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A feed-dispersion system for hydrocarbon feeds of fluid catalytic cracking units is described, which comprises:a feed-injection system made up of two concentric conduits, where the atomization fluid flows through the inner conduit, while the liquid feed flows through the annular space formed by the

A feed-dispersion system for hydrocarbon feeds of fluid catalytic cracking units is described, which comprises:a feed-injection system made up of two concentric conduits, where the atomization fluid flows through the inner conduit, while the liquid feed flows through the annular space formed by the outer surface of the inner conduit and the inner surface of the outer conduit;an atomization unit having nozzles arranged in rows, with one row having central nozzles connected to the inner conduit for atomization fluid, and two or more rows of side nozzles, connected to the outer feed conduit, the central nozzles and side nozzles of the atomization unit being geometrically placed so that the energy of the atomization fluid is fully transferred by contact to the flow of feed, this resulting in the complete atomization of the feed;a mixing chamber formed by the edges of the central nozzles, the dimensions of which are able to prevent the coalescence of the formed oil droplets.

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1. A feed-dispersion system for fluid catalytic cracking units (FCC) for introducing a liquid hydrocarbon feed atomized by an atomization fluid in a reactor for fluid catalytic cracking, wherein said system comprises:a feed injection system made up of two concentric conduits, an inner conduit and an

1. A feed-dispersion system for fluid catalytic cracking units (FCC) for introducing a liquid hydrocarbon feed atomized by an atomization fluid in a reactor for fluid catalytic cracking, wherein said system comprises:a feed injection system made up of two concentric conduits, an inner conduit and an outer conduit of substantially circular section, wherein the atomization fluid is introduced through a first flange and flows through the inner conduit while the liquid hydrocarbon feed is introduced through a second flange and flows through the annular space formed by the outer surface of the inner conduit and the inner surface of the outer conduit; andan atomizing unit comprising nozzles arranged in rows, with a central row formed by the sequence of nozzles connected on one end to the inner conduit of atomization fluid and connected to a mixing chamber on the other end, and by at least one side row formed by the sequence of side nozzles connected on one end to the outer feed conduit and connected to the mixing chamber on the other end, where in this unit:the central nozzle(s) and side nozzle(s) of the said atomizing unit are geometrically placed so as to transfer, by contact, the energy of the atomization fluid to the flow of liquid feed;the mixing chamber is formed by the combination of discharge zones of the central nozzle(s) of atomization fluid; andthe feed and atomization fluid are admixed in the mixing chamber and form a homogeneous spray having a fan-like shape which exits the outlet of the mixing chamber in an unobstructed way and in a direction substantially parallel to the symmetry axes of the central nozzles.2. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon feed is a light gasoil, a heavy gasoil or an atmospheric residue, alone or admixed.3. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the atomization fluid is an inert gas used between 1 and 5% by weight based on the weight of the feed.4. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 3, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen.5. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 3, wherein the inert gas is fuel gas.6. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 5, wherein for each central nozzle of atomization fluid there are at least two feed side nozzles.7. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 3, wherein the inert gas is steam.8. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 3, wherein the atomization fluid is an inert gas used between 2 and 4% by weight based on the weight of the feed.9. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein for each central nozzle of atomization fluid there is at least one feed side nozzle.10. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the number of atomization fluid nozzles varies between 1 to 12.11. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 10, wherein the number of atomization fluid nozzles varies between 4 to 9.12. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 10, wherein the number of atomization fluid nozzles varies between 3 to 7.13. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the symmetry axes of the central nozzles are parallel to the symmetry axes of the inner/outer conduits.14. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the symmetry axes of the central nozzles are non-parallel to the symmetry axes of the inner/outer conduits.15. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the symmetry axes of the side nozzles are non-parallel to the symmetry axes of the inner/outer conduits.16. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber is the geometric locus formed by the sequence of free surfaces downstream of each contact point of the atomization fluid with the feed.17. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 16, wherein in the mixing chamber the dimensional relationship L1/L2 between respectively length and width of the bottom of said chamber is comprised in the range of from 0.5 to 20.18. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 17, wherein in the mixing chamber the dimensional relationship L1/L2 between respectively length and width of the bottom of said chamber is comprised in the range of from 1 to 10.19. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 18, wherein in the mixing chamber the dimensional relationship L1/L2 between respectively length and width of the bottom of said chamber is comprised in the range of from 2 to 7.20. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 16, wherein the mixing chamber comprises an opening angle α, measured in the direction of the sequence of nozzles of atomization fluid.21. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 20, wherein the opening angle α varies between 5° and 90°.22. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 21, wherein the opening angle α varies between 10° and 60°.23. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 16, wherein the mixing chamber comprises an opening angle β measured perpendicularly to the sequence of atomization fluid nozzle (110).24. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 23, wherein the opening angle β of chamber (101) varies between zero and 20°.25. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 24, wherein the opening angle β of chamber (101) varies between 1° and 12°.26. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the central nozzle for atomization fluid is cylindrical.27. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the central nozzle for atomization fluid is convergent.28. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the central nozzle for atomization fluid is convergent/divergent.29. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 28, wherein the edges of the converging section of the atomization fluid nozzle comprise sloping angles between 30 and 120°, while the diverging section comprises angles from zero to 90°.30. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 29, wherein the edges of the converging section of the atomization fluid nozzle comprise sloping angles between 40° and 90°.31. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 29, wherein the edges of the converging section of the atomization fluid nozzle comprise sloping angles between 50° and 80°.32. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 29, wherein the edges of the diverging section comprise angles from 5° to 30°.33. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 29, wherein the edges of the diverging section comprise angles from 6° to 14°.34. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the side nozzle for liquid feed is cylindrical.35. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the side nozzle for liquid feed is convergent.36. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein the convergent side nozzle comprises an inlet, an inner bevel and a discharge orifice.37. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein 2, 4, 6 or more of said systems are radially coupled to the riser of a fluid catalytic cracking equipment, at one, two or more riser levels, at an elevation angle between 30 and 70°.38. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, wherein for each central nozzle of atomization fluid there are two feed side nozzles.39. A feed-dispersion system according to claim 1, where the central nozzles are laterally juxtaposed.