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Compositions comprising a fluoropolymer having interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer and a catalyst composition are provided. The catalyst composition includes a compound having the general formula:{RA}(?){QR′k}(+)or the precursors thereof, wherein R is a nonflu

Compositions comprising a fluoropolymer having interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer and a catalyst composition are provided. The catalyst composition includes a compound having the general formula:{RA}(?){QR′k}(+)or the precursors thereof, wherein R is a nonfluorinated, partially fluorinated, or perfluorinated alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or aralkyl, A is an acid- or acid-derivative anion, Q is phosphorous, sulfur, nitrogen, arsenic, or antimony, and each R′ is hydrogen or an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkenyl group, k is the valence of Q; and optionally (c) an alcohol of the formula R2?OH, wherein R2 is an alkyl group which can be fluorinated.Also provided are a method of making a fluoropolymer, a method of increasing induction time, and fluoropolymer articles containing curable or cured fluoropolymer compositions.

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1. A composition comprising:(a) a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer; (b) a catalyst composition that includes a compound having the general formula: {R(A)n}(?n){QR′k(+)}n or the precursors thereof added separately or as a mixture; wh

1. A composition comprising:(a) a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer; (b) a catalyst composition that includes a compound having the general formula: {R(A)n}(?n){QR′k(+)}n or the precursors thereof added separately or as a mixture; wherein R is a C1-C20 alkyl or alkenyl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, or C6-C20 aryl or aralkyl, which may be nonfluorinated, partially fluorinated, or perfluorinated, {R(A)n}(?n) is an acid anion or an acid derivative anion, n is the number of A groups in the anion, Q is phosphorous, sulfur, nitrogen, arsenic, or antimony, each R′ is, independently, hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkenyl group, provided that when Q is nitrogen and the only fluoropolymer in the composition consists essentially of a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, a perfluorovinylether, and a perfluorovinylether cure site monomer comprising a nitrile group not every R′ is H, and k is one greater than the valence of Q; and optionally (c) an alcohol of the general formula R2?OH, wherein R2 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and wherein R2 is optionally fluorinated. 2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: COO, O when R is aryl or alkylaryl, SO3, SO2, SO2NH, PO3, CF3CF(CF3)CH2O, CnF2n+1CH2O wherein n is 0 to 100, CH2OPO3, (CH2O)2PO2, C6H4O, OSO3, and wherein R′ is as defined in claim 1.3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein a precursor of R(A)n has the general formula selected from the group consisting of RCOOM, ROSO3M, RSO3M, and ROM, wherein M is hydrogen, or an alkali or alkaline earth metal.4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein R(A)n is selected from the formula (R″)x-Phy-{(CH2)n-D}m wherein each R″ is the same or different C1-C10 alkenyl or alkyl, x is 0 to 5, y is 0 or 1, n is 0 to 10, m is 1 to 5, and D is selected from COO, OSO3, SO3, and O (when y is 1), provided that the sum of x and m is 6 or less and provided that x and y are not both zero; RCOO wherein R is alkenyl, an alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl of 6 to 20 carbon atoms; (?)OOC?(CX2)t?COO(?) wherein t is 0 to 10, X=H, F, or Cl; and Ph-((CH2)p?COO(?))q wherein p and q are independently 1 to 4; CF3CF(CF3)CH2O or CdF2d+1CH2O wherein d is 0 to 100; and blends of two or more such compounds.5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein R(A)n is selected from the general formula (?)Oz-Ph-Gy-Ph-Oz(?) wherein G is a bond or a difunctional aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or C1-C13 aromatic radical, or a thio, oxy, carbonyl, sulfinyl, or sulfonyl radical, G and/or Ph are optionally substituted with at least one Cl or F atom, y is 0 or 1, each z is, independently, 1 or 2, and any aromatic ring of the polyoxy compound is optionally substituted with at least one atom of Cl, F, or Br atom, or carboxyl, or an acyl radical, or