treatment system comprising:a first and a second lagoon, each adapted to function essentially aerobically and to contain plants having roots positioned to contact water flowing thereinto, the first lagoon having an inlet for receiving incoming wastewater to be treated; a first and a
1. A wastewater treatment system comprising:a first and a second lagoon, each adapted to function essentially aerobically and to contain plants having roots positioned to contact water flowing thereinto, the first lagoon having an inlet for receiving incoming wastewater to be treated; a first and a second vertical flow marsh cell, each having an outlet adjacent a bottom thereof, each adapted to contain plants having roots positioned to contact water flowing thereinto; and means for transporting water from an outlet of the first lagoon to a surface of the first marsh cell, from an outlet of the second lagoon to a surface of the second marsh cell, from the first marsh cell to an inlet of the second lagoon, and from an outlet of the second marsh cell to the first lagoon inlet. 2. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the first and the second marsh cell each comprise:a basin having a hole in a bottom thereof, the hole comprising the marsh cell outlet; a particulate medium positioned within the basin, the particulate medium adapted for permitting plant roots to penetrate thereinto; a drain collection trough positioned beneath the hole for collecting water exiting therefrom; and wherein the means for transporting water from the respective first and second lagoon to the first and second marsh cell comprises means for distributing water to at least a portion of a surface of the respective first and second marsh cell basin. 3. The system recited in claim 2, further comprising a mat positionable above the particulate medium, the mat adapted for permitting a plant to root therein.4. The system recited in claim 3, wherein the mat is positionable atop the particulate medium in spaced relation from a top of the basin.5. The system recited in claim 2, wherein the water distributing means comprises piping for distributing water at a unitary point of the marsh cell surface.6. The system recited in claim 2, wherein the water distributing means comprises piping adapted to minimize plant and particulate medium scouring.7. The system recited in claim 2, wherein the particulate medium comprises an aggregate having a diameter no smaller than approximately 2 mm.8. The system recited in claim 7, wherein the aggregate comprises at least one of a high-porosity plastic medium and expanded shale.9. The system recited in claim 7, wherein the aggregate has a bulk density substantially the same as a bulk density of water, the aggregate substantially nonbuoyant.10. The system recited in claim 2, wherein the first and the second marsh cell is each adapted to maintain at least one of a population of aquatic invertebrates and a population of detritivores.11. The system recited in claim 2, wherein the drain collection trough is further positioned to collect water overflowing a top of the basin.12. The system recited in claim 1, further comprising means for transporting incoming wastewater to be treated to a surface of the second marsh cell.13. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the first and the second lagoon each comprise a basin having a depth greater than a depth of the first and the second marsh cell.14. The system recited in claim 13, wherein the first and the second lagoon each further comprises a rack floatable upon a water surface, for supporting marsh plants thereon, the roots extending substantially therebelow and the leaves and stalks extending substantially thereabove.15. The system recited in claim 13, wherein the first and the second lagoon each is adapted to maintain at least one of a population of grazing aquatic invertebrates and a population of filter-feeding zooplankton.16. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the means for transporting water from the first and the second lagoon comprises a respective first and a second pump, each having an intake positioned lower in the respective lagoon basin than the respective lagoon inlet.17. The system recited in claim 16, further comprising a terminal basin for collecting water emerging from the marsh cell outlet, and wherein the means for transporting water from the second marsh cell outlet to the first lagoon inlet comprises a pump positioned within the terminal basin.18. The system recited in claim 16, further comprising a first level sensor for activating the first pump when a level of water in the first lagoon reaches a predetermined depth.19. The system recited in claim 16, further comprising:a first and a second pipe connecting a first and a second pump discharge with the first and the second marsh cell, respectively; and a first and a second check valve positioned in the first and the second pipe for permitting flow toward the first and the second marsh cell, respectively, and for preventing return flow. 20. The system recited in claim 16, wherein the first and the second pump comprise a high-flow, low-head hydraulic conveyance device selected from a group consisting of an axial flow propeller pump and an airlift pump.21. The system recited in claim 16, further comprising means for controlling an activation of the first and the second pump.22. The system recited in claim 21, wherein the controlling means comprises at least one of a programmable logic controller and an electro-mechanical controller.23. The system recited in claim 21, further comprising means for sensing a selected chemical parameter of the water in at least one of the first and the second lagoon and the first and the second marsh cell, the sensing means in signal communication with the controlling means.24. The system recited in claim 23, wherein the sensing means comprises at least one of a meter for measuring dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, total suspended solids, influent flow into the first lagoon, ammonia concentration, and nitrate concentration.25. The system recited in claim 16, wherein the means for transporting water from the first and the second lagoon further comprises positioning the respective first and second marsh cell to receive water overflowing the first and the second lagoon.26. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the means for transporting water from the second marsh cell outlet to the first lagoon inlet is adapted to recycle a water portion in a range of 50 to 1000% of a volume of incoming wastewater entering the system per unit time.27. The system recited in claim 26, wherein the recycled water portion comprises at least 100% of the incoming wastewater volume.28. