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The invention concerns a transverse flux electrical machine operating with alternating current, having a first element having an alternate arrangement of excitation cores and of flux return cores and a winding of electrical conductors, the winding of electrical conductors being wound as a toroid, in

The invention concerns a transverse flux electrical machine operating with alternating current, having a first element having an alternate arrangement of excitation cores and of flux return cores and a winding of electrical conductors, the winding of electrical conductors being wound as a toroid, inside all said excitation cores; a second element having an exciter section comprising two toothed magnetic structures, each toothed magnetic structure comprising a number of slots equal in number to the total number of excitation cores and of flux return cores, the corresponding slots of each magnetic structure being toothed by being aligned; a magnetized sub-assembly is inserted inside each indentation so that an alternating arrangement of magnetic north poles and south poles is produced in each of these magnetic toothed structures of said exciter section; an air gap between the first element and the second element; at least one of the first element and of the second element being capable of rotating around a rotation axis that is common to the first element and to the second element.

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1. A transverse flux electrical machine, comprisinga first element having an exciter section comprising a number of toothed magnetic structures;a second element having excitation cores, and a winding of electrical conductors, said winding of electrical conductors wound so as to enclose all of said e

1. A transverse flux electrical machine, comprisinga first element having an exciter section comprising a number of toothed magnetic structures;a second element having excitation cores, and a winding of electrical conductors, said winding of electrical conductors wound so as to enclose all of said excitation cores; said second element is located on a single side of said first element;a single planar air gap between said first element and said second element parallel to an axis of rotation of any one of said first and said second element;each of said toothed magnetic structures is formed from a single integral piece which comprises a number of slots and teeth, said teeth facing said air gap;inside each said slots, a magnetic block formed by two permanent magnets and one flux concentrator is inserted in such a manner that an alternating arrangement of magnetic north poles and south poles is formed in each of said toothed magnetic structures of said exciter section, and said north poles expel the magnetic field through the air gap, and said south poles absorb the magnetic field that passes through the air gap, said permanent magnets are oriented in a direction that is perpendicular to an axis of rotation of any one of said first and said second element.2. A machine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising flux return cores placed in a space provided between each of said excitation cores and without contact with said excitation cores, wherein said flux return cores are in contact with the air gap.3. A machine as claimed in claim 2, in which largest dimension of each said flux return cores is inferior to a distance between two edges of each said excitation cores, wherein said edges are in contact with said air gap.4. A machine as claimed in claim 2, in which the winding is bounded along three sides with a plurality of excitation cores, and on the fourth side with a plurality of flux return cores.5. A machine as claimed in claim 1, in which in addition to said magnetic block, in each said slot, there is inserted a non magnetic block that is placed between a bottom of the slot and said magnetic block.6. A machine as claimed in claim 1, in which in addition to said magnetic block, in each said slot, an air space is provided between a bottom of the slot and said magnetic block.7. A machine as claimed in claim 1, in which said flux concentrator is placed between said two permanent magnets.8. A machine as claimed in claim 1, in which said winding runs in a direction that is parallel to the direction of movement of one of the first element and the second element.9. A machine as claimed in claim 1, in which the thickness of the air gap between the ends of said excitation cores and said magnetic blocks is shorter than the distance between the ends of said excitation cores and the teeth separating said slots of said toothed magnetic structures.10. A machine as claimed in claim 1, in which said winding of electrical conductors is supplied with a single phase alternating current.11. A machine as claimed in claim 1, in which at least one of said first element and said second element can rotate around a rotation axis that is common to said first element and said second element.12. A machine as claimed in claim 11, in which the winding is toroid-shaped, wound parallel to the direction of rotation of the second element.13. A machine as claimed in claim 11, in which said exciter section is located outside of said first element, a distance between the rotation axis and said magnetic blocks is larger than a distance between said rotation axis and said winding of electrical conductors.14. A machine as claimed in claim 11, in which said exciter section is located inside said first element, in such a manner that the a distance between said rotation axis and said magnetic blocks is shorter than a distance between said rotation axis and said winding of electrical conductors.15. An electrical apparatus comprising a plurality of electrical transverse flux machines according to claim 11,said machines being placed side by side in axial orientation;said machines sharing a common rotation axis;said windings of electrical conductors supplied with a single phase alternating current.16. An electrical apparatus comprising