Method for producing a heat transfer medium and device
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B05D-001/36
B05D-007/22
출원번호
US-0138055
(2002-05-03)
발명자
/ 주소
Qu, Yu Zhi
출원인 / 주소
New Qu Energy Limited
대리인 / 주소
Technoprop Colton LLC
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
8인용 특허 :
6
초록▼
A method for preparing a superconducting heat transfer medium having three basic layers, the method having the steps of preparing a first layer mixture, applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to form a first layer, preparing a second layer mixture, applying the second lay
A method for preparing a superconducting heat transfer medium having three basic layers, the method having the steps of preparing a first layer mixture, applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to form a first layer, preparing a second layer mixture, applying the second layer mixture to the substrate over the first layer so as to form a second layer on top of the first layer, preparing a third layer powder, and exposing the second layer to the third layer powder so as to form a third layer on top of the second layer, thus forming the three layer superconducting heat transfer medium.
대표청구항▼
1. A method for producing a heat transfer medium comprising three layers, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a first layer mixture comprising water, beryllium oxide, a metal dichromate, calcium dichromate, and boron oxide; (b) applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to
1. A method for producing a heat transfer medium comprising three layers, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a first layer mixture comprising water, beryllium oxide, a metal dichromate, calcium dichromate, and boron oxide; (b) applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to form a first layer; (c) preparing a second layer mixture; (d) applying the second layer mixture to the first layer so as to form a second layer on top of the first layer; (e) preparing a third layer powder; and (f) exposing the second layer to the third layer powder so as to form a third layer on top of the second layer, thus forming the three layer heat transfer medium. 2. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 1, wherein the first layer mixture further comprises one or more sodium compounds selected from the group consisting of sodium peroxide and sodium oxide.3. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 2, wherein the metal dichromate of the first layer mixture is selected from the group consisting of aluminum dichromate and magnesium dichromate.4. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 3, wherein the second layer is prepared from a mixture comprising water, cobaltous oxide, manganese sesquioxide, beryllium oxide, strontium chromate, strontium carbonate, cupric oxide, titanium, potassium dichromate, boron oxide, calcium dichromate, and a metal dichromate.5. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 4, wherein the metal dichromate of the second layer mixture is selected from the group consisting of aluminum dichromate and magnesium dichromate, and the titanium is β-titanium.6. A method for producing a heat transfer medium comprising three layers, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a first layer mixture; (b) applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to form a first layer; (c) preparing a second layer mixture comprising water, cobaltous oxide, beryllium oxide, strontium chromate, strontium carbonate, cupric oxide, titanium, potassium dichromate, boron oxide, calcium dichromate, a metal dichromate, and one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of rhodium oxide and radium oxide; (d) applying the second layer mixture to the first layer so as to form a second layer on top of the first layer; (e) preparing a third layer powder; and (f) exposing the second layer to the third layer powder so as to form a third layer on top of the second layer, thus forming the three layer heat transfer medium. 7. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 6, wherein the metal dichromate is selected from the group consisting of aluminum dichromate and magnesium dichromate, and the titanium is β-titanium.8. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 7, wherein the second layer mixture further comprises magnesium sesquioxide.9. A method for producing a heat transfer medium comprising three layers, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a first layer mixture; (b) applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to form a first layer; (c) preparing a second layer mixture; (d) applying the second layer mixture to the first layer so as to form a second layer on top of the first layer; (e) preparing a third layer powder from a blend comprising one or more denatured oxides selected from the group consisting of denatured rhodium oxide, denatured radium oxide, and combinations thereof; one or more Group IA dichromates selected from the group consisting of sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, and combinations thereof; silver dichromate; monocrystalline silicon; beryllium oxide; strontium chromate; boron oxide; sodium peroxide; titanium; and a metal dichromate; and (f) exposing the second layer to the third layer powder so as to form a third layer on top of the second layer, thus forming the three layer heat transfer medium. 10. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 9, wherein the metal dichromate is selected from the group consisting of aluminum dichromate and magnesium dichromate, and the titanium is β-titanium.11. A method for producing a heat transfer medium comprising three layers, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a first layer mixture by a process comprising the steps of: (i) placing 100 parts, by weight, of distilled water into an inert container; (ii) mixing between 2.0 and 5.0 parts, by weight, of sodium peroxide into the water; (iii) mixing between 0.0 and 0.5 parts, by weight, of sodium oxide into the mixture of step (b); (iv) mixing between 0.0 and 0.5 parts, by weight, of beryllium oxide into the mixture of step (c); (v) mixing between 0.3 and 2.0 parts, by weight, of a metal dichromate selected from the group consisting of aluminum dichromate and magnesium dichromate into the mixture of step (d); (vi) mixing between 0.0 and 3.5 parts, by weight, of calcium dichromate into the mixture of step (e); and (vii) mixing between 1.0 and 3.0 parts, by weight, of boron oxide into the mixture of step (f); (b) applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to form a first layer; (c) preparing a second layer mixture; (d) applying the second layer mixture to the first layer so as to form a second layer on top of the first layer; (e) preparing a third layer powder; and (f) exposing the second layer to the third layer powder so as to form a third layer on top of the second layer, thus forming the three layer heat transfer medium. 12. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 11, wherein the step of preparing the second layer mixture comprises the steps of:(a) placing 100 parts, by weight, of twice-distilled water into an inert container; (b) dissolving and mixing between 0.2 and 0.5 parts, by weight, of cobaltous oxide into the twice-distilled water; (c) mixing between 0.0 and 0.5 parts, by weight, of manganese sesquioxide into the mixture of step (b); (d) mixing between 0.0 and 0.01 parts, by weight, of beryllium oxide into the mixture of step (c); (e) mixing between 0.0 and 0.5 parts, by weight, of strontium chromate into the mixture of step (d); (f) mixing between 0.0 and 0.5 parts, by weight, of strontium carbonate into the mixture of step (e); (g) mixing between 0.0 and 0.2 parts, by weight, of rhodium oxide into the mixture of step (f); (h) mixing between 0.0 and 0.8 parts, by weight, of cupric oxide into the mixture of step (g); (i) mixing between 0.0 and 0.6 parts, by weight, of β-titanium into the mixture of step (h); (j) mixing between 1.0 and 1.2 parts, by weight, of potassium dichromate into the mixture of step (i); (k) mixing between 0.0 and 1.0 parts, by weight, of boron oxide into the mixture of step (j); (l) mixing between 0.0 and 1.0 parts, by weight, of calcium dichromate into the mixture of step (k); and (m) mixing between 0.0 and 2.0 parts, by weight, of a compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum dichromate and magnesium dichromate, into the mixture of step (l). 13. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 12, wherein the step of preparing the third layer powder comprises the steps of:(a) placing between 0.0 and 1.75 parts, by weight, of denatured rhodium oxide into an inert container; (b) blending between 0.3 and 2.6 parts, by weight, of sodium dichromate with the rhodium oxide; (c) blending between 0.0 and 0.8 parts, by weight, of potassium dichromate with the mixture of step (b); (d) blending between 0.0 and 3.1 parts, by weight, of denatured radium oxide with the mixture of step (c); (e) blending between 0.1 and 0.4 parts, by weight, of silver dichromate with the mixture of step (d); (f) blending between 0.2 and 0.9 parts, by weight, of the monocrystalline silicon powder treated by magnetic penetration with the mixture of step (e); (g) blending between 0.0 and 0.01 parts, by weight, of beryllium oxide with the mixture of step (f); (h) blending between 0.0 and 0.1 parts, by weight, of strontium chromate with the mixture of step (g); (i) blending between 0.0 and 0.1 parts, by weight, of boron oxide with the mixture of step (h); (j) blending between 0.0 and 0.1 parts, by weight, of sodium peroxide with the mixture of step (i); (k) blending between 0.0 and 1.25 parts, by weight, of β-titanium with the mixture of step (j); and (l) blending between 0.0 and 0.2 parts, by weight, of a compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum dichromate and magnesium dichromate, into the mixture of step (k). 14. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 13, wherein:said step of applying the first layer comprises the steps of (1) submerging at least a portion of the substrate within the first layer mixture such that the first layer mixture contacts at least a selected portion of the substrate; and (2) drying the substrate naturally at ambient conditions to form first layer on the selected portion of the substrate; said step of applying the second layer comprises the steps of (1) submerging at least a portion of the substrate with the first layer thereon within the second layer mixture such that the second layer mixture contacts at least a selected portion of the first layer; and (2) drying the substrate naturally at ambient conditions to form a film of second layer on the selected portion of the first layer; and said step of applying the third layer comprises the step of exposing at least a selected portion of the second layer to the third layer powder. 15. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 14, wherein said step of applying the first layer mixture is carried out at a temperature of between about 0° C. and about 30° C. for at least 8 hours.16. The method for producing the heat transfer medium of claim 14, wherein said step of applying the third layer is carried out at a temperature of between about 55° C. and about 65° C. for at least 4 hours.17. A method for producing a heat transfer device comprising the heat transfer medium of claim 13, wherein:said step of applying said first layer comprises the steps of (1) submerging a substrate having a cavity and first and second ends within the first layer mixture such that the first layer mixture fills the cavity; and (2) drying the substrate naturally at ambient conditions to form the first layer within the cavity; said step of applying said second layer comprises the steps of (1) submerging the substrate within the second layer mixture such that the second layer mixture fills the cavity; (2) drying the substrate naturally at ambient conditions to form a film of the second layer within the cavity; (3) attaching an end cap on the second end of the substrate; (4) attaching an injection cap having a bore therethrough on the first end of the substrate; and (5) heating the first end of the substrate to a temperature not to exceed 120° C.; and said step of applying said third layer comprises the steps of (1) injecting the third layer powder through the bore in an amount of at least 1 cubic meter per 400,000 cubic meters of the cavity volume; (2) inserting a plug into the bore; (3) heating the first end of the substrate to a temperature between about 80° C. and about 125° C.; (4) removing the plug from the bore; and (5) reinserting the plug into the bore. 18. The method for producing a heat transfer device of claim 17, wherein the substrate is placed within the first layer mixture in a non-horizontal arrangement at a temperature of between about 0° C. and about 30° C. for at least 8 hours, and the first layer mixture penetrates the surface of the substrate to a depth of between 0.008 mm and 0.012 mm.19. The method for producing a heat transfer device of claim 17, wherein the first end of the substrate is oriented in a downward direction within the second layer mixture at a temperature of between about 55° C. and about 65° C. for at least 4 hours, forming a second layer having a thickness of between about 0.008 mm and about 0.012 mm.20. The method for producing a heat transfer device of claim 17, wherein the temperature of the heating step when applying the second layer is approximately 40° C., and wherein the plug is removed from the bore for no more than approximately 2 seconds.21. A method for preparing a heat transfer medium comprising three layers, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a first layer mixture, wherein the first layer mixture comprises water, beryllium oxide, a metal dichromate, calcium dichromate, and boron oxide; (b) applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate so as to form a first layer; (c) preparing a second layer mixture comprising water, cobaltous oxide, manganese sesquioxide, beryllium oxide, strontium chromate, strontium carbonate, cupric oxide, titanium, potassium dichromate, boron oxide, calcium dichromate, and a metal dichromate; (d) applying the second layer mixture to the first layer so as to form a second layer on top of the first layer; (e) preparing a third layer powder, wherein the third layer is a powder prepared from a blend comprising one or more denatured oxides selected from the group consisting of denatured rhodium oxide, denatured radium oxide, and combinations thereof; one or more Group IA dichromates selected from the group consisting of sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, and combinations thereof; silver dichromate; monocrystalline silicon; beryllium oxide; strontium chromate; boron oxide; sodium peroxide; titanium; and a metal dichromate; and (f) exposing the second layer to the third layer powder so as to form a third layer on top of the second layer, thus forming the three layer heat transfer medium. 22. A method for preparing a heat transfer medium comprising three layers, comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a first layer mixture at a temperature of between about 0° C. and about 30° C. and at a relative humidity of no greater than 40%, wherein the first layer mixture comprises water, beryllium oxide, a metal dichromate, calcium dichromate, and boron oxide; (b) applying the first layer mixture to a surface of a substrate wherein at least a portion of the first layer mixture penetrates at least partially into the surface of the substrate so as to form a first layer; (c) preparing a second layer mixture at a temperature of between about 0° C. and about 30° C. and at a relative humidity of no greater than 40%, wherein the second layer mixture is prepared as an aqueous mixture comprising water, cobaltous oxide, manganese sesquioxide, beryllium oxide, strontium chromate, strontium carbonate, cupric oxide, titanium, potassium dichromate, boron oxide, calcium dichromate, and a metal dichromate; (d) applying the second layer mixture to the first layer so as to form a second layer on top of the first layer; (e) preparing a third layer powder at a temperature of between about 0° C. and about 30° C. and at a relative humidity of no greater than 40%, wherein the third layer is a powder prepared from a blend comprising one or more denatured oxides selected from the group consisting of denatured rhodium oxide, denatured radium oxide, and combinations thereof; one or more Group IA dichromates selected from the group consisting of sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, and combinations thereof; silver dichromate; monocrystalline silicon; beryllium oxide; strontium chromate; boron oxide; sodium peroxide; titanium; and a metal dichromate; and (f) exposing the second layer to the third layer powder so as to form a third layer on top of the second layer, thus forming the three layer heat transfer medium.
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