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the outlets of the first and the second lagoon are positioned above the first and the second marsh cell inlet, respectively, for permitting gravity flow therebetween.29. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the first and the second lagoon each have a first and a second volume, respectively, and the first and the second marsh cell each have a third and a fourth volume, respectively, the first and the second volume substantially smaller than the third and the fourth volume.30. The system recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and the second lagoon comprises means for aerating water therein.31. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the second lagoon receives water from the first marsh cell via gravity flow, a water level in the second lagoon thereby controlling a water level in the first marsh cell, wherein when the means for transporting water from the second lagoon to the second marsh cell operates to reduce the water level in the second lagoon, the water level in the first marsh cell is consequently reduced.32. The system recited in claim 31, wherein the means for transporting water from the first marsh cell to the second lagoon comprises a pump, and further comprising a pump controller and a sensor positioned in the first marsh cell for detecting a selected chemical parameter of the water therein, the sensor in signal communication with the pump controller for directing an activation of the pump when the detected chemical parameter reaches a predetermined level.33. The system recited in claim 32, wherein the sensor is adapted to measure oxidation-reduction potential.34. The system recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the means for transporting water from the first and the second lagoon outlet to the respective first and the second marsh cell surface and the means for transporting water from the second marsh cell outlet to the first lagoon inlet is operable to permit a substantially complete drainage of at least one of the first and the second marsh cell for a predetermined time prior to transporting water, for permitting aeration of contents of the marsh cell.35. The system recited in claim 1, further comprising means for controlling at least one of the means for transporting water from the first and the second lagoon outlet to the respective first and the second marsh cell surface to permit a substantially complete drainage of the respective first and the second marsh cell for a predetermined time prior to transporting water, for permitting aeration of contents of the marsh cell, the controlling means operable to control the drainage at least once per day.36. A method for treating wastewater comprising the steps of:(a) subjecting wastewater to be treated to a first substantially aerobic environment containing aquatic invertebrates for a first time period; (b) transporting water from the first aerobic environment to a surface of a first substantially aerobic/anoxic environment containing aquatic invertebrates and plants having roots for a second time period; (c) transporting water emerging from beneath the plant roots of the first aerobic/anoxic environment to a second substantially aerobic environment containing aquatic invertebrates for a third time period; (d) transporting water from the second aerobic environment to a surface of a second substantially aerobic/anoxic environment containing aquatic invertebrates and plants having roots for a fourth time period; and (e) recycling at least a portion of the water emerging from beneath the plant roots of the second aerobic/anoxic environment to the first aerobic environment. 37. The method recited in claim 36, further comprising the steps of subdividing the wastewater to be treated into a first and a second portion and delivering the first and the second portion to the first and the second aerobic environment, respectively.38. The method recited in claim 36, wherein step (c) is permitted to substantially drain the first aerobic/anoxic environment to permit passive aeration thereof.39. The method recited in claim 38, wherein the draining is permitted to occur at least once per day.40. The method recited in claim 39, wherein the draining is permitted to occur several times per day.41. The method recited in claim 36, wherein at least one of steps (b) and (d) comprises establishing a free water surface in the respective first and the second aerobic/anoxic environment.42. The method recited in claim 36, wherein steps (b), (d), and (e) comprise pumping the water under control of a programmable logic controller.43. The method recited in claim 36, wherein steps (a) and (c) comprise permitting gravity flow.44. The method recited in claim 36, wherein steps (b) and (d) comprise distributing water at a unitary distribution point to each of the first and the second anaerobic/anoxic environment surface.45. The method recited in claim 36, wherein steps (b) and (d) operate to achieve substantially complete volume turnover in the first and the second aerobic environment at least once per day.46. The method recited in claim 36, further comprising the step of transporting a portion of water remaining from step (e) to an external site, wherein a hydraulic retention time between the first substantially aerobic environment and the transportation to the external site comprises a range of approximately 1-3 days.47. A method for operating a wastewater treatment system comprising the steps of:(a) transporting wastewater to be treated to a first substantially aerobic lagoon containing aquatic plants; (b) retaining the wastewater in the first lagoon for a first predetermined period of time; (c) transporting water from the first lagoon after the first time period to a surface of a first marsh cell containing particulate media and plants growing on a surface of the media, roots of the plants extending into the media; (d) transporting water emerging from a bottom of the first marsh cell to a second substantially aerobic lagoon containing aquatic plants; (e) retaining the wastewater in the second lagoon for a second predetermined period of time; (f) transporting water from the second lagoon after the second time period to a surface of a second marsh cell containing particulate media and plants growing on a surface of the media, roots of the plants extending into the media; and (g) recycling a portion of water emerging from a bottom of the second marsh cell to the first lagoon.
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