초록 ▼

The present invention is drawn to a high power electrochemical energy storage device, comprising at least one stackable, monolithic battery unit. The monolithic battery unit includes at least two electrochemical energy storage cells. The cells have a lithium ion insertion anode and a lithium ion ins

The present invention is drawn to a high power electrochemical energy storage device, comprising at least one stackable, monolithic battery unit. The monolithic battery unit includes at least two electrochemical energy storage cells. The cells have a lithium ion insertion anode and a lithium ion insertion cathode, a bipolar current collector between cells and end plate current collectors at the opposing ends of each battery unit. A frame may be associated with the perimeter of the current collector. The current collector comprises a high-conductivity metal. The device also has the at least two storage cells substantially aligned adjacent one another, a separator material associated between the anode and the cathode within each cell; and an electrolyte within each cell.Additionally, the present invention is drawn to a device combining two or more of the monolithic units, either in series or in parallel or any combination thereof, so as to create a high power, high voltage energy storage device.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A high power battery, comprising:a least one stackable, monolithic battery unit, the battery unit including: at least two electrochemical energy storage cells, the cells having: a lithium ion insertion anode and a lithium ion insertion cathode in facing relation to one another, wherein both the a

1. A high power battery, comprising:a least one stackable, monolithic battery unit, the battery unit including: at least two electrochemical energy storage cells, the cells having: a lithium ion insertion anode and a lithium ion insertion cathode in facing relation to one another, wherein both the anode and the cathode comprise particles forming an electrode having a porosity of approximately 30% to approximately 60% each; a separator material associated between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte; wherein the at least two storage cells are substantially aligned adjacent one another in a bipolar configuration with a bipolar current collector therebetween, and end plate current collectors at the opposing ends of each battery unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anode comprises a lithium ion insertion material having a voltage of greater than 0.5 V vs. the Li/Li+ potential.3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anode comprises a lithium ion insertion material having a voltage of approximately 1.5 V vs. the Li/Li+ potential.4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anode includes a lithiated titanium oxide.5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the anode is selected from one of the group consisting of LiTi2O4, Li(4+x)TiO2 and LixTiO2.6. The device according to claim 4, wherein the lithiated titanium oxide is of the spinel type.7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the cathode includes a lithium manganese oxide.8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the lithium manganese oxide is of the spinel type.9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises LiCoO2.10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises LiNiO2.11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises a lithium insertion material having a dopant selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co and Cr.12. The device according to claim 1, wherein both the anode and the cathode comprise particles having a substantially spherical shape.13. The device according to claim 1, wherein both the anode and the cathode comprise particles having a substantially prolate ellipsoidal shape.14. The device according to claim 1 having a charge and discharge capability of at least 0.05 A/cm2 for more than 10 s.15. The device according to claim 1 having the ability to withstand short-circuit tests according to UL? standard 2054 at ambient and 60° C., without any added safety device.16. The device according to claim 1, wherein the end plates comprise a face area, the device additionally comprising two terminal plates conductively associated with the end plates, wherein the terminal plates of the device are electrically contacted over at least 20% of the end plate surface area by a contacting means.17. The device according to claim 16, wherein one or more terminal cables are joined to the two terminal plates.18. The device according to claim 16, wherein the contacting means comprises mechanical pressure.19. The device according to claim 18, wherein the mechanical pressure is supplied by mechanical compression device associated with the battery unit.20. The device according to claim 19, the mechanical compression device comprises:two parallel compression plates associated with the end portions of the battery unit; and means for manipulating the compression plates together so as to place pressure upon the battery unit. 21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the manipulating means comprises one or more screws associated with the compression plates.22. The device according to claim 20, wherein the terminal plates and the compression plates comprise the same structure.23. The device according to claim 20, wherein the two parallel compression plates are electrically insulated from each other.24. The device according to claim 23, wherein the manipulating means comprises an insulated material.25. The device according to claim 20, wherein the mechanical compression device is capable of providing a level of compression between 0.2 and 1 kg/cm2.26. The device according to claim 18, wherein mechanical pressure is supplied by a shrink tubing encompassing the battery unit.27. The device according to claim 18, wherein mechanical pressure is supplied by one or more means for binding surrounding the battery unit, wherein the binding means is selected from one of the group consisting of fibrous tapes, non-fibrous tapes, strings, and ribbons.28. The device according to claim 16, wherein the two terminal plates comprise at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy.29. The device according to claim 16, wherein the two terminal plates have a thickness of between approximately 0.2 and approximately 10 mm.30. The device according to claim 16, wherein the two terminal plates comprise a means for cooling.31. The device according to claim 30, wherein the cooling means comprises cooling fins associated with the two terminal plates.32. The device according to claim 30 wherein the cooling means comprises at least one channel through at least one of the two terminal plates, wherein the at least one channel allows the passage of fluid over and through the terminal plates.33. The device according to claim 16, wherein the contacting means comprises two terminal contact elements associated between the end plates and the terminal plates.34. The device according to claim 33 wherein the two terminal contact elements are thicker than the individual bipolar current collector and end plate current collectors.35. The device according to claim 34, wherein the two terminal contact elements have a thickness of less than approximately 1 millimeter.36. The device according to claim 33, wherein the two contact elements each comprise an end surface, and at least one of the end surfaces provides a plurality of electrical contact points.37. The device according to claim 36, wherein the plurality of electrical contact points are uniformly distributed across the end surfaces.38. The device according to claim 33, wherein the two contact elements comprise a conductive mat.39. The device according to claim 38, wherein the conductive mat comprises a conductive foam or a conductive felt.40. The device according to claim 38, wherein the conductive mat comprises a conductive mesh.41. The device according to claim 40, wherein the conductive mesh comprises an expanded or a woven metal mesh.42. The device according to claim 33, wherein the two contact elements comprise at least one of aluminum and nickel.43. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the bipolar current collector and the end plate current collectors comprises a material having a mass-normalized electronic sheet conductivity of greater than 70,000 S/cm2/g.44. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the bipolar current collector and the end plate current collectors comprises a material having a mass-normalized thermal sheet conductivity of greater than 0.5 W/cm2/g/K.45. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the bipolar current collector and the end plate current collector comprises an aluminum current collector.46. The device according to claim 45, wherein the aluminum current collector comprises a current collector having a thickness of between approximately 20 micrometers and 80 micrometers.47. The device according to claim 45, wherein the aluminum current collector comprises a current collector having a purity of greater than approximately 95% aluminum.48. The device according to claim 45, wherein the aluminum current collector comprises a current collector having a purity of approximately 99% aluminum.49. The device according to claim 1, wherein bipolar current collector and the end plate current collectors comprise the same material and dimensions.50. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device additionally comprises at least one conductive primer layer, wherein the conductive primer layer is positioned between at least one of the anode and the adjacent current collector and the cathode and the adjacent current collector.51. The device according to claim 50, wherein the conductive primer layer is positioned between both the anode material and the adjacent current collector and between the cathode material and the adjacent current collector.52. The device according to claim 50, wherein the conductive primer layer is positioned between both the anode material and the adjacent current collector and between the cathode material and the adjacent current collector and extends over the entire surface of the current collector facing the anode or the cathode.53. The device according to claim 50, wherein the conductive primer layer comprises a dried water-based ink.54. The device according to claim 50, wherein the conductive primer layer has a thickness of between approximately 1 micrometer to approximately 10 micrometers.55. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the bipolar current collector and the end plate current collector comprises a nickel current collector.56. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the bipolar current collector and the end plate current collector comprises a bimetallic Cu?Al current collector.57. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the bipolar current collector and the end plate current collector comprises a bimetallic Cu?Ni current collector.58. The device according to claim 1, additionally comprising a frame, wherein the bipolar current collector and the end plate current collectors comprises at least one perimeter, and the frame is associated with the perimeter of at least one of the bipolar current collector and the end plate current collector.59. The device according to claim 58, wherein the frame comprises at least one polymer layer.60. The device according to claim 59, wherein the at least one polymer layer comprises at least one of a thermoplastic polymer and a thermoplastic ionomer.61. The device according to claim 59, wherein the polymer layer is selected from one of the group consisting of polypropylenes, polyolefins, chlorinated or fluorinated polyolefins, acid-modified polypropylenes, acid-modified polyolefins, and polyesters.62. The device according to claim 58, wherein the associated frame comprises a top and a bottom, wherein the top and the bottom are associated with each other so as to encompass the perimeter of the bipolar current collector therebetween.63. The device according to claim 58, wherein the frame is secured to at least one of the bipolar current or end plate current collector by a heat weld.64. The device according to claim 62 wherein the top of the frame and the bottom of the frame each comprise a perimeter, and the perimeters of both the top and bottom of the frame are joined together.65. The device according to claim 58, having the frames of the at least two electrochemical energy storage cells substantially aligned, and wherein the frames of the at least two electrochemical energy storage cells comprise a thickness so as to create a cell space therebetween.66. The device according to claim 65, wherein the frames of the at least two electrochemical storage cells comprise a perimeter, and the associated frames are welded along the perimeter to create a fluid-tight seal.67. The device according to claim 66, wherein the fluid-tight seal results in the cell space having a pressure of less than atmospheric pressure.68. The device according to claim 67, wherein the cell space comprises a pressure of at least 0.8 bar below atmospheric pressure.69. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous electrolyte.70. The device according to claim 69, wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium-based salt selected from the group consisting of LiPF6, LiBF4, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiClO4, LiAsF6, lithium oxalato borates and other lithium borates.71. The device according to claim 69, additionally comprising at least one electrolyte solvent, wherein the at least one solvent is associated with the electrolyte.72. The device according to claim 71, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, diethylcarbonate, ethylenecarbonate, dimethylcarbonate, ethyl-methylcarbonate, dimethylacetamide, diethylacetamide, gamma-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethylsulfite, diethylsulfite, trimethylphosphate, and valeronitrile.73. The device according to claim 71, wherein the at least one electrolyte has a boiling point of 90° C. or greater.74. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one monolithic battery unit comprises at least two monolithic battery units electrically connected in series.75. The device according to claim 74, additionally comprising at least one bridge contact element associated between the at least two monolithic battery units.76. The device according to claim 75, additionally including two terminal plates conductively associated with the terminal end plates, and two terminal contact elements between the terminal plates and the terminal end plates, wherein the bridge contact element and the terminal contact elements comprise the same material and thickness.77. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one monolithic battery unit comprises at least two monolithic battery units electrically connected in parallel.78. The device according to claim 77, additionally including two terminal plates conductively associated with terminal end plates of the at least two battery units, wherein the at least two battery units comprise an even number of battery units, and wherein the even number of battery units are electrically connected in parallel by the terminal plates such that the two terminal plates are at the same voltage.79. The device according to claim 78, additionally comprising a means for manipulating the two terminal plates together so as to place pressure upon the battery unit, wherein the manipulating means comprises a conductive material.80. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one monolithic battery unit comprises at least two monolithic battery units electrically connected in any combination of series and parallel connections.