초록 ▼

The present invention relates to an additive composition for a combustible fuel to produce improved combustion and reduced exhaust pollution of the combusted fuel, which additive composition comprises:a) one or more water-soluble alcohols having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms, in an anhydrous state or

The present invention relates to an additive composition for a combustible fuel to produce improved combustion and reduced exhaust pollution of the combusted fuel, which additive composition comprises:a) one or more water-soluble alcohols having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms, in an anhydrous state or as a 0.5-36% aqueous solution, and one or more of the following:b) one or more straight- or branched- chain alcohols having between 6-18 carbon atoms;c) one or more ethoxylated alcohols having between 12 and 18 carbon atoms where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles;d) a fatty acid of the structure R?(C?O)?OH having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms withe) a source of nitrogen in an anhydrous state or as an aqueous solution; wherein components a) to e), when combined with mixing with said combustible fuel, form a clear, stable microemulsion having a viscosity similar to the liquid fossil fuel. Combustion is improved and pollutant and particulate levels are reduced.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A combustible fuel composition of combustible liquid fuel and an additive as a clear microemulsion having water present, wherein said combustible liquid fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, kerosene, heating oil, coal slurry oil and distilled vegetable oil and said additive

1. A combustible fuel composition of combustible liquid fuel and an additive as a clear microemulsion having water present, wherein said combustible liquid fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, kerosene, heating oil, coal slurry oil and distilled vegetable oil and said additive comprises:(a) ethanol having between 0.5 and 25% water by volume of ethanol; (b) one or more alcohols selected from the group consisting of: (i) straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms, and (ii) straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 6 and 12 carbon atoms; (c) ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles, and (d) a fatty acid of the structure R?(C?O)?OH, wherein R is alkyl or alkylene having between about 10 to 24 carbon atoms, in combination with ammonia or urea in an anhydrous state or as an aqueous solution; wherein components a, b, c, and d as the additive when combined with mixing with the combustible liquid fuel form a clear, stable microemulsion fuel composition having a viscosity within 10% of the original viscosity of the combustible liquid fuel, and wherein the ratio of the combustible liquid fuel to additive ranges from about 50:50 to 99:1 by volume, with the proviso that water is present in the composition sufficient to form the microemulsion and with the proviso that ethylene oxide condensation and ethylene oxide esterification products formed with 1) an alkyl phenol, 2) a fatty acid, or 3) a fatty alcohol where the ethylene oxide add-on is 5 or more moles, 4) a polyol or 5) a polyol and long-chain fatty acid are completely eliminated.2. The combustible fuel composition of claim 1 where the ratio of combustible liquid fuel to additive is between about 65:35 to 80:20.3. The combustible fuel composition of claim 1 where the ratio of combustible liquid fuel to additive is between about 80:20 to 90:10.4. The combustible fuel composition of claim 1 whercin:in subpart (a) the alcohol is ethanol having between 0.5%-25% water by volume of ethanol; and in subpart (b) one or more alcohols is selected from the group consisting of: (b)(i) straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms, (b)(ii) straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 6 and 12 carbon atoms, and in subpart (c) the ethylene oxide condensation product is of the formula: R′2?(OCH2CH2)n1OH wherein R′2 is a long-chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and n1 is an integer from 1 to 4; andin subpart (d) the ammonia or urea is present sufficient to neutralize 40-80% of the fatty acid and completely eliminated are the following compounds: the ethylene oxide condensation or esterification product formed with (i) an alkyl phenol of the formula: where R′1 is a alkyl chain having up to 8 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 5 to 20; (ii) a fatty acid of the formula: (iii) a fatty alcohol of the formula: R′2?(OCH2CH2)nOH wherein R′2 is a long-chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and a is an integer from 5 to 30; (iv) a polyol having the formula: wherein R′3 is a long-chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to 4; or (v) a polyol and long-chain fatty acid having the formula: wherein R′3 has the meaning given above, n1 is an integer from 5 to 30 and n2 is an integer from 1 to 4. 5. The combustible fuel composition of claim 1 wherein:in subpart (b) the alcohol of (b)(i) is selected from straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms, (b)(ii) is excluded, and subpart (c) is selected from ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles. 6. The combustible fuel composition of claim 1wherein in subpart (b) the alcohol (b)(i) is excluded, (b)(ii) is selected from straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 6 and 12 carbon atoms, and subpart (c) is selected from ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles. 7. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of combustible liquid fuel to additive is between about 80:20 to 90:10.8. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the combustible fuel is diesel fuel.9. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 8 wherein the ratio of diesel fuel to additive is between about 65:35 to 90:10.10. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the combustible fuel is kerosene.11. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 10 wherein the ratio of kerosene to additive is between about 65:35 to 90:10.12. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the combustible fuel is heating oil.13. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 12 wherein the ratio of heating oil to additive is between about 65:35 to 90:10.14. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the combustible fuel is a distilled liquid vegetable oil derived from renewable resources.15. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 14 wherein the distilled liquid fuel is derived from soybeans, safflower, sunflower, linseed, cottonseed, corn, rapeseed, or tall oil.16. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 14 wherein the ratio of distilled liquid derived from renewable resources to additive is between about 65:35 to 90:10.17. The combustible fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein the combustible fuel is coal slurry.18. The combustible fuel according to claim 17 wherein the ratio of coal slurry to additive is between about 65:35 to 90:10.19. A combustible fuel composition of combustible liquid fret selected from diesel fuel, kerosene, heating oil, coal slurry oil and distilled vegetable oil and an additive as a clear microemulsion with water present wherein said additive comprises:(a) ethanol having between 0.5 and 10% water by volume of ethanol; (b) one or more alcohols selected from the group consisting of: (i) straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms, and (ii) straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 6 and 12 carbon atoms; (c) ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles; (d) a fatty acid of the structure R?(C?O)?OH, wherein R is alkyl or alkylene having between about 10 to 24 carbon atoms, in combination with ammonia or urea in an anhydrous state or as an aqueous solution and the ammonia or urea is present sufficient to neutralize about 40-80% of the fatty acid; wherein components a, b, c, and d as the additive when combined with mixing with the combustible liquid fuel form a clear, stable microemulsion fuel composition having a viscosity within 10% of the original viscosity of the combustible liquid fuel, and wherein the ratio of the combustible liquid fuel to additive ranges from about 50:50 to 99:1 by volume, with the proviso that water is present in the composition sufficient to form the microemulsion and with the proviso that ethylene oxide condensation and ethylene oxide esterification products formed with 1) an alkyl phenol, 2) a fatty acid, or 3) a fatty alcohol where the ethylene oxide add-on is 5 or more moles 4) a polyol or 5) a polyol and long-chain fatty acid are completely eliminated.20. The combustible fuel composition of claim 19 wherein;in subpart (b) the alcohol (b)(i) is selected from straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms (b)(ii) is excluded, and subpart (c) is ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles. 21. The combustible fuel composition of claim 19 wherein in subpart (b) the alcohol (b)(i) is excluded,(b)(ii) is selected from straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 6 and 12 carbon atoms, and subpart (c) is selected from ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles. 22. The combustible fuel composition of claim 19 where the ratio of combustible liquid fuel to additive is between about 65:35 to 80:20.23. The combustible fuel composition of claim 19 where the ratio of combustible liquid fuel to additive is between about 80:20 to 90:10.24. A combustible fuel composition of combustible liquid fuel selected from diesel fuel, kerosene, heating oil, coal slurry oil and distilled vegetable oil and an additive as a clear microemulsion with water present wherein said additive comprises:(a) ethanol having between 5 and 10% water by volume of ethanol; (b) one or more alcohols selected form the group consisting of: (i) straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms, and (ii) straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 6 and 12 carbon atoms; (c) ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles. (d) a fatty acid of the structure R?(C?O)?OH, wherein R is alkyl or alkylene having between about 10 to 24 carbon atoms, in combination with ammonia or urea in an anhydrous state or as an aqueous solution and the ammonia or urea is present sufficient to neutralize about 40-80% of the fatty acid; wherein components a, b, c, and d, as the additive when combined with mixing with combustible liquid fuel form a clear, stable micro emulsion fuel composition having a viscosity with 10% of the original viscosity of the combustible liquid fuel, and wherein the ratio of the combustible liquid fuel to additive ranges from about 50:50 to 99:1 by volume, with the proviso that water is present in the composition sufficient to form the microemulsion and with the proviso that ethylene oxide condensation and ethylene oxide esterification products formed with 1) an alkyl phenol, 2) a fatty acid, 3) a fatty alcohol where the ethylene oxide add-on is 5 or more moles, 4) a polyol or 5) a polyol and long-chain fatty acid are completely eliminated.25. The combustible fuel composition of claim 24 wherein;in subpart (b) the alcohol of (b)(i) is straight or branched-chain alcohols having between 3 and 5 carbon atoms, (b)(ii) is excluded, and (c) is ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles. 26. The combustible fuel composition of claim 24wherein in subpart (b) the alcohol (b)(i) is excluded, (b)(ii) is selected from straight- or branched-chain alcohols having between 6 and 12 carbon atoms, and subpart (c) is selected from ethoxylated alcohols having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms, where the ethylene oxide add-on is less than 5 moles. 27. The combustible fuel composition of claim 24 where the combustible fuel is diesel fuel and the ratio of diesel fuel to additive is between about 65:35 to 80:20.