IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0309251
(2002-12-04)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Ochs, Thomas L.
- O'Connor, William K.
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출원인 / 주소 |
- The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of Energy
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
28 인용 특허 :
19 |
초록
▼
A method of remediating and recovering energy from combustion products from a fossil fuel power plant having at least one fossil fuel combustion chamber, at least one compressor, at least one turbine, at least one heat exchanger and a source of oxygen. Combustion products including non-condensable g
A method of remediating and recovering energy from combustion products from a fossil fuel power plant having at least one fossil fuel combustion chamber, at least one compressor, at least one turbine, at least one heat exchanger and a source of oxygen. Combustion products including non-condensable gases such as oxygen and nitrogen and condensable vapors such as water vapor and acid gases such as SOX and NOX and CO2 and pollutants are produced and energy is recovered during the remediation which recycles combustion products and adds oxygen to support combustion. The temperature and/or pressure of the combustion products are changed by cooling through heat exchange with thermodynamic working fluids in the power generation cycle and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding the combustion products to a temperature/pressure combination below the dew point of at least some of the condensable vapors to condense liquid having some acid gases dissolved and/or entrained and/or directly condense acid gas vapors from the combustion products and to entrain and/or dissolve some of the pollutants while recovering sensible and/or latent heat from the combustion products through heat exchange between the combustion products and thermodynamic working fluids and/or cooling fluids used in the power generating cycle. Then the CO2, SO2, and H2O poor and oxygen enriched remediation stream is sent to an exhaust and/or an air separation unit and/or a turbine.
대표청구항
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1. A method of remediating and recovering energy from combustion products from a fossil fuel power plant having at least one fossil fuel combustion chamber, at least one compressor, at least one turbine, at least one heat exchanger, and a source of oxygen, said power plant producing combustion produ
1. A method of remediating and recovering energy from combustion products from a fossil fuel power plant having at least one fossil fuel combustion chamber, at least one compressor, at least one turbine, at least one heat exchanger, and a source of oxygen, said power plant producing combustion products including non-condensable gases including oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and condensable vapors including water vapor and acid gases including SOX and NOX and CO2 and pollutants and recovering energy during the remediation and which recycles the combustion products and adds oxygen to support combustion, comprising:changing the temperature/pressure relationship of the combustion products by cooling, through heat exchange with thermodynamic working fluids in the power generation cycle and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding the combustion products to a temperature/pressure relationship below the dew point of at least some of the condensable vapors to condense liquid having some acid gases dissolved therein from the combustion products and to dissolve some of the pollutants therein thereby partially to remediate the combustion products while recovering heat from the combustion products through heat exchange between the combustion products and thermodynamic working fluids and/or cooling fluids used in the power generating cycle, repeating one or more of cooling and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding with condensation and separation of condensable vapors and acid gases and recovery of heat through heat exchange, and condensation thereby reducing the energy required for continued compression, until the partially remediated stream is CO2, SOX, and H2O poor and oxygen enriched, and thereafter sending the CO2, SOX, and H2O poor and oxygen enriched partially remediated stream to an exhaust and/or and/or the turbine, whereby either or both of the energy of compression and the temperature of the expanded CO2, SOX, and H2O poor and oxygen enriched remediation stream is reduced, such that if the remediation stream is expanded through the turbine additional cooling condenses more of the remaining condensable gases and expansion captures additional energy, additional condensable vapors are condensed and/or energy required for separation is reduced, or the CO2 SOX and H2O poor and oxygen rich remediation stream is exhausted to the atmosphere. 2. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein not less than about 50% by volume of the combustion products are recycled to the combuster with sufficient added oxygen to maintain the volume of gas in the combuster substantially constant.3. The method set forth in claim 2, wherein the oxygen added to the recycled combustion gases is not less than 40% pure oxygen.4. The method set forth in claim 2, wherein the oxygen added to the recycled combustion gases is not less than 80% pure oxygen.5. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the source of oxygen is an air separation unit.6. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein a portion of the combustion products are removed and replaced with not less than about a stoichiometric amount of oxygen to support combustion of the combustion products.7. The method set forth in claim 2, wherein the added oxygen is preheated by heat exchange with combustion products.8. The method set forth in claim 7, wherein the combustion products used to preheat the added oxygen include the portion removed to be replaced by the added oxygen.9. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the thermodynamic working fluid is other than water.10. The method set forth in claim 9, wherein the thermodynamic working fluid is selected from the group consisting of hexane, ammonia, CO2 and a halogenated hydrocarbons.11. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the fossil fuel combustion chamber is a boiler.12. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the fossil fuel combustion chamber is a combustion turbine.13. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the power generation cycle is a steam turbine cycle.14. The method set forth in claim 13 wherein the fluid used to cool the flue gas is feedwater.15. The method set forth in claim 14 wherein the heat transferred is sensible heat.16. The method set forth in claim 14 wherein the heat transferred is latent heat.17. The method set forth in claim 14 wherein the heat transferred is both sensible and latent.18. The method set forth in claim 13, wherein the steam turbine cycle is a Rankine cycle.19. The method set forth in clam 13, wherein the steam turbine cycle is a regerative cycle.20. The method set forth in claim 13, wherein the steam turbine cycle is a reheat cycle.21. The method set forth in claim 13, wherein the working thermodynamic fluid is other than water.22. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the fossil fuel is coal and the pollutants include fine particulate matter and/or heavy metals.23. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the fossil fuel is oil and the pollutants include tine particulate matter and/or heavy metals.24. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the fossil fuel is natural gas.25. A method of remediating and recovering energy from combustion products from a fossil fuel power plant having at least one or more of a fossil fuel combustion chamber, at least one compressor, at least one turbine, at least one heat exchanger and, a source of oxygen, said power plant producing combustion products including non-condensable gases including oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and condensable vapors including water vapor and acid gases including SOX and NOX and CO2 and pollutants and recovering energy during the remediation and which recycles the combustion products and adds oxygen to support combustion, comprising:splitting the combustion products into a recycle stream and a remediation stream wherein the remediation stream is up to about 70% by volume of the combustion products and the recycle stream is up to about 90% by volume of the combustion products, adding sufficient oxygen to the recycle stream to support combustion and recycling the oxygenated recycle stream to the combustion chamber for combustion, changing the temperature/pressure relationship of the remediation stream by cooling, through heat exchange with thermodynamic working fluids in the power generating cycle and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding the remediation stream to a temperature/pressure combination relationship below the dew point of at least some of the condensable vapors to condense liquid having some add gases dissolved therein from the remediation stream and to dissolve some of the pollutants therein thereby partially to remediate the remediation stream while recovering heat from the remediation stream through heat exchange between the remediation stream and thermodynamic working fluids in the power generating cycle, repeating one or more of cooling and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding with condensation and separation of condensable vapors and acid gases and recovery of heat, and condensation, thereby reducing the energy required for continued compression, until the remediation stream is CO2 and H2O poor and oxygen enriched, and thereafter sending the CO2 and H2O poor and oxygen enriched remediation stream to one or more of an exhaust, and the turbine, whereby either or both of the energy of compression and the temperature of the expanded CO2 and H2O poor and oxygen enriched remediation stream is reduced, such that the remediation stream is expanded through the turbine, additional cooling condenses more of the remaining condensable gases, or the remediation stream is sent to an air separation unit additional condensable vapors are condensed and/or energy required for separation is reduced, or the CO2 and H2O poor and oxygen rich remediation stream is exhausted to the atmosphere. 