초록

An automatic guidance and control system for aircraft moving on the ground. On-ground taxi control is provided in response to steering commands for nosewheel positioning.

대표청구항 ▼

1. An automatic control system for directional control of an aircraft moving on the ground, comprising:a pilot hand operable steering control input device for making directional control inputs; manual steering command generation means for generating a nosewheel steering angle command from the pilot'

1. An automatic control system for directional control of an aircraft moving on the ground, comprising:a pilot hand operable steering control input device for making directional control inputs; manual steering command generation means for generating a nosewheel steering angle command from the pilot's input to said hand operable steering control input device; means for estimating lateral displacement of the aircraft from a desired taxi path; automatic steering command generation means for generating a nosewheel steering angle command which tends to zero said lateral displacement; and, nosewheel steering control means for positioning the nosewheel steering so as to follow the nosewheel steering angle command from either the manual steering command generation means or the automatic steering command generation means depending on whether automatic ground steering is disengaged or engaged. 2. The automatic control system of claim 1, further comprising backdrive means for positioning said hand operable steering control input device when automatic ground steering is engaged, in such manner that the position of said hand operable steering control input device would result in the manual steering command generation means generating a nosewheel steering angle command substantially equal to the nosewheel steering angle command being generated by the automatic steering command generation means if automatic ground steering were not engaged.3. The automatic control system of claim 1, further comprising pilot operable rudder pedals for making small directional control inputs smaller than a threshold magnitude, and means for linking said hand operable steering control input device and said rudder pedals when directional control inputs being made are small or nonexistent.4. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said hand operable steering control input device is a tiller.5. The automatic control system of claim 4, wherein said computer means includes at least one of the following elements: (i) a gain, (ii) a filter, (iii) a deadzone, (iv) a limit.6. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said manual steering command generation means include transducer means for measuring the position of said hand operable steering control input device and computer means for generating said nosewheel steering angle command from said position.7. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said means for estimating lateral displacement comprises inductive means for sensing the displacement of aircraft installed antennae relative to at least one ground installed guidewire with a fixed positional relationship relative to said taxi line.8. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said means for estimating lateral displacement includes aircraft installed inertial navigation means for updating aircraft inertial position from an initial position fix.9. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said means for estimating lateral displacement comprises sensor means for sensing the displacement of an aircraft installed sensor relative to at least one ground installed sensor target with a known positional relationship relative to said taxi path.10. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said means for estimating lateral displacement includes odometric means for sensing distance traveled by the aircraft.11. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said means for estimating lateral displacement includes means for estimating aircraft position using signals received from satellites.12. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said means for estimating lateral displacement includes ground installed pneumatic sensor means for sensing passage of at least one aircraft wheel over said pneumatic sensor means.13. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said means for estimating lateral displacement includes aircraft onboard computer memory means for storing data specifying the layout geometry of said taxi line and other taxi lines for a plurality of airports.14. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said automatic steering command generation means includes an aircraft on-board computer which receives a signal indicative of said lateral displacement and which processes said signal to generate said nosewheel steering angle command.15. The automatic control system of claim 14, wherein said computer also receives at least one additional feedback signal.16. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein said automatic steering command generation means includes an aircraft on-board computer which receives a signal indicative of said lateral displacement and which passes said signal through proportional and integral command generation paths to generate said nosewheel steering angle command.17. The automatic control system of claim 1, with pilot operable means for engaging and disengaging automatic ground steering.18. The automatic control system of claim 1, wherein pilot operation of said hand operable steering control input device when automatic ground steering is engaged will cause automatic ground steering to disengage.19. The automatic control system of claim 1, further comprising automatic steering means for preventing said aircraft from colliding with another object when sensor means for detecting an impending collision detect an impending collision.20. The automatic control system of claim 1, further comprising automatic braking means for preventing said aircraft from colliding with another object when sensor means for detecting an impending collision detect an impending collision.21. The automatic control system of claim 1, further comprising means for transmitting the nosewheel steering angle command from the automatic steering command generation means to an on-ground aircraft tractor towing the aircraft on the ground.22. The automatic control system of claim 1, further comprising means for transmitting information including said lateral displacement to an on-ground aircraft tractor towing the aircraft on the ground.23. The automatic control system of claim 1, further comprising means for estimating a second lateral displacement of the aircraft from a second taxi line and means for switching the taxiline being followed by switching said automatic steering command generation means from tending to zero said lateral displacement to tending to zero said second lateral displacement.24. The automatic control system of claim 1, further comprising means for annunciating failures of said automatic control system to said pilot.25. An automatic control system for directional control of an aircraft moving on the ground, comprising:a pilot operable steering control input device for making large authority directional control inputs; manual steering command generation means for generating a large steering authority nosewheel steering angle command from the pilot's input to said steering control input device; means for estimating lateral displacement of the aircraft from a desired taxi path, which desired taxi path may include turns requiring large steering authority for said aircraft to follow; automatic steering command generation means for generating a large steering authority nosewheel steering angle command which tends to zero said lateral displacement; and, nosewheel steering control means for positioning the nosewheel steering so as to follow the large steering authority nosewheel steering angle command from either the manual steering command generation means or the automatic steering command generation means depending on whether automatic ground steering is disengaged or engaged. 26. The automatic control system of claim 25, further comprising backdrive means for positioning said steering control input device when automatic ground steering is engaged, in such manner that the position of said steering control input device when the pilot is making no control input to said steering control input device would result in the manual steering command generation means generating a nosewheel steering angle command substantially equal to the nosewheel steering angle command being generated by the automatic steering command generation means if automatic ground steering were not engaged.27. The automatic control system of claim 25, wherein said manual steering command generation means comprises at least one position transducer which measures the position of said pilot operable steering control input device.28. The automatic control system of claim 25, wherein said-manual steering command generation means comprises at least one force transducer which measures the force exerted on said pilot operable steering control input device by the pilot.29. An automatic guidance system for aiding a pilot in precisely steering an aircraft moving on the ground comprising:at least one pilot operable steering input device for making directional control inputs; manual steering command generation means for generating a nosewheel steering angle command from the pilot's input to said pilot operable steering control input device; nosewheel steering control means for positioning the nosewheel steering so as to follow the nosewheel steering angle command from the manual steering command generation means; means for estimating displacement of the aircraft from a desired taxi path and for generating a lateral displacement signal indicative of said lateral displacement; automatic steering command generation means for generating a steering guidance command signal using said lateral displacement signal as an input; and steering command display means for displaying said steering guidance command signal to the pilot and for aiding the pilot in precisely steering the aircraft along said desired taxi path. 30. The automatic guidance system of claim 29, with pilot operable means for engaging and disengaging display of ground steering guidance commands.31. An automatic guidance system for directional control inputs;a pilot operable steering control input device for making directional control inputs; manual steering command generation means for generating a large steering authority nosewheel steering angle command from the pilot's input to said steering control input device; means for estimating lateral displacement of the aircraft from a desired taxi path, which desired taxi path may include turns requiring large steering authority for said aircraft to follow; automatic steering command generation means for generating a large steering authority steering angle command display for aiding the pilot in controlling the directional path of the aircraft so as to tend to zero said lateral displacement; and nosewheel steering control means for positioning the nosewheel steering so as to follow the large steering authority nosewheel steering angle command from the manual steering command generation means.