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Apparatus for abstracting heat comprises a container charged with a first liquid and with small auxiliary containers free to circulate in the first liquid. Each of the small auxiliary containers is charged with a second liquid. The first and second liquids each have a selected temperature of transfo

Apparatus for abstracting heat comprises a container charged with a first liquid and with small auxiliary containers free to circulate in the first liquid. Each of the small auxiliary containers is charged with a second liquid. The first and second liquids each have a selected temperature of transformation that facilitates use of the apparatus to heat or cool a substance contacted by the apparatus.

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1. In combination with a heat generating exterior portion of the body of an individual, said exterior portion having an arcuate contour, improvements for removing heat from said exterior portion, said improvements comprising a cooled heat transfer device to draw heat away from and cool the exterior

1. In combination with a heat generating exterior portion of the body of an individual, said exterior portion having an arcuate contour, improvements for removing heat from said exterior portion, said improvements comprising a cooled heat transfer device to draw heat away from and cool the exterior portion of the body, the improvements including(a) a pliable water impermeable outer wall (i) circumscribing and enclosing an inner space, and (ii) positioned above the exterior portion of the body of the individual, said wall including (iii) a first contact portion contacting and conforming to the contour of the exterior portion of the body, and (iv) a second floor portion; (b) a plurality of spaced apart hollow fluid tight containers each permanently connected to a portion of said floor portion of said wall and extending from said wall into said inner space and toward said outer wall, each of said hollow containers including (i) a pliable thin-walled top portion having a wall with a substantially uniform thickness of less than about two millimeters, (ii) a thin-walled side having a substantially uniform thickness of less than about two millimeters and interconnecting said top portion and said floor and extending away from said floor at an angle in the range of seventy-five to one-hundred and five degrees, (iii) an outer height in the range of one-quarter of an inch to one inch, (iv) an outer width in the range of one-quarter of an inch to one inch such that the ratio of said height to said width is in the range of 5:1 to 1:5 and each of said hollow containers has dimensional parity, (v) an inner fluid containing space having an inner height and an inner width and having dimensional parity, (vi) an outer surface area contacting said first fluid, and (vii) a base having a base surface area, said hollow containers collectively having a total base surface area equivalent to the sum of the surface areas of all of said hollow containers, said hollow containers spaced apart a distance in the range of one-quarter to three-quarters of an inch, 70% to 100% of said outer surface area of each of said hollow containers contacting said first fluid, said floor portion having a total surface area intermediate said hollow containers, the ratio of said total surface area of said floor portion to said total base surface area being in the range of 1:3.5 to 10:1; (c) a first heat-exchange composition in said inner space contacting each of said fluid tight containers and comprising a first liquid which undergoes a change of state from the liquid phase to the solid phase at a selected temperature of transformation less than fifteen degrees F, said selected temperature of transformation being lower than the coldest temperatures found in conventional household freezers; (d) a second heat-exchange composition in each of said hollow containers comprising a frozen second liquid which undergoes a change of state from a liquid phase to a frozen solid phase at a temperature in the range of fifteen degrees to thirty-two degrees F, the ratio when said first and second liquid are each at room temperature of the total volume of the second liquid to the total volume of the first liquid being in the range of 3:1 to 1:3, said second fluid having a freezing point that is higher than the freezing point of said first fluid, said heat transfer device having (i) a surface temperature at least as cool as ten degrees F, and, when placed on a table at an ambient temperature of eighty degrees, which warms after four hours to a temperature no warmer than forty-two degrees F., (ii) an interior temperature at least as cool as fifteen degrees F, and, when placed on a table at an ambient temperature of eighty degrees, which warms after four hours to a temperature no warmer than thirty-six degrees; (e) convection currents in said first fluid moving upwardly away from the exterior portion of the individual's body as the result of heat absorbed by said first liquid; and, (f) turbulent flow in said first fluid intermediate said hollow fluid tight containers. 