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A system and method for determining at least one parameter related to a train traversing on a railway track is provided. The system comprises a sensor coupled to a detection location and configured for sensing acoustic signals at the detection location on the railway track and a processor coupled to

A system and method for determining at least one parameter related to a train traversing on a railway track is provided. The system comprises a sensor coupled to a detection location and configured for sensing acoustic signals at the detection location on the railway track and a processor coupled to the sensor and configured for analyzing a temporal progression of a frequency spectrum corresponding to the acoustic signals

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1. A method for determining at least one parameter related to a train traversing on a railway track, the method comprising:(a) sensing high frequency acoustic signals at a detection location on the railway track; (b) obtaining a high frequency spectrum of the high frequency acoustic signals; (c) obt

1. A method for determining at least one parameter related to a train traversing on a railway track, the method comprising:(a) sensing high frequency acoustic signals at a detection location on the railway track; (b) obtaining a high frequency spectrum of the high frequency acoustic signals; (c) obtaining a temporal progression of the high frequency spectrum; and analyzing the temporal progression to detect an approach of the train towards the detection location on the railway track. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing the high frequency spectrum further comprises determining a speed of the train on the railway track.3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after detecting the approach of the train, detecting mid frequency acoustic signals on the railway track transmitted by the train, and analyzing the temporal progression of a mid frequency spectrum corresponding to the mid frequency acoustic signals to determine the speed of the train on the railway track.4. The method of claim 1, further comprising,as the train is traversing over the detection location, detecting low frequency acoustic signals on the railway track, and analyzing a temporal progression of a low frequency spectrum corresponding to the low frequency acoustic signals to determine at least one parameter related to a train characteristic. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one parameter related to the train characteristic is selected from the group consisting of train length, flat wheels, number of cars in the train, number of axles, sliding wheels and axle weight.6. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing further comprises determining a two dimensional time frequency representation of the received signal.7. The method of claim 6, wherein the determining further comprises determining a distance between a source of the acoustic signal and the detection location using the two dimensional time frequency representation.8. The method of claim 6, wherein the determining further comprises:detecting a rail break on at least one rail of the railway track; and locating a position of the rail break. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the locating the position of the rail break comprises using the two dimensional time frequency representation.10. The method of claim 8, wherein the locating the position of the rail break comprises using a speed of the train and a difference between a time of detection of the discontinuity and a time of train passage over the detection location.11. The method of claim 8, wherein the rail break is detected by detecting a discontinuity in the high frequency signals to determine the rail break.12. The method of claim 8, wherein the rail break is detected by using an adaptive threshold, wherein the adaptive threshold is based on an estimate of a noise level in a frequency spectrum corresponding to the received acoustic signals.13. The method of claim 8, wherein the rail break is detected by comparing high frequency signals on both rails of the railway track.14. A system for determining it least one parameter related to a train traversing on a railway track, the system comprising:(a) a sensor coupled to a detection location and configured for sensing high frequency acoustic signals at the detection location on the railway track; and (b) a processor coupled to the sensor and configured for obtaining a high frequency spectrum of the high frequency acoustic signals, obtaining a temporal progression of the high frequency spectrum, and analyzing the temporal progression to detect an approach of the train towards the detection location on the railway track. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor analyzes the high frequency spectrum to determine a speed of the train on the railway track.16. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured for, after detecting the approach of the train, detecting mid frequency acoustic signals on the railway track transmitted by the train, and analyzing the temporal progression of a frequency spectrum corresponding to the mid frequency acoustic signals to determine the speed of the train on the railway track.17. The system of claim 14, wherein the sensor is further configured for:detecting low frequency acoustic signals on the railway track transmitted by the train, and the processor is further configured for analyzing a temporal progression of a low frequency spectrum corresponding to the low frequency acoustic signals to determine at least one parameter related to a train characteristic, when the train traverses over the sensor. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the at least one parameter related to train characteristic is selected from the group consisting train length, flat wheels, number of cars in the train, number of axles, sliding wheels and axle weight.19. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured for determining a two dimensional time frequency representation of the received signal.20. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured for determining a distance between a source of the acoustic signal and the detection location using the two dimensional time frequency representation.21. The system of claim 20, wherein the processor is further configured for:detecting a rail break on at least one rail of the railway track; and locating a position of the rail break. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor is configured for locating the rail break using the two-dimensional time frequency representation.23. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor is further configured for locating the rail break by using a speed of the train and a difference between a time of detection of the discontinuity and a time of train passage over the detection location.24. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor is further configured for detecting the rail break by detecting a discontinuity in the high frequency signals.25. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor is configured for detecting the rail break using an adaptive threshold, wherein the adaptive threshold is based on an estimate of a noise level in a frequency spectrum corresponding to the received acoustic signals.26. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor is configured for detecting the rail break on one rail of the railway track by comparing high frequency signals on both rails of the railway track.27. The system of claim 14, further comprising an analog to digital converter coupled to the transducer and configured for converting the electrical signals to corresponding digital signals, the digital signals being provided to the processor.28. The system of claim 14, wherein the sensor comprises:a high frequency sensor configured for sensing high frequency acoustic signals; and a low frequency sensor configured for sensing low frequency acoustic signals. 29. A system to determine at least one parameter related to a train characteristic, the system comprising:a sensor configured for detecting low frequency acoustic signals at a detection location on a railway track, as the train is traversing over the detection location on the railway track, and a processor configured for obtaining a low frequency spectrum of low frequency acoustic signals, obtaining a temporal progression of the low frequency spectrum, and analyzing the temporal progression to determine at least one parameter related to the train characteristic. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the at least one parameter related to the train characteristic is selected from the group consisting of train length, flat wheels, number of cars in the train, number of axles, sliding wheels and axle weight.31. A method for determining a position of a rail break, the method comprising:analyzing acoustic signals propagated by a train while traversing over the railway track to determine a speed of the train: detecting a rail break on the railway track at a time of detection. determining a difference between the time of detection and a time of train passage over a detection location. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the rail break is detected by using an adaptive threshold, wherein the adaptive threshold is based on an estimate of a noise level in a frequency spectrum corresponding to the received acoustic signals.33. The method of claim 31, wherein the rail break is detected by comparing high frequency signals on both rails of the railway track.34. The method of claim 31, wherein the position of the rail break is determined by analyzing a two dimensional time frequency representation of the received acoustic signals.35. A system to determine at least one parameter related to train traveling on a railway track, the system comprising:a sensor configured for detecting broadband acoustic signals at a detection location on the railway track; and a processor configured for obtaining a broadband frequency spectrum of the broadband acoustic signals, obtaining a temporal progression of the broadband frequency spectrum, and analyzing the temporal progression to determine at least one parameter related to a train characteristic. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the at least one parameter related to the train characteristic is selected from the group consisting of train length, flat wheels, number of cars in the train, number of axles, sliding wheels and axle weight.37. The system of claim 35, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a two dimensional time frequency representation at the broadband acoustic signals.38. The system of claim 37, wherein the processor is further configured for detecting a rail break on at least one rail of the railway track and locating a position of the rail break.39. The system of claim 37, wherein processor is configured for determining the rail break by analyzing the broadband frequency spectrum.40. The system of claim 37, wherein the processor is configured for detecting the rail break and locating the position of the rail break using the two dimensional time frequency representation of the broadband signal.