26. The method set forth in claim 25, wherein the added oxygen is not less than about 40% and up to about 99.999% pure.27. The method set forth in clam 25, wherein not less than about a stoichiometric amount of oxygen is added to support combustion of the combustion products and is preheated by heat exchange with the combustion products.28. The method set forth in claim 25, wherein the thermodynamic working fluid is one or more of hexane, ammonia, CO2 or a halogenated hydrocarbon.29. The method set forth in claim 25 wherein the fossil fuel is coal and the pollutants include fine particulate matter and heavy metals.30. The method set forth in claim 25, wherein the remediation stream exhausted to the atmosphere is substantially free of CO2 and H2O.31. A method of remediating and recovering energy from flue gas combustion products from a fossil fuel power plant having a boiler and at least one compressor, at least one turbine, at least one heat exchanger and, an air separation unit as a source of oxygen, said boiler producing flue gas combustion products having non-condensable gases including oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and condensable vapors including water vapor and acid gases including SOX and NOX and CO2 and pollutants and recovering energy during the remediation and which recycles the combustion products and adds oxygen to support combustion, comprising:splitting the flue gas combustion products into a recycle stream and a remediation stream wherein the remediation stream is up to about 30% by volume of the flue gas combustion products and the recycle stream is up to about 90% by volume of the flue gas combustion products, adding sufficient oxygen to the recycle stream to support combustion and recycling the oxygenated recycle stream to the boiler for combustion, changing the temperature/pressure relationship of the remediation stream by cycles of cooling, through heat exchange with thermodynamic working fluids in the power generation cycle, and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding the remediation stream to a temperature/pressure combination relationship below the dew point of water vapor to condense liquid having some add gases dissolved therein from the remediation stream and to entrain some of the fine particulate matter therein thereby partially to remediate the remediation stream while recovering heat from the remediation stream through heat exchange between the remediation stream and thermodynamic working fluids in or after the power generating cycle, repeating one or more of the cooling and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding cycles with condensation and separation of water vapor and acid gases and recovery of latent and/or sensible heat until the remediation stream is CO2 and H2O poor and oxygen enriched, and thereafter sending the CO2 and H2O poor and oxygen enriched remediation stream to at least one air separation unit and a turbine, whereby either or both of the energy of compression and the temperature of the expanded CO2 and H2O poor and oxygen enriched remediation stream is reduced, such that when the remediation stream is expanded though the turbine, additional cooling condenses more of the remaining condensable gases and expansion captures additional energy, or if the remediation stream is sent to the air separation unit additional condensable vapors am condensed and/or energy required for separation is reduced, or the CO, SOX and H2O poor and oxygen rich remediation stream is exhausted to the atmosphere. 32. A method of remediating and recovering energy from flue gas combustion products from a fossil fuel power plant having a boiler and at least one compressor, at least one turbine, at least one heat exchanger and, a source of oxygen, said boiler producing flue gas combustion products having non-condensable gases including oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and condensable vapors including water vapor and acid gases including SOX and NOX and CO2 and pollutants and recovering energy during the remediation and which recycles the combustion products and adds oxygen to support combustion, comprising:splitting the flue gas combustion products into a recycle stream and a remediation stream wherein the remediation stream is up to about 30% by volume of the flue gas combustion products and the recycle stream is up to about 90% by volume of the flue gas combustion products, preheating an oxygen containing stream by passing the oxygen containing stream in heat exchange relationship with the flue gas combustion products or mixing the oxygen with the recycled flue gas stream, adding sufficient oxygen from the preheated oxygen containing stream to the recycle stream to support combustion and recycling the oxygenated recycle stream to the boiler for combustion, initially cooling the remediation stream, below the dew point of water vapor to condense not less than about 80 mole percent of the water vapor along with dissolved and/or entrained acid gases and particulate matter and heavy metals, thereafter changing the temperature and pressure of the remediation steam by one or more cycles of cooling and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding the remediation stream to a temperature/pressure combination below the dew point of water vapor to condense liquid having additional acid gases dissolved therein from the remediation stream and to entrain additional fine particulate matter therein repeating at least one cooling and/or compressing and/or heating and/or expanding cycles with condensation and separation of water vapor and acid gases and recovery of heat until the remediation stream is CO2, SOX and H2O poor and oxygen enriched, and thereafter sending the CO2, SOX and H2O poor and oxygen enriched remediation stream to at least one turbine, whereby either or both of the energy of compression and the temperature of the expanded CO2, SOX and H2O poor and oxygen enriched remediation stream is reduced, such that when the remediation stream is expanded through a turbine, additional cooling condenses more of the remaining condensable gases and expansion captures additional energy, or the remediation stream is sent to an air separation unit results in additional condensable vapors condensed and/or energy required for separation is reduced, or the CO2 and H2O poor and oxygen rich remediation stream is exhausted to the atmosphere.
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