2. A cooled heat transfer device to draw heat away from and cool an exterior portion of the body of an individual, said heat transfer device comprising(a) a pliable water impermeable outer wall (i) circumscribing and enclosing an inner space, (ii) to be positioned above the exterior portion of the body of the individual, said wall including (iii) a first contact portion to contact and conform to the contour of the exterior portion of the body, and (iv) a second floor portion; (b) a plurality of spaced apart hollow fluid tight containers each permanently connected to a portion of said floor portion of said wall and extending from said wall into said inner space and toward said outer wall, each of said hollow containers including (i) a pliable thin-walled top portion having a wall with a substantially uniform thickness of less than about two millimeters, (ii) a thin-walled side having a substantially uniform thickness of less than about two millimeters and interconnecting said top portion and said floor and extending away from said floor at an angle in the range of seventy-five to one-hundred and five degrees, (iii) an outer height in the range of one-quarter of an inch to one inch, (iv) an outer width in the range of one-quarter of an inch to one inch, such that the ratio of said height to said width is in the range of 5:1 to 1:5 and each of said hollow containers has dimensional parity, (v) an inner fluid containing space having an inner height and an inner width and having dimensional parity, (vi) an outer surface area contacting said first fluid, and (vii) a base having a base surface area, said hollow containers collectively having a total base surface area equivalent to the sum of the surface areas of all of said hollow containers, said hollow containers spaced apart a distance in the range of one-quarter to three-quarters of an inch, 70% to 100% of said outer surface area of each of said hollow containers contacting said first fluid, said floor portion having a total surface area intermediate said hollow containers, the ratio of said total surface area of said floor portion to said total base surface area being in the range of 1:3.5 to 10:1; (c) a first heat-exchange composition in said inner space contacting each of said fluid tight containers and comprising a first liquid which undergoes a change of state from the liquid phase to the solid phase at a selected temperature of transformation less than fifteen degrees F, said selected temperature of transformation being lower than the coldest temperatures found in conventional household freezers; (d) a second heat-exchange composition in each of said hollow containers comprising a frozen second liquid which undergoes a change of state from a liquid phase to a frozen solid phase at a temperature in the range of fifteen degrees to thirty-two degrees F, the ratio when said first and second liquid are each at room temperature of the total volume of the second liquid to the total volume of the first liquid being in the range of 3:1 to 1:3, said second fluid having a freezing point that is higher than the freezing point of said first fluid, said heat transfer device having (i) a surface temperature at least as cool as ten degrees F, and, when placed on a table at an ambient temperature of eighty degrees, which warms after four hours to a temperature no warmer than forty-two degrees F., (ii) an interior temperature at least as cool as fifteen degrees F, and, when placed on a table at an ambient temperature of eighty degrees, which warms after four hours to a temperature no warmer than thirty-six degrees; (e) convection currents in said first fluid moving upwardly away from the exterior portion of the individual's body when heat is absorbed from said exterior portion by said first liquid; and (f) turbulent flow in said first fluid intermediate said hollow fluid tight containers when heat is absorbed from said exterior portion by said first fluid. 3. In combination with a heat generating exterior portion of the body of an individual, said exterior portion having an arcuate contour, improvements for removing heat from said exterior portion, said improvements comprising a cooled heat transfer device to draw heat away from and cool the exterior portion of the body, the improvements including(a) a pliable water impermeable outer wall (i) circumscribing and enclosing an inner space, and (ii) positioned above the exterior portion of the body of the individual, said wall including (iii) a first contact portion contacting and conforming to the contour of the exterior portion of the body, and (iv) a second floor portion; (b) a plurality of spaced apart hollow fluid tight containers each permanently connected to a portion of said floor portion of said wall and extending from said wall into said inner space and toward said outer wall, each of said hollow containers including (i) a pliable thin-walled top portion having a wall with a substantially uniform thickness of less than about two millimeters, (ii) a thin-walled side having a substantially uniform thickness of less than about two millimeters and interconnecting said top portion and said floor and extending away from said floor at an angle in the range of seventy-five to one-hundred and five degrees, (iii) an outer height in the