IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0385588
(2003-03-11)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
Womble Carlyle Sandridge &
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
51 인용 특허 :
116 |
초록
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Working cycle for internal combustion engines, with methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge density, temperature, pressures and turbulence (among other characteristics). At least one embodiment describes a supercharged internal combustion engine in which a supercharging portion of air
Working cycle for internal combustion engines, with methods and apparatuses for managing combustion charge density, temperature, pressures and turbulence (among other characteristics). At least one embodiment describes a supercharged internal combustion engine in which a supercharging portion of air is compressed, cooled and injected late in the compression process. A sub-normal compression ratio or low “effective” compression ratio initial air charge is received by a cylinder/compression chamber on the engine intake process, which during compression produces only a fraction of heat-of-compression as that produced by a conventional engine. During compression process, dense, cooled supercharging air charge is injected, adding density and turbulence above that of conventional engines with low “effective” compression ratio for this portion of air charge also. Compression continues and near piston top dead center, the air charge being mixed with fuel is ignited for power pulse followed by scavenging.
대표청구항
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1. A method of operating an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft driven by at least one piston moving through at least a compression stroke and an expansion stroke aided by combustion taking place within a cylinder, said method comprising the steps ofintroducing air through a first port in
1. A method of operating an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft driven by at least one piston moving through at least a compression stroke and an expansion stroke aided by combustion taking place within a cylinder, said method comprising the steps ofintroducing air through a first port into a cylinder; closing the first port at a point selected from the group consisting of a point prior to the beginning of the compression stroke and a point after the compression stroke has begun, thereby capturing a first, light air charge in the cylinder and thereby defining an effective compression ratio lower than or equal to the expansion ratio; compressing air outside the cylinder; cooling the compressed air outside the cylinder; and introducing the cooled, compressed air through a second port into the cylinder at some point after compression has begun, wherein the second port is open only while the first port is closed. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:varying the point-in-time during travel of the piston at which the cooled, compressed air is introduced through the second port during at least two of the power cycles. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of varying the point-in-time includes the steps of:introducing cooled, compressed air through the second port during a first of the plurality of power cycles when the piston is at a first point in its compression process; and introducing cooled, compressed air through the second port during a second of the plurality of power cycles when the piston is at a second point in its compression process, the second point being closer to top-dead-center than the first point. 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the step of introducing air through a first port includes the step of introducing during each power cycle air through the first port into the cylinder; wherein the step of introducing cooled, compressed air includes introducing during each power cycle cooled, compressed air through a second port into the cylinder, including the steps of varying the volume of the air introduced through the first port and varying the pressure at which the cooled, compressed air is introduced into the second port during at least two of the power cycles. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:expelling from the cylinder, during the compression stroke, at least a portion of any air in the cylinder; after the expelling step, introducing the cooled, compressed air into the cylinder after compression has begun within the cylinder; mixing the air charge with fuel; and igniting the mixture near top dead center of the compression process. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the introducing step includes the step of introducing the cooled, compressed air at the end of the compression process.7. The method of claim 5, wherein the cylinder is devoid of air immediately before the cooled, compressed air is first introduced.8. The method of claim 5, wherein there is no appreciable pressure in the cylinder when the cooled, compressed air is first introduced.9. The method of claim 5, wherein the pressure in the cylinder is approximately ambient at the moment the cooled, compressed air is first introduced.10. The method of claim 1, wherein the second port is open only during the compression stroke.11. The method claim 1, wherein the second port is open during a compression stroke of the piston.12. The method of claim 1, wherein said second port opens during the compression stroke, including at the beginning of the compression stroke or at any time thereafter during the compression stroke.13. The method of claim 1, wherein said second port opens prior to the beginning of the compression stroke and closes after the compression stroke has begun.14. The method of claim 1,wherein introducing the cooled, compressed air includes opening the second port and closing the second port; and wherein the method further comprises varying the point in time during travel of the piston at which the second port is closed during at least two of the power cycles. 