a plurality of electrical transverse flux machines according to claim 11,said machines being placed side by side in axial orientation;said machines sharing a common rotation axis;said exciter section having a circumferential offset,the winding of electrical conductors being supplied with polyphased alternating currents, that are independent for each said transverse flux machines located on said rotation axis.17. A machine as claimed in claim 11, in which the toothed magnetic structures are of a generally cylindrical shape and are centered on said rotation axis.18. A machine as claimed in claim 1, in which the toothed magnetic structures are used in a linear configuration.19. A machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said single integral piece forming said toothed magnetic structure is a stack of identically stamped magnetic laminations.20. Transverse flux electrical machine, comprising a first element having an exciter section, and a second element, made of a winding of electrical conductors, which winding is fixed, characterized in that the exciter section of the first element is made of two toothed magnetic structures, which toothed magnetic structures are insulated from one another by means of a non-magnetic insulant, which toothed magnetic structures each contain a number of slots whose number is equal to the number of magnetic poles of said electrical machine, magnetic blocks being inserted inside said slots, in a quantity corresponding to one magnetic block per slot, said second element is provided on a single side of said first element, each said toothed magnetic structures is formed from a single integral piece, said magnetic block consists of two permanent magnets and one flux concentrator, said permanent magnets are oriented in a direction that is perpendicular to an axis of rotation of any one of said first and said second element;said second element being made of horseshoe shaped cores, in a quantity that is equal in number to half the number of said magnetic poles, and of flux return cores, whose quantity is equal to half the number of said magnetic poles, said horseshoe shaped cores and flux return cores being disposed peripherally in an alternating arrangement, said horseshoe shaped cores and said flux return cores are not in contact, are located on one side only with respect to said exciter section of the first element and are separated from said first element by means of single planar air gap parallel to an axis of rotation of any one of said first and said second element, the radial faces of two respective ends of said horseshoe shaped cores and flux return cores are generally facing two of said magnetic blocks;said winding of electrical conductors being located inside said horseshoe shaped cores.21. A machine as claimed in claim 20, in which the first element is a rotor rotating around a rotation axis.22. A machine as claimed in claim 21, in which the winding is disposed circularly in a direction that is parallel to the direction of rotation of the first element.23. A machine as claimed in claim 20, in which the magnetic blocks comprise a non-magnetic block, the non-magnetic block being located between the bottom of the slot and the magnetic flux concentrator, and inside said magnetic blocks, each magnetic flux concentrator is insulated from said teeth by means of the two said permanent magnets, which have magnetization directions that am mutually opposed, in such a manner that said concentrators of magnetic flux combine the magnetic fluxes produced by their permanent magnets, and redirect them radially towards the air gap and towards the second element, forming in the exciter pert of the first element an alternating arrangement of magnetic north poles and magnetic south poles.24. Transverse flux electrical machine according to claim 23, characterized in that a shortest air gap distance between the ends of said horseshoe shaped cores and said magnetic flux concentrators, is shorter than the distance between the ends of said horseshoe shaped cores and the teeth of said toothed magnetic structures, and that a shortest air gap distance between the ends of said flux return cores and said magnetic flux concentrators is shorter than the distance between the ends of said flux return cores and the teeth of said toothed magnetic structures.25. Transverse flux electrical machine according to claim 20, characterized in that a largest dimension of each said flux return core is smaller than the distance between two edges of each said horseshoe shaped soft iron core and in contact with the air gap, said edges being furthest apart along a plane including the air gap and parallel to the direction of movement of said first element.26. Transverse flux electrical machine according to claim 20, characterized in that said exciter section is radially arranged on the first element.27. Transverse flux electrical machine according to claim 20, characterized in that said exciter section of the first element is located outside said second element, in such a manner that the distance between the rotation axis and said magnetic blocks is larger than the distance between said rotation axis and said winding of electrical conductors.28. Transverse flux electrical machine according to claim 20, characterized in that said exciter section of the first element is located inside said second element, in such a manner that the distance between said rotation axis and said magnetic blocks is smaller than the distance between said rotation axis and said winding of electrical conductors.29. Transverse flux electrical machine, characterized in that a plurality of transverse flux electrical machines according to claim 20, placed side by side in axial orientation, share one common said rotation axis, having said windings of electrical conductors of each of said machines supplied with a single phase alternating current.30. A machine as claimed in claim 20, wherein said single integral piece forming said toothed magnetic structure is a stack of identically stamped magnetic laminations.