range of one-quarter of from an inch to one inch, (iv) an outer width in the range of one-quarter of from an inch to one inch, such that the ratio of said height to said width is in the range of from 5:1 to 1:5 and each of said hollow containers has dimensional parity, (v) an inner fluid containing space having an inner height and an inner width and having dimensional parity, (vi) an outer surface area contacting said first fluid, and (vii) a base having a base surface area, said hollow containers collectively having a total base surface area equivalent to the sum of the surface areas of all of said hollow containers, 55% to 100% of said outer surface area of each of said hollow containers contacting said first fluid, said floor portion having a total surface area intermediate said hollow containers, the ratio of said total surface area of said floor portion to said total base surface area being in the range of from 1:3.5 to 10:1; (c) a first heat-exchange composition in said inner space contacting each of said fluid tight containers and comprising a first liquid which undergoes a change of state from the liquid phase to the solid phase at a selected temperature of transformation less than fifteen degrees F, said selected temperature of transformation being lower than the coldest temperatures found in conventional household freezers; (d) a second heat-exchange composition in each of said hollow containers comprising a frozen second liquid which undergoes a change of state from a liquid phase to a frozen solid phase at a temperature in the range of fifteen degrees to thirty-two degrees F, the ratio when said first and second liquid are each at room temperature of the total volume of the second liquid to the total volume of the first liquid being in the range of from 3:1 to 1:3, said second fluid having a freezing point that is higher than the freezing point of said first fluid; (e) convection currents in said first fluid moving upwardly away from the exterior portion of the individual's body as the result of heat absorbed by said first liquid; and, (f) turbulent flow in said first fluid intermediate said hollow fluid tight containers. 4. A cooled heat transfer device to draw heat away from and cool an exterior portion of the body of an individual, said heat transfer device comprising(a) a pliable water impermeable outer wall (i) circumscribing and enclosing an inner space, (ii) to be positioned above the exterior portion of the body of the individual, said wall including (iii) a first contact portion to contact and conform to the contour of the exterior portion of the body, and (iv) a second floor portion; (b) a plurality of spaced apart hollow fluid tight containers each permanently connected to a portion of said floor portion of said wall and extending from said wall into said inner space and toward said outer wall, each of said hollow containers including (i) a pliable thin-walled top portion having a wall with a substantially uniform thickness of less than about two millimeters, (ii) a thin-walled side having a substantially uniform thickness of less than about two millimeters and interconnecting said top portion and said floor and extending away from said floor at an angle in the range of from seventy-five to one-hundred and five degrees, (iii) an outer height in the range of from one-quarter of an inch to one inch, (iv) an outer width in the range of from one-quarter of an inch to one inch, such that the ratio of said height to said width is in the range of from 5:1 to 1:5 and each of said hollow containers has dimensional parity, (v) an inner fluid containing space having an inner height and an inner width and having dimensional parity, (vi) an outer surface area contacting said first fluid, and (vii) a base having a base surface area, said hollow containers collectively having a total base surface area equivalent to the sum of the surface areas of all of said hollow containers, 55% to 100% of said outer surface area of each of said hollow containers contacting said first fluid, said floor portion having a total surface area intermediate said hollow containers, the ratio of said total surface area to said total base surface area of said floor portion being in the range of from 1:3.5 to 10:1; (c) a first heat-exchange composition in said inner space contacting each of said fluid tight containers and comprising a first liquid which undergoes a change of state from the liquid phase to the solid phase at a selected temperature of transformation less than fifteen degrees F, said selected temperature of transformation being lower than the coldest temperatures found in conventional household freezers; and, (d) a second heat-exchange composition in each of said hollow containers comprising a frozen second liquid which undergoes a change of state from a liquid phase to a frozen solid phase at a temperature in the range of from fifteen degrees to thirty-two degrees F, the ratio when said first and second liquids are each at room temperature of the total volume of the second liquid to the total volume of the first liquid being in the range of from 3:1 to 1:3, said second fluid having a freezing point that is higher than the freezing point of said first fluid.