초록

Formulations for the administration through pressurized metered dose aerosol inhalers containing an anticholineric drug in solution in a hydrofluorocarbon propellant, a cosolvent and a low volatility component, and the use thereof in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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1. A metered dose inhaler which upon actuation dispenses a dose of an anticholinergic ammonium compound ranging from 60 to 640 μg, and which contains a solution comprising:at least one solubilized anticholinergic quaternary ammonium compound in an amount ranging from 0.11-1.14 wt. %, at least one hy

1. A metered dose inhaler which upon actuation dispenses a dose of an anticholinergic ammonium compound ranging from 60 to 640 μg, and which contains a solution comprising:at least one solubilized anticholinergic quaternary ammonium compound in an amount ranging from 0.11-1.14 wt. %, at least one hydrofluoroalkane propellant, 15 wt. % or less of a cosolvent which is at least one alcohol having higher polarity than the propellant, and at least one low volatility component which has a vapor pressure at 25° C. not more than 0.1 kPa. 2. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the anticholinergic compound is ipratropium bromide.3. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the anticholinergic compound is ipratropium bromide in a concentration ranging from 0.14 to 0.28% by weight.4. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the anticholinergic compound is oxitropium bromide or tiotropium bromide.5. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the hydrofluroalkane propellant is HFA 134a, HFA 227 or mixtures thereof.6. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the cosolvent contains ethanol.7. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the cosolvent does not contain ethanol.8. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the solution contains 0.2% to 6% of the low volatility component.9. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the low volatility component is propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or glycerol, or admixtures thereof.10. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, in which the propellant is HFA 134a, the low volatility component is glycerol and the cosolvent is ethanol.11. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein said solution contains 13% by weight ethanol as the cosolvent and 1% by weight glycerol as the low volatility component.12. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein the solution consists essentially of:one or more anticholinergic quaternary ammonium compound(s) in an amount ranging from 0.11-1.14 wt. %, at least one hydrofluoroalkane propellant, 15 wt. % or less of a cosolvent, which cosolvent is one or more alcohol(s) having higher polarity than the propellant, and 0.2% to 6% of one or more low volatility component(s). 13. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, wherein part or all of the inner metal surface(s) are made of anodized aluminum, stainless steel or are coated with an inert organic coating agent.14. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, which is equipped with an actuator with an orifice diameter ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mm.15. The metered dose inhaler of claim 1, which comprises a metering chamber with a volume ranging from 25 μl to 100 μl.16. A method for treating bronchospasm, cough, hypersecretion, or dyspnea comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a dose of an anticholinergic ammonium compound ranging from 60 to 640 μg from the inhaler of claim 1.17. A method for treating a bronchopulmonary disease or a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a dose of an anticholinergic ammonium compound ranging from 60 to 640 μg from the inhaler of claim 1.18. The method of claim 17, wherein said disease is chronic bronchitis.19. The method of claim 17, wherein said disease is asthma.20. The method of claim 17, wherein said disease is emphysema.21. A process for making the metered dose inhaler of claim 1, comprising:filling through a value the components forming said solution into the metered dose inhaler in the following order: anticholinergic compound(s), low volatility component(s), cosolvent(s) and finally propellant(s). 22. A composition comprising:at least one solubilized anticholinergic quaternary ammonium compound in an amount ranging from 0.11-1.14 wt. %, at least one hydrofluoroalkane propellant, 15 wt. % or less of a cosolvent which is at least one alcohol having higher polarity than the propellant, and 0.2% to 6% of at least one low volatility component which has a vapor pressure at 25° C. not more than 0.1 kPa. 23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the anticholinergic compound is ipratropium bromide in a concentration ranging from 0.14 to 0.28% by weight.24. A fine particle dose of at least one anticholinergic quaternary ammonium compound obtained from an aerosol of the composition of claim 22, wherein at least 30% of said fine particles have a size less than 4.7 μm.