Apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gasses through electrolysis
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
C25B-009/00
C25B-013/00
출원번호
US-0314987
(2002-12-10)
발명자
/ 주소
Sullivan, John T.
대리인 / 주소
Diller, Ramik &
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
9인용 특허 :
7
초록▼
An electrolysis conversion system for converting liquid to gas, such as water into hydrogen and oxygen, includes a housing in which are housed encapsulated and non-encapsulated electrodes in any one of side-by-side, rolled or folded relationship. The electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte, water
An electrolysis conversion system for converting liquid to gas, such as water into hydrogen and oxygen, includes a housing in which are housed encapsulated and non-encapsulated electrodes in any one of side-by-side, rolled or folded relationship. The electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte, water or the like and are appropriately electrically connected to positive and negative sides of an energy source. The encapsulation material of the encapsulated electrodes can be substantially conductive or non-conductive to either ion flow or electron flow and either substantially non-porous or porous to gas bubbles with the option of utilizing spacers to prevent arcing and thereby generate hydrogen and oxygen from the water/electrolyte. The encapsulating media is either a folded flexible sheet heat sealed along three edges, two sheets heat sealed along four edges, a tube heat sealed along opposite axial edges or a coating dip-coated, electro-deposited, silk screen coated or similarly applied to the electrode which is preferably porous and can either be rigid or relatively bendable/flexible.
대표청구항▼
1. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one of a cathode and an anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at leas
1. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one of a cathode and an anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode; and said encapsulating means being one of substantially conductive to ions and conductive to electrons and substantially non-porous to gas bubbles whereby ion or electron conduction between said at least one cathode and said at least one anode generates gas bubbles of a first gas and gas bubbles of a second gas within said respective chamber and encapsulating means.2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially parallel relationship to each other.3. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube.4. The apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous material.5. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube having an end portion within said at least one cathode and one anode.6. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially rolled relationship to each other.7. The apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube.8. The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous material.9. The apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube having an end portion within said at least one cathode and one anode.10. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially spiral relationship to each other.11. The apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube.12. The apparatus as defined in claim 11 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous material.13. The apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube having an end portion within said at least one cathode and one anode.14. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially folded relationship to each other.15. The apparatus as defined in claim 14 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube.16. The apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous material.17. The apparatus as defined in claim 14 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube having an end portion within said at least one cathode and one anode.18. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially end-folded side-by-side parallel relationship to each other.19. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially parallel folded relationship to each other.20. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means is an envelope.21. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means is a tube.22. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means is an envelope sealed along at least one edge.23. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means is an envelope folded to define at least one edge.24. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means is an envelope folded to define at least one edge and sealed along at least one further edge.25. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means is an envelope folded to define at least one edge and sealed along all remaining edges.26. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means is a sheet of substantially flexible material folded along one edge and sealed along all remaining edges.27. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means are two sheets of substantially flexible material sealed along adjacent peripheral edges.28. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous material.29. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered material.30. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous metallic material.31. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material.32. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube.33. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube having an end portion within said at least one cathode and one anode.34. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube having a perforated end portion within said at least one cathode and one anode.35. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said encapsulating means is a coating upon an exterior surface of said at least one cathode and one anode.36. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one cathode and one anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode; said encapsulating means being one of substantially conductive to ions and conductive to electrons and substantially impervious to gas bubbles whereby ion or electron conduction between said at least one cathode and said at least one anode generates gas bubbles of a first gas and gas bubbles of a second gas within said respective chamber and encapsulating means, and means for preventing electrical arcing across a space between an exterior of said encapsulating means and the at least one cathode and one anode outside and intimately adjacent said encapsulating means.37. The apparatus as defined in claim 36 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially parallel relationship to each other.38. The apparatus as defined in claim 36 wherein said encapsulating means is an envelope.39. The apparatus as defined in claim 36 wherein said encapsulating means is a sheet of substantially flexible material folded along one edge and sealed along all remaining edges.40. The apparatus as defined in claim 36 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous material.41. The apparatus as defined in claim 36 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube.42. The apparatus as defined in claim 36 wherein said at least one cathode and anode in said chamber includes porous sintered metallic material, and said conducting means is a tube having an end portion within said at least one cathode and one anode.43. The apparatus as defined in claim 36 wherein said encapsulating means is a coating upon an exterior surface of said at least one cathode and one anode.44. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one cathode and one anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode; and said encapsulating means being substantially electro-chemically conductive to ions and substantially non-porous to gas bubbles whereby gasses are transmitted through long ionic chains through said encapsulating means for generating gas bubbles of a first gas and gas bubbles of a second gas within said respective chamber and encapsulating means.45. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially parallel relationship to each other.46. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially rolled relationship to each other.47. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially spiral relationship to each other.48. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially folded relationship to each other.49. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially end-folded side-by-side parallel relationship to each other.50. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said encapsulating means are in substantially parallel folded relationship to each other.51. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said encapsulating means is an envelope.52. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said encapsulating means is a tube.53. The apparatus as defined in claim 44 wherein said encapsulating means is an envelope sealed along at least one edge.54. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one of a cathode and an anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode; said encapsulating means being one of substantially conductive to ions and conductive to electrons and substantially non-porous to gas bubbles whereby ion electron conduction between said at least one cathode and said at least one anode generate gas bubbles of a first gas and gas bubbles of a second gas within said respective chamber and encapsulating means, and said encapsulated one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode is an electrode having an exterior surface in substantially spaced relationship to said encapsulating means.55. The apparatus as defined in claim 54 including a catalyst upon said exterior surface.56. The apparatus as defined in claim 55 wherein said electrode is substantially tubular.57. The apparatus as defined in claim 55 including another catalyst exterior of aid encapsulating means.58. The apparatus as defined in claim 57 wherein said chamber defining means carries another catalyst in spaced relationship to said encapsulating means.59. The apparatus as defined in claim 58 wherein said encapsulating means is a flexible envelope.60. The apparatus as defined in claim 57 wherein said chamber defining means defines a housing having an interior surface, and another catalyst upon said interior surface.61. The apparatus as defined in claim 60 wherein said encapsulating means is a flexible envelope.62. The apparatus as defined in claim 55 wherein said chamber defining means carries another catalyst in spaced relationship to said encapsulating means.63. The apparatus as defined in claim 55 wherein said chamber defining means defines a housing having an interior surface, and another catalyst upon said interior surface.64. The apparatus as defined in claim 54 wherein said electrode is substantially tubular.65. The apparatus as defined in claim 54 wherein said electrode is substantially cylindrical.66. The apparatus as defined in claim 54 including another catalyst exterior of aid encapsulating means.67. The apparatus as defined in claim 54 wherein said chamber defining means carries another catalyst in spaced relationship to said encapsulating means.68. The apparatus as defined in claim 54 wherein said chamber defining means defines a housing having an interior surface, and another catalyst upon said interior surface.69. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one of a cathode and an anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode; and said encapsulating means being substantially conductive to ions and substantially non-porous to gas bubbles whereby ion exchange between said at least one cathode and said at least one anode generate gas bubbles of a first gas and gas bubbles of a second gas within said respective chamber and encapsulating means, and magnetic means for augmenting the exchange of ions between said cathode and anode.70. The apparatus as defined in claim 69 wherein said magnetic means are at least one of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.71. The apparatus as defined in claim 69 wherein said magnetic means generate a magnetic field whose direction is additive to the predetermined direction of ion exchange between said at least one cathode and anode.72. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one of a cathode and an anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode; said encapsulating means being one of substantially conductive to ions and conductive to electrons and substantially non-porous to gas bubbles whereby ion or electron conduction flowing between said at least one cathode and said at least one anode generates gas bubbles of a first gas and gas bubbles of a second gas within said respective chamber and encapsulating means, and means along an exterior surface of at least one of said cathode and anode for facilitating the release of generated gas bubbles.73. The apparatus as defined in claim 72 wherein said exterior surface means is a roughened exterior surface.74. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one of a cathode and an anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode; said encapsulating means being of a substantially conductive to ions and conductive to electrons and substantially non-porous to gas bubbles whereby ion or electron conduction between said at least one cathode and said at least one anode generates gas bubbles of a first gas and gas bubbles of a second gas within said respective chamber and encapsulating means, and means for supporting said housing for universal movement whereby gas bubbles will flow substantially vertically upwardly irrespective of the disposition of said housing.75. An apparatus for converting a fluid into at least two gases through electrolysis comprising means for defining a chamber adapted to house fluid, at least one of a cathode and an anode in said chamber, means for substantially entirely encapsulating one of said at least one cathode and said at least one anode; said encapsulating means being, one of substantially conductive to ions and conductive to electrons and substantially non-porous to gas bubbles whereby ion or electron conduction between said at least one cathode and said at least one anode generates gas bubbles of a first gas and gas bubbles of a second gas within said respective chamber and encapsulating means, and first and second conducting means for conducting gas from said respective first-mentioned and second-mentioned encapsulating means.76. The apparatus as defined in claim 75 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said first-mentioned and second-mentioned encapsulating means are in substantially parallel relationship to each other.77. The apparatus as defined in claim 75 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said first-mentioned and second-mentioned encapsulating means are in substantially rolled relationship to each other.78. The apparatus as defined in claim 75 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said first-metnioned and second-mentioned encapsulating means are in substantially spiral relationship to each other.79. The apparatus as defined in claim 75 wherein said at least one anode, said at least one cathode and said first-mentioned and second-mentioned means are in substantially folded relationship to each other.80. The apparatus as defined in claim 75 wherein said first-mentioned and second-mentioned encapsulating means are each an envelope.
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