an alkyl radical; and blends of two or more such compounds.6. A composition according to claim 1 wherein R(A)n is selected from the general formula (?)O-Ph-C(CX3)2-Ph-O(?), wherein X is H, Cl, or F; and blends of two or more such compounds.7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein a precursor of QR′k is selected from the group consisting of tetramethylphosphoniums, tributylallylphosphoniums, tributylbenzylphosphoniums, dibutyldiphenylphosphoniums, tetrabutylphosphonium, tributyl(2-methoxy) propylphosphoniums, triphenylbenzylphosphoniums, and tetraphenylphosphoniums.8. A composition according to claim 1 wherein a precursor of QR′k is selected from the group consisting of phenyltrimethylammoniums, tetrapentylammoniums, tetrapropylammoniums, tetrahexylammoniums, tetraheptylammoniums, tetramethylammoniums, tetrabutylammoniums, tributylbenzyl ammoniums, tributylallylammoniums, tetrabenzylammoniums, tetraphenylammoniums, diphenyl diethylamino ammoniums, triphenylbenzylammoniums, 8-benzyl-1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-eniums, benzyltris(dimethylamino) phosphoniums, and bis(benzyldiphenyl phosphine)iminiums.9. A composition of claim 1 wherein the catalyst composition is prepared in situ.10. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst composition is prepared from components dissolved in a solvent.11. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the fluoropolymer comprises interpolymerized units derived from (i) tetrafluoroethylene, and optionally (ii) one or more perfluorovinyl ethers of the formula: CF2?CFO(R2fO)a (R3fO)bR4f wherein R2f and R3f are the same or are different linear or branched perfluoroalkylene groups of 1-6 carbon atoms; a and b are, independently, 0 or an integer from 1 to 10; and R4f is a perfluoroalkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms.12. A composition according to claim 11 wherein the fluoropolymer further comprises interpolymerized units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of perfluoroolefins, partially-fluorinated olefins, non-flourinated olefins, vinylidene fluoride, and combinations thereof.13. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said cure site monomer is selected from a fluorinated olefin and a nitrile-containing monomer.14. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said cure site monomer is a nitrile-containing monomer having the formula CF2?CFO(CF2)LCN; CF2?CFO(CF2)uOCF(CF3)CN; CF2?CFO[CF2CF(CF3)O]q(CF2O)yCF(CF3)CN; or CF2?CF[OCF2CF(CF3)]rO(CF2)tCN;wherein L=2-12; q=0-4; r=1-2; y=0-6; t=1-4, and u=2-6; and perfluoro(8-cyano-5-methyl-3,6-dioxa-1-octene).15. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising a filler selected from fluoropolymer filler, carbon black, and combinations thereof.16. The composition of claim 1 wherein the fluoropolymer is selected from a fluoroelastomer and a fluoroplastic.17. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has an induction time below about 15 minutes at a temperature of about 175° C.18. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a scorch resistance greater than the scorch resistance of a comparative composition tested at the same temperature, which comparative composition has the same fluoropolymer composition of claim 1 but with a urotropin curative.19. The composition of claim 1 further comprising an additional curative material.20. The composition of claim 19 wherein the additional curative material is selected from ammonia-generating compounds, substituted triazine derivatives, unsubstituted triazine derivatives, peroxides, bis-aminophenols, bis-amidooximes, and organotin compounds.21. A shaped article comprising the fluoropolymer composition of claim 1.22. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a fluoropolymer containing interpolymerized units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of perfluoroolefins, partially-fluorinated olefins, non-fluorinated olefins, vinylidene fluoride, perfluorovinyl ethers, and combinations thereof.23. The composition according to claim 22 comprising a curative that increases MDR torque in the fluoropolymer composition at 177° C. by at least about 0.01 Nm.24. The composition of claim 22 further comprising a curative material selected from ammonium salts, ammonia-generating compounds, substituted triazine derivatives, unsubstituted triazine derivatives, peroxides, bis-aminophenols, bis-amidooximes, and organotin compounds; and optionally