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A method for parallel concatenated (Turbo) encoding and decoding. Turbo encoders receive a sequence of input data tuples and encode them. The input sequence may correspond to a sequence of an original data source, or to an already coded data sequence such as provided by a Reed-Solomon encoder. A tu

A method for parallel concatenated (Turbo) encoding and decoding. Turbo encoders receive a sequence of input data tuples and encode them. The input sequence may correspond to a sequence of an original data source, or to an already coded data sequence such as provided by a Reed-Solomon encoder. A turbo encoder generally comprises two or more encoders separated by one or more interleavers. The input data tuples may be interleaved using a modulo scheme in which the interleaving is according to some method (such as block or random interleaving) with the added stipulation that the input tuples may be interleaved only to interleaved positions having the same modulo-N (where N is an integer) as they have in the input data sequence. If all the input tuples are encoded by all encoders then output tuples can be chosen sequentially from the encoders and no tuples will be missed. If the input tuples comprise multiple bits, the bits may be interleaved independently to interleaved positions having the same modulo-N and the same bit position. This may improve the robustness of the code. A first encoder may have no interleaver or all encoders may have interleavers, whether the input tuple bits are interleaved independently or not. Modulo type interleaving also allows decoding in parallel.

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What is claimed is: 1. A modulo-N turbo-encoder for encoding an information signal the modulo-N turbo-encoder comprising: N+1 interleavers for interleaving the information signal and producing an interleaved information signal, where N is an integer greater than one; and N+1 constituent encoders fo

What is claimed is: 1. A modulo-N turbo-encoder for encoding an information signal the modulo-N turbo-encoder comprising: N+1 interleavers for interleaving the information signal and producing an interleaved information signal, where N is an integer greater than one; and N+1 constituent encoders for encoding the interleaved information signal, wherein N out of the N+1 interleavers comprise separable tuple (ST) interleavers. 2. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 1 wherein the N+1 constituent encoders are nonsystematic encoders. 3. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 1 wherein the N+1 constituent encoders are convolutional encoders. 4. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 2 wherein the N+1 nonsystematic constituent encoders are recursive encoders. 5. The module-N turbo-encoder of claim 1 wherein the N+1 interleavers are odd-even interleavers. 6. The modulo-N turbo-encodes of claim 1 wherein the N+1 interleavers are bit interleavers. 7. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 5 further comprising: a selector that selects an odd encoding from the encoded information signal, and an even encoding from the encoded interleaved information signal; and means for concatenating the selected odd encoding to the selected even encoding to form a composite signal. 8. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 7 further comprising a signal mapper that accepts the composite signal. 9. The modulo-N turbo encoder of claim 1 wherein the N+1 constituent encoders are modulo-N turbo trellis encoders. 10. A modulo-N turbo-encoder for encoding an information signal the modulo-N turbo-encoder comprising: N interleavers for interleaving the information signal and forming N interleaved versions of the information signal, where N is an integer greater than one; and N+1 constituent encoders for encoding the information signal and for encoding the N interleaved versions of the information signal, wherein the N interleavers comprise separable tuple (ST) interleavers. 11. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 wherein the N+1 constituent encoders are nonsystematic encoders. 12. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 further comprising: a selector that alternately selects between the encoded information signal and the interleaved information signal and provides the result as a concatenated signal; and a mapper that accepts the concatenated signal and performs a mapping on it. 13. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 wherein the N+1 constituent encoders are recursive encoders. 14. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 wherein the N+1 constituent encoders are convolutional encoders. 15. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 wherein the N interleavers are bit interleavers. 16. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 further comprising: a selector that selects a first encoding from the encoded information signal and selects N+1 encodings from the encoded interleaved information signal; and a mapper that accepts selecced encodings iron the selector. 17. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 wherein the N interleavers are random inerleavers. 18. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 wherein the N interleavers are block interleavers. 19. The modulo-N turbo-encoder of claim 10 wherein the N+1 constituent encoders are modulo-N turbo trellis encoders. 20. An apparatus for communicating data, the apparatus comprising: a modulo-N turbo-encoder for encoding the data to produce encoded data, wherein N is an integer greater than one; means for communicating the encoded data across a channel; and a modulo-N decoder for decoding the encoded data received from the channel, wherein the modulo-N turbo-encoder includes: N+1 interleavers for interleaving the data to produce interleaved data; and N+1 constituent encoders for encoding the interleaved data, wherein N out of the N+1 interleavers comprise separable tuple (ST) interleavers. 21. An apparatus for communicating data, the apparatus comprising: a modulo-N turbo-encoder for encoding the data to produce encoded data, wherein N is an integer greater than one; means for communicating the encoded data across a channel; and a modulo-N decoder for decoding the encoded data received from the channel, wherein the modulo-N turbo-encoder includes: N interleavets for interleaving the data and forming N interleaved versions of the data; and N+1 constituent encoders for encoding the data and for encoding the N interleaved versions of the data, wherein the N interleavers comprise separable tuple (ST) interleavers. 22. The apparatus as in claim 20 wherein the modulo-N decoder is a modulo-N parallel decoder. 23. The apparatus as in claim 21 wherein the modulo-N decoder is a modulo-N parallel decoder.