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A process for removing aluminosilicate-based material (e.g., “CMAS”) from a substrate is described. The material is treated with an aqueous composition containing at least one acid having the formula HxAF6, in which A is Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, Al, and Ga; and x is 1-6. Treatment of the substrate is often c

A process for removing aluminosilicate-based material (e.g., “CMAS”) from a substrate is described. The material is treated with an aqueous composition containing at least one acid having the formula HxAF6, in which A is Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, Al, and Ga; and x is 1-6. Treatment of the substrate is often carried out by immersion in an aqueous bath. The process is also very effective for removing CMAS-type material from cavities in the substrate, e.g., cooling holes in a gas turbine component. Related compositions are also described.

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1. A method for removing aluminosilicate-based material from a substrate, comprising the step of contacting the aluminosilicate-based material with an aqueous composition comprising at least one acid having the formula HxAF6, or precursors to said acid, wherein A is selected from the group consistin

1. A method for removing aluminosilicate-based material from a substrate, comprising the step of contacting the aluminosilicate-based material with an aqueous composition comprising at least one acid having the formula HxAF6, or precursors to said acid, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Si Ge, Ti, Zr, Al, and Ga; and x is 1-6, and wherein the substrate comprises a nickel-based or cobalt-based superalloy.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate-based material comprises calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxide.3. The method of claim 2, wherein the aluminosilicate-based material comprises about 5% to about 35% by weight calcium oxide; about 2% to about 35% by weight magnesium oxide; about 5% by weight to about 15% by weight aluminum oxide; and about 5% by weight to about 55% by weight silicon oxide.4. The method of claim 1, wherein x is 1-3.5. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid is present at a concentration in the range of about 0.05 M to about 5 M.6. The method of claim 5, wherein the acid is present at a concentration in the range of about 0.5 M to about 3.5 M.7. The method of claim 1, wherein the precursor of the acid is a salt of the acid.8. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous composition comprises the compound H2SiF6 or H2ZrF6.9. The method of claim 8, wherein the H2SiF6 compound is formed in situ within the aqueous composition, by the dissociation of a corresponding salt of the compound; or by the reaction of a silicon-containing compound with a fluorine-containing compound.10. The method of claim 9, wherein the silicon-containing compound is SiO2, and the fluorine-containing compound is HF.11. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous composition is maintained at a temperature not greater than about 100° C.12. The method of claim 11, wherein the aqueous composition is maintained at a temperature in the range of about 45° C. to about 90° C.13. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is stirred or agitated during contact with the aluminosilicate-based material.14. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous composition further comprises at least one additional acid or precursor thereof.15. The method of claim 14, wherein the additional acid has a pH of less than about 3.5 in pure water.16. The method of claim 14, wherein the additional acid is present in the composition at a level in the range of about 0.5 M to about 5 M.17. The method of claim 14, wherein the additional acid is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric aid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, acetic acid, perchloric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphinic acid, alkyl sulfonic acids, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.18. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous composition further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of inhibitors, dispersants, surfactants, chelating agents, wetting agents, deflocculants, stabilizers, anti-settling agents and anti-foam agents.19. The method of claim 1, wherein the superalloy comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel cobalt, iron, aluminum, chromium, titanium, magnesium, zirconium, and niobium.20. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a component of a turbine engine.21. The method of claim 20, wherein the component comprises an airfoil.22. The method of claim 1, wherein a ceramic coating is disposed over the substrate, and the aluminosilicate-based material lies over the ceramic coating.23. The method of claim 22, wherein a metallic bond coating lies between the substrate and the ceramic coating.24. The method of claim 23, wherein the ceramic coating is zirconia-based.25. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes at least one cavity which contains the aluminosilicate-based material and said material is substantially removed after being contacted with the aqueous composition.26. The method of claim 25, wherein the substrate is a turbine engine component, and the cavity is a cooling hole.27. A chemical stripping method for removing an aluminosilicate-based material from a superalloy substrate covered by a zirconia-based thermal barrier coating, comprising the step of treating the substrate with an aqueous composition comprising at least one of H2SiF6 or H2ZrF6.28. The method of claim 27, wherein the superalloy substrate is a turbine engine component.29. The method of claim 27, wherein treatment is carried out by immersing the substrate in a bath of the aqueous composition maintained at a temperature in the range of about 45° C. to about 90° C.; wherein the composition is stirred or agitated while the substrate is immersed therein; and the concentration of the H2SiF6 or H2ZrF6 (total) in the bath is in the range of about 0.2 M to about 3.5 M.30. A method for removing at least a portion of a dirt-covered ceramic coating from a metallic substrate, comprising the following steps:(a) treating the substrate with an aqueous composition comprising at least one acid having the formula HxAF6, or precursors to said acid, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, Al, and Ga; and x is 1-6, to remove the dirt; and (b) treating the ceramic coating with a composition comprising an acid fluoride salt and a corrosion inhibitor, wherein the amount of acid fluoride salt in the composition is sufficient to attack the ceramic coating, and the amount of corrosion inhibitor in the composition is sufficient to protect the metallic substrate from attack by the acid fluoride salt. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the ceramic coating comprises zirconia.32. The method of claim 30, wherein the acid fluoride salt is ammonium bifluoride, and the corrosion inhibitor comprises sulfuric acid and 1,3-diethylthiourea.33. The method of claim 30, wherein a bond coating disposed between the metallic substrate and the ceramic coating is not adversely affected by treatment steps (a) or (b).