15. An internal combustion engine, comprising an engine block defining at least one cylinder therein, a first inlet port and a second inlet port communicating between said cylinder and a source of air, an exhaust port through which exhausted gases are expelled from said cylinder, a piston movably mounted within said cylinder, at least one compressor in fluid communication via a conduit between said source of air and at least said second port; said second port being open only while said first port is closed, said engine further comprising a cooler operatively connected between said second port and an outlet to said at least one compressor; and said engine being further characterized by a power cycle having an effective compression ratio lower than or equal to the expansion ratio and by the presence in the cylinder of a cool, dense, heavy air charge which charge was pre-compressed and pre-cooled outside the cylinder and was introduced into the cylinder at some point after the compression process has begun.16. The engine of 15, wherein said piston moves through at least an intake stroke and a compression stoke, said engine further comprising control mechanism selectively timed to close said first port prior to completion of the piston intake stroke.17. The engine of claim 15, wherein said piston moves through at least an intake stroke and a compression stoke, said engine further comprising control mechanism selectively timed to close said first port only after the compression stroke has begun.18. The engine of claim 15, further comprising means for directing low pressure air through said first port and into said cylinder and for directing air highly compressed by said at least one compressor through said second port and into said cylinder during a compression stroke of said piston.19. The engine of claim 15, wherein said second port is open only during a compression stroke of said piston.20. The engine of claim 15, wherein said second port is open only after compression has begun during a compression stroke of said piston.21. The engine of claim 15, wherein said second port opens during the compression stroke, including at the beginning of the compression stroke or at any time thereafter during the compression stroke.22. The engine of claim 15, wherein said piston moves through at least an intake stroke and a compression stroke, said engine further comprising control mechanism configured to selectively vary the point in time during travel of the piston at which the second port is closed during at least two of the power cycles.23. A method of operating an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft driven by at least one piston moving through at least a compression stroke and an expansion stroke aided by combustion taking place within a cylinder, said method comprising the steps ofsupplying air through a first port into a cylinder; compressing air outside the cylinder; cooling the compressed air outside the cylinder; and supplying the cooled, compressed air through a second port into the cylinder, wherein the second port is open only while the first port is closed and wherein the step of supplying the cooled, compressed air includes the steps of opening the second port prior to the beginning of the compression stroke and closing the second port after the compression stroke has begun. 24. An internal combustion engine, comprising an engine block defining at least one cylinder therein, a first inlet port and a second inlet port communicating between said cylinder and a source of air, an exhaust port through which exhausted gases are expelled from said cylinder, a piston movably mounted within said cylinder, at least one compressor in fluid communication via a conduit between said source of air and at least said second port; said second port being open only while said first port is closed, said engine further comprising a cooler operatively connected between said second port and an outlet to said at least one compressor; and wherein said piston moves through at least an intake stroke and a compression stoke, said engine further comprising control mechanism selectively timed to close said first port at a point selected from the group consisting of a point prior to the completion of the piston intake stroke and a point after the compression stroke has begun.25. An internal combustion engine, comprising an engine block defining at least one cylinder therein, a first inlet port and a second inlet port communicating between said cylinder and a source ol air, an exhaust port through which exhausted gases are expelled from said cylinder, a piston movably mounted within said cylinder, at least one compressor in fluid communication via a conduit between said source of air and at least said second port; said second port being open only while said first port is closed, said engine further comprising a cooler operatively connected between said second port and an outlet to said at least one compressor; and, wherein said second port is open during at least a portion of an intake stroke of the piston.26. The engine of claim 25, wherein said piston moves through at least an intake stroke and a compression stroke, said engine further comprising control mechanism selectively timed to open said second port during the intake stroke.27. An internal combustion engine, comprising an engine block defining at least one chamber therein, a first inlet port and a second inlet port communicating between said chamber and a source of air, an exhaust port through which exhausted gases are expelled from said chamber, a piston movably mounted within said chamber, at least one compressor in fluid communication via a conduit between said source of air and at least said second port; said second port being open only while said first port is closed, said engine further comprising a cooler operatively connected between said second port and an outlet to said at least one compressor, wherein said chamber is defined by at least one chamber wall and by the piston, and wherein said first inlet port and said second inlet port communicate with said chamber through separate apertures formed in said chamber wall.28. The engine of claim 27, wherein said chamber wall includes at least a cylinder wall portion and a head wall portion, and said first inlet port communicates with said chamber through an aperture in said cylinder wall portion.
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