a coagent.25. The composition of claim 24 wherein the coagent is selected from triallyl cyanurate; triallyl isocyanurate; tri(methylallyl) isocyanurate; tris(diallylamine)-s-triazine; triallyl phosphite; N,N-diallyl acrylamide, hexaallyl phosphoramide; N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkyl tetraphthalamide; N,N,N′,N′-tetraallyl malonamide; trivinyl isocyanurate; 2,4,6-trivinyl methyltrisiloxane; and tri(5-norbornene-2-methylene)cyanurate.26. The composition of claim 24 wherein the additional fluoropolymer includes interpolymerized units containing a halogen that is capable of participation in a peroxide cure reaction and wherein the additional curative is a peroxide, and optionally further comprising a triallyl cyanurate coagent.27. A shaped article comprising the fluoropolymer composition of claim 22.28. The composition of claim 1 wherein R(A)n is selected from the formula (?)CF3(CF2)mCOO(?) wherein n is 1, 2, or 6, and wherein QR′k is selected from tetrabutylphosphonium and tributyl(2-methoxy)propylphosphonium.29. The composition of claim 1 wherein R(A)n is selected from the formula (?)OOC(CF2)nCOO(?) wherein p is 2 or 4, and wherein QR′k is selected from tetrabutylphosphonium and tributyl(2-methoxy)propylphosphonium.30. The composition of claim 1 wherein R(A)n is selected from acetate and benzoate, and wherein QR′k is selected from tetrabutylphosphonium and tributyl(2-methoxy)propylphosphonium.31. A method of making a fluoropolylmer composition comprising the steps of:a) forming a mixture comprising a fluoropolymer having interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer, a catalyst composition comprising a compound having the formula: {R(A)n}(?n){QR′k(+)}n or the precursors thereof added separately or as a mixture, wherein R is a C1-C20 alkyl or alkenyl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, or C6-C20 aryl or alkylaryl, A is an acid anion or an acid derivative anion group, which may be heterocyclic, Q is P, S, N, As, or Sb, and each R′ is, independently, hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkenyl group, provided that when Q is nitrogen and the only fluoropolymer in the composition consists essentially of a terpolymer of TFE, a perfluorovinylether and a perfluorovinylether cure site monomer comprising a nitrile group not every R′ is H, and k is one greater than the valence of Q, and optionally in the presence of an alcohol of the general formula R2?OH, wherein R2 is a C6-C20 alkyl group; b) shaping the mixture; c) curing the shaped mixture; and optionally d) heat aging the cured mixture. 32. A method according to claim 31 wherein the catalyst is added in a form selected from a compound and a mixture of catalyst precursors.33. A method according to claim 31 wherein individual components of the catalyst are separately added to the fluoropolymer composition.34. A method according to claim 31 wherein the step of curing further comprises press-curing and optionally post-curing.35. A method for increasing the induction period in a curable fluoropolymer composition comprising the steps of:a) providing a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer; and b) incorporating, into the fluoropolymer, a catalyst composition that includes a compound having the general formula: {R(A)n}(?n){QR′k(+)}n or the precursors thereof added separately or as a mixture, wherein R is a C1-C20 alkyl or alkenyl, a C3-C20 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl or a C6-C20 aryl or alkylaryl; A is an acid anion or an acid derivative anion; Q is P, S, N, As, or Sb; each R′ is, independently, hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkenyl group, provided that when Q is N and the only fluoropolymer in the composition consists essentially of a terpolymer of TFE, a perfluorovinylether, and a perfluorovinylether cure site monomer comprising a nitrile group not every R′ is H; and k is one greater than the valence of Q. 36. The method of claim 35 further comprising the step of incorporating an alcohol of the general formula R2?OH, wherein R2 is a C1-C20 alkyl group, and wherein R2 can be fluorinated.37. The method of claim 35 further comprising the step of:c) shaping the composition. 38. The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of:d) curing the shaped composition; and optionally e) heat aging the cured composition. 39. The method of claim 38 wherein the step of curing includes press-curing, and optionally post-curing.