Solid sorbents for removal of carbon dioxide from gas streams at low temperatures
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B01D-053/04
B01D-053/52
B01D-053/62
출원번호
US-0420713
(2003-04-23)
발명자
/ 주소
Sirwardane, Ranjani V.
출원인 / 주소
The United States of America as represented by the Department of Energy
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
87인용 특허 :
16
초록▼
New low-cost CO2 sorbents are provided that can be used in large-scale gas-solid processes. A new method is provided for making these sorbents that involves treating substrates with an amine and/or an ether so that the amine and/or ether comprise at least 50 wt. percent of the sorbent. The sorbent a
New low-cost CO2 sorbents are provided that can be used in large-scale gas-solid processes. A new method is provided for making these sorbents that involves treating substrates with an amine and/or an ether so that the amine and/or ether comprise at least 50 wt. percent of the sorbent. The sorbent acts by capturing compounds contained in gaseous fluids via chemisorption and/or physisorption between the unit layers of the substrate's lattice where the polar amine liquids and solids and/or polar ether liquids and solids are located. The method eliminates the need for high surface area supports and polymeric materials for the preparation of CO2 capture systems, and provides sorbents with absorption capabilities that are independent of the sorbents' surface areas. The sorbents can be regenerated by heating at temperatures in excess of 35° C.
대표청구항▼
1. A method for removing compounds from a fluid, the method comprising contacting the fluid with a polar nucleophilic moiety located on inside surfaces and outside surfaces of a clay substrate having a surface area of 0.72 to 26 m2/g, whereby the moiety attracts the compounds.2. The method as recite
1. A method for removing compounds from a fluid, the method comprising contacting the fluid with a polar nucleophilic moiety located on inside surfaces and outside surfaces of a clay substrate having a surface area of 0.72 to 26 m2/g, whereby the moiety attracts the compounds.2. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the compound is a gas at ambient temperature, the gas selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and combinations thereof.3. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the compounds are removed at a temperature of between 25° C. and 50° C.4. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the moiety attracts the compounds via chemisorption or physisorption.5. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the polar nucleophilic moiety is regenerated in situ by heating the substrate to temperatures ranging from between 35° C. to 100° C. in an inert atmosphere.6. A sorbent comprising:a) a clay substrate having a surface area of 0.72 to 26 m2/g with external surfaces and internal surfaces in fluid communication with the environment; and b) polar nucleophilic moieties covering said surfaces to allow interaction of the moieties with compounds in the environment. 7. The sorbent as recited in claim 6 wherein the moieties are present in a moiety-to-substrate weight ratio ranging from 1:9 to 3:2.8. The sorbent as recited in claim 6 wherein the substrate has a layered structure capable of expanding to form passages to contain said moiety.9. The sorbent as recited in claim 6 further comprising inert materials to enhance porosity of the substrate.10. The sorbent as recited in claim 6 wherein the clay substrate is selected from the group consisting of bentonite, ball clay, fuller's earth, kaolin, attapulgite, hectorite, meerschaum, palygorskite, saponite, sepiolite, common clay, and combinations thereof.11. The sorbent as recited in claim 6 wherein the moieties are homogeneuosly dispersed thoroughout the substrate.12. The sorbent as recited in claim 6 wherein the external surfaces are in fluid communication with the internal surfaces.13. A process for producing enriched sorbents, the process comprising:a) supplying a clay substrate having a surface area of 0.72 to 26 m2/g and having repeating strata and interstices between the strata, whereby the interstices define conduits which are in fluid communication with the atmosphere surrounding the substrate; b) causing the interstices to expand; c) coating the strata with a polar nucleophilic moiety; and d) drying the coated strata. 14. The process as recited in claim 13 wherein the polar nucleophilic moiety is an amine selected from the group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an aromatic amine, or a cyclic amine.15. The process as recited in claim 13 wherein the polar nucleophilic moiety is a substituted amine containing one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, allyl, vinyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, naphthyl, and combinations thereof.16. The process as recited in claim 13 wherein the polar nucleophilic moiety is an ether containing one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, allyl, vinyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, naphthyl, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and combinations thereof.17. The process as recited in claim 13 wherein the process is conducted at temperatures below 80° C.18. The process as recited in claim 13 wherein the moiety facilitates sequestration of carbon dioxide.19. The process as recited in claim 18 wherein the sequestration occurs on the exterior and in the interior of the substrate.20. The process as recited in claim 13 wherein the absorption properties of sorbent produced are independent of the volume of the sorbent.
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