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High pressure cylinders comprising backing steel cylinders and tool steel liners are disclosed. An annealed tool steel liner is inserted into the backing steel cylinder, followed by heat treating to harden the tool steel liner. The tool steel liner may be provided as a single continuous tube, thereb

High pressure cylinders comprising backing steel cylinders and tool steel liners are disclosed. An annealed tool steel liner is inserted into the backing steel cylinder, followed by heat treating to harden the tool steel liner. The tool steel liner may be provided as a single continuous tube, thereby avoiding problems associated with segmented liners. The high-pressure cylinders are suitable for use as plastic and rubber extruders injection molding cylinders and the like.

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1. A method of lining a backing steel cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the

1. A method of lining a backing steel cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; and heat treating the tool steel liner material and backing steel cylinder to harden the tool steel liner material by forming martensite. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material comprises high-speed tool steel, hot-worked tool steel, high carbon cold-worked tool steel, air-hardening cold-worked tool steel, oil-hardening tool steel, shock-resisting tool steel and/or water-hardening tool steel.3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material comprises at least one tool steel selected from AISI A11, AISI D2, 20CV consisting essentially of 1.9 weight percent C, 0.3 weight percent Mn, 0.3 weight percent Si, 20 weight percent Cr, 1 weight percent Mo, 0.6 weight percent W, 4 weight percent V and the balance Fe, and CSM420 consisting essentially of 0.15 weight percent max C, 1 weight percent Mn, 1 weight percent Si, 12-14 weight percent Cr, 0.04 weight percent P. 0.03 weight percent S and the balance Fe.4. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material comprises AISI A11 tool steel.5. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder comprises microalloy steel, high strength low allow steel, low carbon steel and/or austenitic stainless steel.6. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder comprises microalloy steel.7. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder comprises AISI 316 stainless steel.8. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material is inserted into the backing steel cylinder as a solid bar.9. The method of claim 8, wherein the solid bar has a circular cross section.10. The method of claim 8, further comprising machining a bore in the solid bar.11. The method of claim 10, wherein the backing steel cylinder is heated to an elevated temperature of at least 300° C. before the solid bar is inserted.12. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material is inserted into the backing steel as a tube.13. The method of claim 12, wherein the tube has a wall thickness of from about 3 to about 30 mm.14. The method of claim 12, wherein the tube has a wall thickness of from about 5 to about 10 mm.15. The method of claim 12, wherein the tube has a wall thickness of about 6 mm.16. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder has a wall thickness of at least 20 mm.17. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder has a wall thickness of from about 25 to about 100 mm.18. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder has a wall thickness of about 50 mm.19. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder has an inner diameter of from about 15 to about 380 mm.20. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder has an inner diameter of from about 20 to about 90 mm.21. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material has an outer diameter of from about 12 to about 380 m.22. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material has an outer diameter of from about 18 to about 90 mm.23. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material has an outer diameter that is greater than or equal to an inner diameter of the backing steel cylinder when the tool steel liner material is inserted into the backing steel cylinder.24. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material has an outer diameter that is from about 0.05 to about 0.2 percent greater than an inner diameter of the backing steel cylinder when the tool steel liner material is inserted into the backing steel cylinder.25. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material has an outer diameter that is within 0.1 percent of an inner diameter of the backing steel cylinder when the tool steel liner material is inserted into the backing steel cylinder.26. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material and backing steel cylinder have lengths of from about 0.25 to about 8 m.27. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool steel liner material and the backing steel cylinder have lengths of from about 0.6 to about 2 m.28. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder is heated to an elevated temperature before the tool steel liner material is inserted.29. The method of claim 28, wherein the elevated temperature is from about 300 to about 550° C.30. The method of claim 28, wherein the elevated temperature is from about 300 to about 350° C.31. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating step is performed at a temperature above about 1,000° C.32. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating step is performed at a temperature of from about 1,180 to about 1,250° C.33. The method of claim 1, wherein the backing steel cylinder and tool steel liner material are rotated around a longitudinal axis of the cylinder during the heat treating step.34. The method of claim 1, further comprising quenching the backing steel cylinder after the heat treating step.35. The method of claim 34, wherein the backing steel cylinder is quenched by applying liquid on the outside of the backing steel cylinder.36. The method of claim 35, wherein liquid is applied until the outside of the backing steel cylinder is reduced to a temperature below about 480° C.37. The method of claim 35, wherein the quenching liquid is water and is applied by spraying.38. The method of claim 34, wherein the backing steel cylinder and tool steel liner material are rotated around a longitudinal axis of the cylinder during the quenching step.39. The method of claim 34, further comprising air cooling the backing steel cylinder after the quenching step.40. A method of lining a backing cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; and heat treating the tool steel liner and backing steel cylinder, wherein the tool steel liner comprises at least one tool steel selected from AISI A11, AISI D2, 20 CV consisting essentially of 1.9 weight percent C, 0.3 weight percent Mn, 0.3 weight percent Si, 20 weight percent Cr, 1 weight percent Mo, 0.6 weight percent W, 4 weight percent V and the balance Fe, and CSM420 consisting essentially of 0.15 weight percent max C, 1 weight percent Mn, 1 weight percent Si, 12-14 weight percent Cr, 0.04 weight percent P, 0.03 weight percent S and the balance Fe. 41. A method of lining a backing cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; and heat treating the tool steel liner and backing steel cylinder, wherein the tool steel liner comprises AISI A11 tool steel. 42. A method of lining a backing under of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; and heat treating the tool steel liner and backing steel cylinder, wherein the backing steel cylinder comprises microalloy steel. 43. A method of lining a backing cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; and heat treating the tool steel liner and backing steel cylinder, wherein the backing steel cylinder comprises AISI 316 stainless steel. 44. A method of lining a backing cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; and heat treating the tool steel liner and backing steel cylinder, wherein the backing steel cylinder is heated to an elevated temperature of from about 300 to about 550° C. before the tool steel liner is inserted. 45. A method of lining a backing cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; and heat treating the tool steel liner and backing steel cylinder, wherein the heat treating step is performed at a temperature above about 1,000° C. 46. A method of lining a backing cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; and heat treating the tool steel liner and backing steel cylinder, wherein the backing steel cylinder and tool steel liner are rotated around a longitudinal axis of the cylinder during the heat treating. 47. A method of lining a backing cylinder of a high pressure cylinder, the method comprising:inserting an annealed tool steel liner material in the form of a bar or tube into the backing steel cylinder, wherein the bar or tube has a length that is substantially coextensive with a length of the backing steel cylinder; heat treating the tool steel liner and backing steel cylinder; and quenching the backing steel cylinder after the heat treating step.