The invention concerns an exhaust gas turbocharger (1 ) having a shaft (2) on which a turbine wheel (4) and a compressor wheel (3) sit and which is guided in radial bearings (5, 6) and in at least one axial bearing (9), which is characterized in that the radial bearings (5, 6) are embodied as passiv
The invention concerns an exhaust gas turbocharger (1 ) having a shaft (2) on which a turbine wheel (4) and a compressor wheel (3) sit and which is guided in radial bearings (5, 6) and in at least one axial bearing (9), which is characterized in that the radial bearings (5, 6) are embodied as passive magnetic bearings having permanent magnets (23 through 31) generating axial magnetic fluxes; and the axial bearing (9) is embodied as an active magnetic bearing having an electromagnet ( 55), an axial sensor, and a controller for controlling the electrical current impinging upon the electromagnet (55).
대표청구항▼
The invention claimed is: 1. An exhaust gas turbocharger comprising: a shaft; turbine wheel on the shaft; a compressor wheel on the shaft; passive magnetic radial bearings guiding the shaft, the radial bearings comprising a bearing ring on the shaft, at least one radial bearing stator located axial
The invention claimed is: 1. An exhaust gas turbocharger comprising: a shaft; turbine wheel on the shaft; a compressor wheel on the shaft; passive magnetic radial bearings guiding the shaft, the radial bearings comprising a bearing ring on the shaft, at least one radial bearing stator located axially opposite the bearing ring on at least one side, and permanent magnets provided both on the bearing rings and on the radial bearing stator for generating axial magnetic fluxes; and at least one active magnetic axial bearing guiding the shaft, the axial bearing comprising an electromagnet, an axial sensor, and a controller for controlling the electrical current impinging upon the electromagnet. 2. An exhaust gas turbocharger comprising a shaft on which a turbine wheel and a compressor wheel sit and which is guided in radial bearings and in at least one axial bearing, wherein the radial bearings are embodied as passive magnetic bearings having first permanent magnets generating axial magnetic fluxes; and the axial bearing is embodied as an active magnetic bearing having an electromagnet, an axial sensor, and a controller for controlling the electrical current impinging upon the electromagnet, and wherein the axial bearing has a radially projecting bearing ring, sitting on the shaft and made of magnetizable material, and at least one yoke, made of ferromagnetic material and forming at least one axial bearing stator, that encloses the bearing ring forming magnetic gaps; and at least one pair of axially oppositely polarized second permanent magnets are arranged axially next to one another in the yoke, and an electromagnetic coil is also arranged radially adjacently as the electromagnet, the magnetic flux in the coil and thus in the magnetic gaps being controllable by way of the controller in such a way that the bearing ring is held in the yoke axially in a defined position. 3. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 2, wherein several axial bearings are provided, distributed over the circumference of the bearing ring. 4. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 2, wherein the second permanent magnets are in contact against the yoke. 5. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 2, wherein the second permanent magnets are in contact against each other. 6. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 2, wherein the coil is in contact against the yoke. 7. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 2, wherein the coil is in contact against the second permanent magnets. 8. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 2, wherein the second permanent magnets are radially adjacent to the circumferential side of the radial ring, and the coil sits on the radially outward side thereof. 9. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 2, wherein two of the radial bearings are present, between which the at least one axial bearing is arranged. 10. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 2, wherein the axial bearing is embodied as an annular bearing. 11. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 10, wherein the yoke is configured as an annular yoke that surrounds the bearing ring. 12. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 11, wherein the second permanent magnets are embodied as annular magnets, and the coil as an annular coil. 13. An exhaust gas turbocharger comprising a shaft on which a turbine wheel and a compressor wheel sit and which is guided in radial bearings and in at least one axial bearing, wherein the radial bearings are embodied as passive magnetic bearings having permanent magnets generating axial magnetic fluxes; and the axial bearing is embodied as an active magnetic bearing having an electromagnet, an axial sensor, and a controller for controlling the electrical current impinging upon the electromagnet, and wherein the radial bearings each have a bearing ring sitting on the shaft, and at least one radial bearing stator located axially opposite the bearing ring on at least one side, the permanent magnets being provided both on the bearing rings and on the radial bearing stators. 14. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 13, wherein the radial bearing stators have several partial stators, with permanent magnets, distributed over the circumference. 15. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 13, wherein the radial bearing stators are embodied as annular stators and the permanent magnets as annular magnets. 16. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 13, wherein two of the radial bearings are present, between which the at least one axial bearing is arranged. 17. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 13, wherein each bearing ring is enclosed on both sides by the radial bearing stators. 18. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 17, wherein each two of the radial bearing stators are combined into a yoke that is U-shaped in cross section. 19. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 13, wherein several of the permanent magnets are arranged next to one another in the radial direction. 20. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 19, wherein the permanent magnets on the radial bearing stator and the bearing ring are in contact with one another in the radial direction. 21. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 19, wherein each two of the adjacent permanent magnets in the radial direction are oppositely polarized. 22. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 13, wherein the at least one radial bearing stator is supported via spring and damper elements on a housing-mounted part of the exhaust gas turbocharger. 23. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 22, wherein the spring elements are embodied as axially extending torsion springs. 24. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 23, wherein each radial bearing stator is connected to the housing-mounted part via the torsion springs distributed over the circumference. 25. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 24, wherein the torsion springs are each part of a cage that connects the ends of the torsion springs via cage rings. 26. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 25, wherein the cage surrounds the respective radial bearing stators. 27. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 22, wherein the radial bearing stator or stators are braced against the housing-mounted part by way of at least one damping element. 28. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 27, wherein the damping element is embodied annularly and coaxially with respect to the shaft. 29. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 27, wherein the damping elements are embodied as liquid films. 30. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 29, wherein the liquid films contain magnetic or magnetizable particles and are magnetically impinged upon on at least one side by a permanent magnet. 31. The exhaust gas turbocharger as defined in claim 30, wherein the permanent magnets are part of the radial bearings. 32. An exhaust gas turbocharger comprising: a shaft; turbine wheel on the shaft; a compressor wheel on the shaft; passive magnetic radial bearings guiding the shaft, the radial bearings comprising first permanent magnets generating axial magnetic fluxes; and at least one active magnetic axial bearing guiding the shaft, the axial bearing comprising a radially projecting bearing ring on the shaft made of magnetizable material, at least one yoke made of ferromagnetic material and forming at least one axial bearing stator that encloses the bearing ring to establish magnetic gaps, at least one pair of axially oppositely polarized second permanent magnets arranged axially next to one another in the yoke, an electromagnetic coil arranged radially adjacently as an electromagnet, an axial sensor, and a controller for controlling the magnetic flux in the coil and in the magnetic gaps in such a manner that the bearing ring is held in the yoke in an axially defined position.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (7)
Andres Michael (Rockford IL) Coons Terry L. (Dayton OH), Air cycle machine with magnetic bearings.
McMullen, Patrick T.; Huynh, Co Si, Method and apparatus for providing three axis magnetic bearing having permanent magnets mounted on radial pole stack.
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